专八人文09真题解析

1、2009年人文知识真题 31. The Head of State of New Zealand is_. A. the governor-general(总督). B. the Prime Minister. C. the high commissioner (英联邦国家里的)总督. D. the monarch(君主) of the United Kingdom. D New Zealand shares the same monarch，Queen Elizabeth II,with fifteen other countries in the 54 member Commonwealt

2、h of Nations, a grouping known informally as the British Commonwealth。national flag of New ZealandNational emblem(国徽国徽)32. The capital of Scotland is_ A. Glasgow. B. Edinburgh. C. Manchester. D. London.Glasgow(格拉斯哥) is the largest city in Scotland.Manchester（曼彻斯特）is a city of England.London is the c

3、apital of England.B 33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President? A. Thomas Jefferson. B. George Washington. C. Thomas Paine. D. John Adams.AC:Thomas Paine has a claim to the title The Father of the American Revolution because of Common Sense, the pro-independenc

4、e monograph(专题著作) pamphlet he anonymously published(匿名发表) on January 10, 1776;D:John Adams is the second president of the United States.Although the Declaration of Independence was written primarily by Jefferson, Adams occupied the foremost place in the debate on its adoption. B:George Washington is

5、 the first president of the United States. 34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia? A. Perth. B. Adelaide. C. Sydney. D. Melbourne.C A:Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Austra

6、lia.It is located in the South West Division of Western Australia B:Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth-largest city in Australia. It is a coastal city situated on the southern coast of Australia. C:Sydney is the largest and mos

7、t populous city in Australia and is located on Australias south-east coast. D:Melbourne(墨尔本)is the second most populous city in Australia.It is situated on the southern coast of Australia.Analysis 35. “Ode to the West Wind” was written by_ A. William Blake. B. William Wordsworth. C. Samuel Taylor Co

8、leridge. D. Percy B. Shelley.D Ode to the West Wind西风颂 The poem Ode to the West Wind consists of five cantos(诗章) written in terza rima(三行诗节押韵法). The poem begins with three cantos describing the winds effects upon earth, air, and ocean. The last two cantos are Shelley speaking directly to the wind, a

9、sking for its power, to lift him like a leaf, a cloud or a wave and make him its companion in its wanderings. He asks the wind to take his thoughts and spread them all over the world so that the youth are awoken with his ideas. The poem ends with an optimistic note which is that if winter days are h

10、ere then spring is not very far. Some have interpreted the poem that Shelley wanted his message of reform and revolution spread, and the wind becomes the trope(比喻；修辞) for spreading the word of change through the poet-prophet figure. the most famous sentense in “Ode to the West Wind” If Winter comes,

11、 can Spring be far behind? 冬天如果来了，春天还会远吗?Free verse 自由诗体结构自由，段数，行数，字数没有限制；语言用自由节奏，没有固定的节拍，也没有固定的韵脚。诗人惠特曼为创始人（major precursor).36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse? A. Ralph Waldo Emerson. B. Walt Whitman. C. Herman Melville D. Theodore Dreiser.B爱默生经常和他的朋友梭罗、霍桑、阿尔柯、玛格利特等人举行小型聚会，探讨神学、哲学

12、和社会学问题。这种聚会当时被称为“超验主义俱乐部”，爱默生也自然而然地成为超验主义的领袖在1832年至33年间，爱默生到欧洲旅游，这段经历记载在英国人的性格（English Traits）（1856年）中。在旅途中，他遇到了威廉华兹华斯、柯尔律治、约翰斯图尔特密尔和托马斯卡莱尔爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物。 美国前总统林肯称他为“美国的孔子”、“美国文明之父他被冠以“美国的文艺复兴领袖”之美誉。Ralph Waldo Emerson ( 1803-1882) A:Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生 (May 25, 1803 April 27, 1882) was

13、 an American essayist, philosopher, and poet. Nature论自然 B:Walter Whitman (May 31, 1819 March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. the father of free verse Leaves of Grass（草叶集）C:Herman Melville 赫尔曼梅尔维尔(1819 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist an

14、d poet. ” dark romanticism“ Moby-Dick 白鲸 Billy Budd 比理巴德D:Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser 西奥多德莱塞(1871 1945) was an American novelist and journalist. Sister carrie(1990)嘉莉妹妹 The Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲： The Financer金融家 The Titan 巨人 The Stoic 斯多葛Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲： The Financier 金融家 The Titan 巨人 T

15、he Stoic 斯多葛An American Tragedy 美国悲剧37. The novel was written by_ A. Thomas Hardy. B. John Galsworthy. D. James Joyce.C托马斯哈代，英国诗人、小说家。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学哈代一生共发表了近20部长篇小说，其中最著名的当推德伯家的苔丝、无名的裘德(Jude the Obscure)、还乡和卡斯特桥市长。诗8集，共918首，此外，还有许多以“威塞克斯故事”为总名的中短篇小说

16、，以及长篇史诗剧列王。代表作品有 韦塞克斯诗集，早期与晚期抒情诗，德伯家的苔丝。 A. Thomas Hardy（18401928)，an English novelist and poet. Jude the Obscure 无名的裘德 Tess of Durbervilles 德伯家的苔丝 The Dynasts 列王 The Return of the native 还乡 The mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长 B. John Galsworthy(1867.8.14-1933.1.31),the English novelist and playwright.

17、 The Forsyte Saga 福塞特家史(trilogy): The Man of Property 有产业的人 In Chancery 骑虎 To Let 出租 C. D.H. Lawrence(1885-1930), an English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist D. James Joyce（1882-1941),a Ireland poet and writer. 儿子和情人儿子和情人 简介简介 38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and p

18、roduction is_ A. corpus linguistics. (语料库语言学) B. sociolinguistics.(社会语言学) C. theoretical linguistics.(理论语言学) D. psycholinguistics.(语言心理学)D Corpus linguistics (语料库语言学语料库语言学) k:ps 。Theoretical linguistics(理论语言学) is the branch of linguistics that is most concerned with developing models of linguistic k

19、nowledge. 理论语言学，侧重研究语言的一般理论。Psycholinguistics(语言心理学) or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. 心理语言学，是研究人类理解和输出语言的心理过程. 39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used b

20、y speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called_ A. dialect. B. idiolect. idilekt C. pidgin. D. register.C A:dialect(方言) B:Idiolect=Personal dialect A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines aspects of all the elements regarding regional,social,and stylistic varia

21、tion,in one form or another. C:A pidgin language（洋泾滨语言）is used for some practical purposes,such as trading,by groups of people who do not know each others langauge. D:Register (语域)a form of a language used for a particular purpose or social setting . 语域是语域是语言使用的场合或领域的总称语言使用的场合或领域的总称,语言使用的领域的语言使用的领域的

22、种类很多，例如：种类很多，例如：新闻广播、演说语言、广告语言、课堂新闻广播、演说语言、广告语言、课堂用语、办公用语、家常谈话、与幼童谈话、与外国人谈话、用语、办公用语、家常谈话、与幼童谈话、与外国人谈话、口头自述口头自述等。在不同的领域使用的语言会有不同的语体等。在不同的领域使用的语言会有不同的语体A Speech act theory 言语行为理论 （definition） A:an illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speakers intention; it is the act performed in saying something. 言外行为，是表达说话者意图的行为，或讲某些话所时所实施的行为。 B:a perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about the utt