计算机英语学习

1、2003-8-30http:/ english12003-8-30http:/ english2Introduction The development of the computer changes with each passing day, in the field of computer, regardless of the hardware or software, the theory or practice, the western developed country is in the advantage generally. When Computer undergradua

2、tes are engaged in the work of computer, its unavoidable to have dealings with English materials of the computer. One can not grasp a large number of related to computer respect only by the daily vocabulary in the course of ordinary English, so its necessary for us to learn this course of Computer E

3、nglish which can teach us scientific and technological vocabularies and commonly used grammar phenomena in science and technology. This course can help us to grip the ability of fast reading computer English materials and translation skills. 2003-8-30http:/ english3Objectives Develop your five skill

4、s. Help you pass your postgraduate entrance examination. Expand your field of vision in computing science. Bring up your interest in technological material reading.2003-8-30http:/ english4Five Skills Reading to understand a wide variety of text including diagrams, tables, and ads. to compare differe

5、nt sources of information, written and spoken. to grasp the latest computing terminologies, abstractions and grammar structures.2003-8-30http:/ english5Five Skills Writing to write descriptions and explanations of processes. to write summaries of longer texts. to write technological theses or papers

6、.2003-8-30http:/ english6Five Skills Translation Skill to translate English version computer relevant works. to interpret foreign experts speech. to find out the computer primitives and combination structures.2003-8-30http:/ english7Five Skills Listening to understand native and nonnative profession

7、als and students, talking about their research. to understand experts talking informally about aspects of computing.2003-8-30http:/ english8Five Skills Speaking to communicate about computing topics2003-8-30http:/ english9Unit OnePersonal ComputingTask 1 Peripheral I. Terminologiesperipheral 外围设备 A

8、device to perform an auxiliary action in the system, e.g. input/output, backing store and communications devices (modems), etc.auxiliary 辅助的,辅助设备2003-8-30http:/ english103. LED (Light Emitting Diode) 发光二极管4. infrared sensor 红外传感器5. joystick 游戏杆、操纵手柄 A manual control or cursor device, as one attached

9、 to a computer.6. stylus 指示笔,触针 In computer graphics, a pointer that is operated by placing it in a display space or a tablet; for example, a light pen, a sonic pen, a voltage pencil.2003-8-30http:/ english117. magnetic磁性的8. handheld 手提式的II. Look at the picture and tell what they are. (TASK ONE)III.

10、 Definition Pattern is a/an device connected by a wire to the computer which IV. Exercises In ClassExplain displays and keyboards using the pattern weve just mentioned.2003-8-30http:/ english12Unit OnePersonal ComputingTask 2-3 CWE Interviews I. Terminologies and Wordscomputer consultant 计算机顾问comput

11、erize 使计算机化procedure 过程(程序,生产过程)1.application ，应用软件2003-8-30http:/ english135. as opposed to 而不是.6. IBM clone IBM兼容机7. GUI graphical user interface8. icon 图标9. in any case 无论如何, 总之II. Listen to the tape and do the exercises.III. Spoken EnglishIntroductionIm doing . research on .Inquiries Could you s

12、pare a few minutes to answer some simple questions? It wont take too long, I promise.Asking professions. What exactly do you do as a computer consultant?2003-8-30http:/ english14IV. Exercises Translation In Class (C)I recently did some work for a company that wanted to computerize all their bookkeep

13、ing. I advised them on the best hardware to buy and I developed a software package to suit their needs.It means that you click on icons instead of typing in commands.2003-8-30http:/ english15Unit OnePersonal ComputingTask 4-10 Short History I. Terminologies and Wordsmainframe 大型机 A large, powerful c

14、omputer, often serving several connected terminals. 主机架1.operating system 操作系统 2003-8-30http:/ english163. compatibility 兼容性4. commodity item 商品5. proprietary专利的(所有的)6. capitalize on （与on 连用）利用7. endorsement 认可8. world-wide scale 世界范围9. strategy策略 2003-8-30http:/ english17II. Listen to the tape and

15、do EX 5, EX6, EX7, EX8.III. Exercises Translation In Class (E)Line 4 It went on sale. Apple Computers.Line 32 However, the company.to be performed.1. Line 74 The original IBM PC . speed of 33MHZ.2003-8-30http:/ english18 Definition Recitingoperation systemgraphical interfacecommand-based operating s

16、ystemIV. Speaking Time EX 102003-8-30http:/ english19Unit OnePersonal ComputingTask 11-14 The processor I. Terminologies and Wordsprocessor 处理机 conductive 传导的(导电的)adaptor 适配器1.accumulator累加器,存储器2003-8-30http:/ english205. register 寄存器6. sequence 时序7. transfer 传送8. backing storage9. quartz crystal 10

17、. Operation sets 指令集11. Operation 操作符 operand 操作码12. Refer to 表示13.Megahertz, megabytes, gigabytes14.Call each unit into operation 调度各部完成操作2003-8-30http:/ english2115. ALU = arithmetic/logic unit16. Word length=word size17. Instruction repertoire 指令系统18. Serial mode, parallel mode19. Synchronous pul

18、ses 同步脉冲 20. strobe pulses 选通脉冲21. trigger pulses 触发脉冲2003-8-30http:/ english2222. expansion slots 扩展槽23. Accelerated 加速的24. daisy chaining peripherals菊花链接外设25. hot plugging 热拔插26. Scalable 可升级的27. digital signals和analog signals2003-8-30http:/ english23II. Do TASK 11, 12.III. Learning DefinitionPage

19、 9 Line 5 upper “Control Unit”IV. Exercises In Class (1)1. What does the processor consist of?2. What do RAM, ROM, ALU mean?3. Can you tell me some kinds of adaptor boards?4. Explain the differences among the three kinds of buses.2003-8-30http:/ english24V. Exercises In Class (2) Translation (E) Pag

20、e 9 b, f, hVI. Homework1. Explanation: CPU, register, system clock, USB, accumulator, IEEE1394 in English.2. List more than five peripherals in English.3. Answer the questions: When did the first IBM PC come into being? What did Xerox do during this time?4. Complete TASK 13, 14 after class.5. Prepar

21、e from Page 11 to 23 2003-8-30http:/ english25BACKGROUND 1 Cpu A functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions. A unique operation set Instructions: be made up of operations that specify the function to be performed and operands that represent the data to be operated on. A timer calle

22、d clock: Release precisely timed electrical signals that provide a regular pulse for the processors work. Processor speed: be borrowed from electrical engineering and be called megahertz/gigahertz2003-8-30http:/ english262 Two functional units and registers ALU The functional unit that provides the

23、computer with logical and computational capabilities. Registers A mini-storage location inside processor is used to keep track of the overall status of the program that is running. A important factor that affects the speed and performance of a processor. If the operand registers of a processor are 6

24、4 bits wide, the processor is said to be a 64-bit processor.2003-8-30http:/ english273 Control unit The functional unit that is responsible for supervising the operation of the entire computer system. The control unit fetches instructions from memory and determines their types or decodes them. Step

25、1 Provide signals to activate the operations in the ALU, the memory and I/o units; Step 2 After completing the instruction, Call the next from the memory; Step 3 Decode the operation code to produce a signal to begin the operation2003-8-30http:/ english284 System clock To keep the system working at

26、a unanimous pace, the CU must schedule all units with synchronous pulses under the charge of a central timing unit-a crystal clock built inside it. These pulses are sent to working units used as strobe pulses or trigger pulses. System clocks speed means the number of pulses issued within one second.

27、2003-8-30http:/ english295 Bus unit The place where the instructions flow in and out of the microprocessor from the computers main memory. Its one of the factors that influence PCS working speed. Width of the bus: When we say a computer is a 64-bit computer, we mean that the width of its bus is 64-b

28、it. Also its called word length.2003-8-30http:/ english306. Instruction Cache A warehouse of instructions right on the chip. It helps PC speed up its calculating speed.7 Instruction codes A program: a set of instructions that specify the operations, operands and the sequence by which processing has

29、to occur. The stored program: Instruction codes together with data are stored in memory.2003-8-30http:/ english31 System Bus and Interface A bus has been defined as a set of signals grouped by functions. Three buses: data, address and control bus The data-bus transmits data. A 64-bit microprocessor

30、requires a 64-bit data-bus to transmit 64 bits of data in parallel. Its bi-directional which means it transmits data in both directions.2003-8-30http:/ english32 The address-bus is used to select the origin or destination of signals transmitted through one of the other buses. Traditionally, a standa

31、rd address bus has 16 lines which can address 64KB. The control-bus is used for the synchronization of the system. It carries status and control information both to and from the microprocessor unit. A control-bus requires at least 10 control lines to be useful.2003-8-30http:/ english33 ISA( Industry

32、 Standard Architecture) bus : A bus design specification that allows components to be added as cards plugged into standard expansion slots. A 16-bit ISA slot which is permitted a 16-bit data path actually consists of two separate 8-bit slots mounted end to end so that a single 16-bit card plugs into

33、 both slots. (1984) EISA( Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus : EISA maintains compatibility with the earlier ISA but provides fro additional features in IBMs MCA (Micro Channel Architecture) bus standard. It has 32-bit data path and much better than ISA bus.2003-8-30http:/ english34 MCA(Mi

34、cro Channel Architecture) bus: The design of the bus in IBM PS/2 computers. Unlike the PC/AT bus, the MCA functions as either a 16-bit or a 32-bit bus, and it also can be driven independently by multiple bus master processors. PCI local bus(Peripheral Component Interconnect local bus): Today its a p

35、opular local bus used in PCs.2003-8-30http:/ english35 A specification introduced by Intel Corporation that defines a local bus system that allows up to 10 PEC-compliant expansion cards to be installed in PCs. A PCI controller card, which must be installed in one of the PCI-compliant slots. Optional

36、ly, an expansion bus controller for the systems ISA, EISA, or MCA slots can be installed as well, providing increased synchronization over all the systems bus-installed recourses. The PCI controller can exchange data with the systems CPU either 32 bits or 64 bits at a time, depending on the implemen

37、tation, and it allows intelligent, PCI-compliant adapters to perform tasks concurrently with the CPU using a technique called bus mastering.2003-8-30http:/ english36 AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port): A high-performance bus specification designed for fast, high-quality display of 3-D and video images.

38、Developed by Intel, AGP uses a dedicated point-to-point connection between the graphics controller and main memory. This connection enables AGP-capable display adapters and compatible chipsets to transfer video data directly between system memory and adapter memory, to display images more quickly an

39、d smoothly than they can be displayed when the information must be transferred over PCI bus. AGP runs at 66 MHz-twice as fast as the PCI bus-and can support data transfer speeds of up to 533 Mb per second.2003-8-30http:/ english37 USB(Universal Serial bus): A serial bus with a data transfer rate of

40、12 Mb per second for connecting peripherals to a microcomputer. USB can connect up to 127 peripherals, such as external CD-ROM drives, printers, modems, mice, and keyboards, to the system through a single general-purpose port. This is accomplished by daisy chaining peripherals together. USB is desig

41、ned to support the ability to automatically add and configure new devices and the ability to add such devices without having to shut down and restart the system(hot plugging).2003-8-30http:/ english38 FireWire bus(IEEE 1394): A nonproprietary high-speed, serial bus I/O standard. IEEE 1394 provides a

42、 means of connecting digital devices, including personal computers and consumer electronics hardware. It is platform-independent, scalable(expanded), and flexible in supporting peer-to-peer(roughly, device-to-device) connections. IEEE 1394 preserves data integrity by eliminating the need to convert

43、digital signals into analog signals. IEEE 1394 is considered a low-cost interface for devices such as digital cameras, camcorders, and multimedia devices.2003-8-30http:/ english39 IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics) Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) is really a misnomer in the way we use it today. ID

44、E refers to any drive with the controller built-in. The interface most of us use, that we call IDE, is actually called ATA, or AT Attachment. 2003-8-30http:/ english40 Most drives today are IDE. These drives have the controller built on. They plug into a bus connector on the motherboard or an adapte

45、r card. Such drives are easy to install and require a minimum number of cables. This is due to the fact that the controller is on the drive itself. Less parts are needed and the signal pathways can be much shorter. These short signal pathways improve reliability of the drive. Before, data could lose

46、 its integrity while traveling over cheap ribbon cables. Lastly, integrating the controller is easier on the manufacturer because they do not have to worry about complying with another manufacturers controller. Each drive is an independent entity. As said earlier, IDE is really a much broader term than what we usually use. Most of the time, one is referring to ATA IDE, simply because this is most popular. There are other types, including MCA IDE and XT IDE. These will be discussed briefly further down. 2003