专升本英语串讲讲义

1、天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语 词汇和语法结构部分A. 考试要求1. 词汇要求领会式掌握4000个左右的单词, 以及由这些词构成的常用词组（包括中学所掌握的词和词组），并且有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。2. 语法结构要求巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。考核学生对语法结构和词语用法的掌握程度。重视词汇和语法的学习。不能只求记住多少单词、词组的意义和语法规则, B. 考查重点1. 词汇考查重点1. 动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular (patientwith ；yield solution adapt ；ac

2、cuse require of ；charge for ；under discussion 等等。习惯用法如：confess toset aboutbe used todoing ；be supposed to等。2. 由同一动词构成的短语如：come ，go ，set ，break 等构成的短语。3. 4. 介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；rather than，other than ，such as，none nothing but 等词在考题中出现。2. 语法结构考查重点121）虚拟语气的考点 would ratherthat

3、从句+ ; It is vitalnecessary important urgent imperative natural essential that+ ； It is timeabout timehigh timethat+ that+ ； lest that should+ ； if onlythat would+ 2）状语从句的考点 非if provided ，so long as，in case，once 等来替代if ； 由even ifso ，now that just hardly when more than，as as ，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。3）独立

4、主格结构45which ）和as 作为关系代词。C. 语法结构考试三大难点1. 独立主格结构1）人称代词逻辑主语用主格, 逻辑主语与分词形成主谓关系用2）逻辑主语与分词形成动宾关系（被动）用过去分词3强调分词发生的时间在主语4）t buy a plane ticket for her home. (同上，此句中being / having been常可省略5）There being no bus, we had to go back home on foot.( there being +逻辑主语是独立分词结构的一种特殊形式，表示存在，相当于一个状语2. 情态动词与完成时连用1） should

5、 +have+过去分词表示过去“本应该而实际未做”，暗示说话人对自己的责备、抱怨或遗憾的意思。否定结构为shouldn t +have+过去分词，表示过去“本不应该”而实际上做了的动作。How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.You shouldnt have told anyone about it.天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语2） must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，意为“一定， 想必，可能”。表示对过去情况的否定推测用

6、“cant (couldnt + have + 过去分词”，不用“mustn t + have + 过去分词”，反意疑问句用have (has。有明确表示过去时间的状语（before 除外）时反意疑问句用did 。Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.Joe cant have left. I saw him just now.The party couldnt have been successful as you had hoped.He must have finished his homewor

7、k, hasnt he?He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didnt he?3） may (might + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。用might + have + In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique.Might he have been caught and killed? 错误4） can (could + have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。用于疑问句和否定句，不用于肯定句。Th

8、ey cant have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them.Bill couldn5） need + have +过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”，有责备的意思。否定形式表示 “ Need you have watched TV last night?You neednt have woken me up so early. Its Sunday today.6） would + have + 过去分词表示“本应该，而未”，would like to have + 。We would have argued wi

9、th you.I would like to have seen the film.3. 关系代词as 和which 的区别1as which 。As is planned, we got there before eight.2）As 句表示消极的意义，只用which 。3(如：宾+补；不定式短语；动词-ing 形式短语等 时，一般只能用which, 而不用 as 。4） as such 连用。4. as常用于一些固定结构中。 as is well known / as we all know 众所周知 as is said above 正如上面所说正如所想象的那样 as is report

10、ed 如报道所说如所指出的那样 as is expected 正如所料词汇语法结构预测题Vocabulary ）这主要是由于他们没有掌握汉英两种语言在词汇方1. 同义或近义辨析题同义、近义辨析题主要是对同义词或近义词在含义与用法上进行区别，这是词汇测试的一个重要方面。这类试题的选项是四个词性相同、词义相同或相近的词。测试的目的在于检测考生辨别词义和运用词汇的能力。(1 He gave a brief of history of the university before the opening of the university.A. reference B. statement C. acc

11、ount D. comment(2 It takes a great deal of power to a spaceship into space.A. elevate B. flourish C. launch D. take off(3 We know she was always as as her word, so we trusted her.天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语A. good B. honest C. faithful D. true(4 One of his eyes was injured in an accid

12、ent, but after a operation, he quickly recovered his sight.A. precise B. considerate C. delicate D. sensitive(5 The managing director took the though it was not really his fault.A. guilt B. blame C. charge D. accusation(6 There were no tickets for Saturdays concert.A. preferable B. considerable C. p

13、ossible D. available2. 形近辨析题形近词辨析的四个选项（或其中的两到三个）具有非常相似的外形，而词义则可能毫无关系（有时亦有可能词义相近）能够辨析其差异，从而在实际运用中不致出错。(1 He was employed as interpreter because he was in three languages.A. intimate B. proficient C. efficient D. sufficient(2 At first the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision wa

14、s A. subsequently B. successively C. predominantly (3 In order that we can improve our writing, this scheme must be .A. adapted B. admitted C. adhered (4 His deafness him of the pleasure from music.A. derived B. prevented C. deprived (5 A Dictionary of the English Language, interestingly written sur

15、vey of English usage.A. constructed B. composed (6 More often than not, it is difficult English.A. exchange B. transfer C. convey 3. 语汇与短语搭配辨析题介词短语的考查。平时应 .A. us too much D. of us too much(2 I had A. not idea of D. no idea about(3 She.A. come round C. come again D. come out a photograph of you as a

16、child.A. to B. across me.A. to B. with D. atI dont know how you can her.A. put up C. put up with D. stand with(7 The meeting had to be because of the absence of chairman of the board.B. called in C. called on D. called out to it.B. keep on C. hold on D. keep up be separated from practice.B. in the w

17、ay C. on the way D. in no wayt enough money for food, amusements.B. lean against C. let alone D. leave alone most of the middle school students.A. appeal for B. apply for C. appeal to D. apply on(12 The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable his financial s

18、ituation.A. with respect to B. in accord with C. regardless of D. in terms of4. 固定习语辨析题英语习语是英语语言发展的结晶, 是英语国家的人民在生活生产实践中逐步形成的语言精华。习语是固定词组，在句子中或从句中不能随意分割, 也不能随意更换。英语短语习语, 有的以名词开始, 有的以动词开始, 有的以形容词、介词、副词、连词、数词等等开始。天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语(1 the severe cold, tourism was full swing.A. Th

19、oughon B. Despiteon C. Thoughin D. Despitein(2 As the President of the school cant go to the reception, Im representing the school .A. in his consideration B. on his behalf C. for his part D. from his point of view(3 He was caught in the rain yesterday, , he fell ill this morning.A. on the contrary

20、B. in contrary C. in other words D. as a result(4 Under heavy gunfire, those cameramen risked their lives to give _ battlefield reports.A. word-for-word B. face-to-face C. down-to-earth D. on-the-spot(5 I didnt go to his last party, because , I changed my mind.A. on a second thought B. by second tho

21、ughts C. on second thoughts A. as B. thus C. so D. likeA. count for B. count to C. count down(8 I didnt quite _ to what you said. Would you mind repeating it？A. catch on B. get hold C. catch up二、语法结构题（Structure ）1. 虚拟语气虚拟语气是与事实不相符的假设，是常考的语法难点之一。(1 It is time he strong action against those gangsters.

22、A. took B. is taking C. will take D. takeswere finished.A. could lose B. might lose (3 Id just as soon A. that you wont take B. your not taking D. you didnt take(4 Without his wise mother, he A. would not become D. could not have become(5 If only we A. knew D. would have known(6 You me because I did

23、n A. must misunderstand C. must have understood D. had to misunderstand(7 A. Had I not taken t taken D. provided I didnt take the rules.A. obeys C. will obey D. would obey2. 非谓语动词(1 I vaguely remember something like that.B. him having said C. his saying D. him to sayto go alone.B. ought to not allow

24、D. ought to not have been allowedB. To see C. Seen D. See cleaned.t have been B. shouldnt have cleaned C. mustnt have cleaned D. wouldnt have cleaned(5 Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined high level of self-confidence.A. to possess B. possess C. have p

25、ossess D. possessing(6 We will expect to have more rain in the weeks .A. coming B. to be coming C. to have come D. to come(7 Well, I would rather .A. not to tell you B. to tell you not C. not tell you D. not told you(8 I appropriate to your birthday party.天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语A.

26、 to be invited B. to have invited C. having invited D. being invited3. 定语从句定语后置英语定语从句很特别的语言现象。复习中，要特别关注介词关系代词（which ）和as 作为关系代词的定语从句。(1 There were two small rooms in the beach house, served as a kitchen.A. the small of them B. the smaller of which C. the smallest of which D. the smaller of them(2 Af

27、ter living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when (5 Smart he is, he cant find the answer question.A. like B. as C. that D. how(6 You cant see the president you ve made an appointment with him.A. when B. if C. unless D. except(7

28、 I was about to leave my house the phone rang.A. while B. when C. as D. after(8 When we encounter more difficulties, we should be more spirited, and we should be more courageous .A. the more danger we are in B. the more in danger we are天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语C. we are in more dang

29、er D. we are in danger more(9 Give me your e-mail address I need your help.A. whether B. unless C. so that D. in case(10 Unless you work hard, .A. you will earn a lot of money B. you will be able to pass the examC. you will not be able to go abroad D. you will be a good scholar(11 The people at the

30、part worried about Janet because no one was aware she had gone.A. of the place B. the place C. of where D. where that (12 I saw you I knew you were angry with me.A. A moment B.The moment C. In a moment 6. 特殊句型(1 The naughty boy has cried wolf many times. Hardly A. anybody believes B. has anybody bel

31、ieved C. does anybody believe (2 closed his eyes than the doorbell rang.A. Hardly had he B. Scarcely he had C. No sooner had he (3 Not until ten oclock it was too late to return.A. they realized B. they did realize (4 We have been told that under no circumstances A. we may use B. you may use C. may

32、we use a lot outside of it.A. much less reading B. more than to read (6 It was not she arrived in class A. and she B. when she D. that she(7 on the basis of a topic be with a good thesis organize your ideas properly for your composition.A. Only a thesis canso you can B. Just as can youC. Just as can

33、 a thesisD. Onlyonly can you(8 It was not until it was getting darkA. when B. had(9 Not for a moment A. we have doubt C. we had doubted D. doubted we(10 Little A. he knows C. does he know D. doesnt he know(11 Seldom A. I saw C. have I seen D. do I see(12 So loudly A. does he speak C. he speaks D. he

34、 spoke(13 the Christmas shopping season begins.B. After Thanksgiving it isD. It is Thanksgiving that that she passed the exam？B. for C. it D. which前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词 或形容词、 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。(1 Jimmy walked slowly to the corner of the playground, hi

35、s face tears.A. covering with B. covered with C. with covering D. with covered(2 The taxi sped away, its lights into the distance.A. disappearing B. disappeared C. with disappearing D. with disappeared(3 , we missed our plane.A. The train being late B. To be late C. The train is being late D. The tr

36、ain which is late(4 Their stomachs for food, their backs from too much sun, both boys gathered there things and headed for home.天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语A. is cryingis burning B. is criedis burned C. criedburned D. crying burning(5 Then the two players let him fall to the track, his

37、 chest landing first, his head following, , and finally lying still.A. bounced B. bouncing C. was bounced D. was bouncing(6 Barbara just lay there, her mouth , her eyes , unable to say a word.A. trembledunfocused B. was tremblingwere unfocusedC. tremblingunfocused D. was trembledunfocusing(7 , we ha

38、d to stay at home.A. It was a hot day B. The day being hot C. Which have a hot day D. Being a hot day(8 , we shall go out for a picnic on Sunday.A. Weather permits B. Weather permitting C. With weather permits (9 All flights because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A. having canceled B.

39、have been canceled C. were canceled (10 He rushed into the room, his face with sweat.A. dripping B. dripped C. being dripped 一、试题要求，使构词正确、恰当，句意完整、连贯。二、做题方法1. 确定空缺词汇的词类与词义2. 掌握各类词性词汇的语法功能句中修饰动词或形容词。3. 确定前缀或后缀4.三、常考构词法 名词形容词 n. tive adj. instinct instinctive n. al adj. 如：origin original n. ic/tic adj.

40、 如：energy energetic economy economic adj. 如：religion religious n. 如：shade shadyadj. 如： leisure leisurely 如： will willing open openinge a tion n. 如： observe observation preserve preservation v. de/d sion/ion n. 如： decide decision expand expansion v. e 或不去e ment n. 如：argue argument advertise advertise

41、ment v. sure n. 如： press pressure名词/动词形容词 v./n. able/bleadj. 如：profit profitable v./n. tive adj. 如： effect effective v./n. ate/iteadj. 如： favor favorite consider considerate v./n. ing adj. 如： lead leading 形容词名词 adj. ty n. 如：electrical electricity social society poor poverty天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升

42、本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语词类转换（构词法）预测题1. How many people are there in your _? (house2.I could not see the road properly because of the _. (dark3. The river _ at its mouth where it meets the sea. (broad4. Would you please _ the door for me? ( lock 5. _, every student in the class passed the final exam. (luck6.

43、 Reading builds vocabulary, stimulates _, widens the attention span, promotes emotional development, and introduces the structure of English. (imagine7.Marry changed her mind at last under _ from her parents. (press8. The customs(海关 officer had all the bags _but found nothing suspicious10. Most adul

44、ts who are learning a foreign language would disagree with the a language is easy. (state13. The boy was _ sorry for what he has done. (real_of the material. (organize_. (act(effective28. wonder out of boredom. (patient31. (long32. We should not be afraid of_ mistakes in our work. (cover阅读理解部分一、专升本阅

45、读理解能力要求1. 阅读理解题型是河南省专升本英语考试最重要的题型之一，占卷面总分的26.66%。要求考生顺利阅读语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章，掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，并能进行一定的分析、推理和判断，领会作者的观点和态度，阅读速度达到每分钟70-80词。在阅读篇幅较长、难度略低、生词不超过总词数3%的材料时，能掌握中心大意，抓住主要事实和有关细节，阅读速度达到每分钟100词。阅读四篇短文，总阅读量在1000-1200词之间。每篇短文后有5个题，总计20题，每题2分，共40分，要求根据文章从四个选择项中选一个最佳答案。天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题

46、预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语2. 阅读理解部分考核学生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力。考核的技能是：A. 辨别和理解中心思想和重要细节1）理解明确表达的概念或细节2）理解隐含表达的概念或细节（如总结、判断、推论等）；通过判断句子的交际功能（如请求、拒绝、命令等）来理解文章意思3）理解文章的中心思想（如找出能概括全文的要点等）4）理解作者的观点和态度B. 运用语言技能理解文章1）理解词语（如根据上下文猜测词和短语的意思）2）理解句间关系（如原因、结果、目的、比较等）3）理解篇章（如运用词汇及语法承接手段来理解篇章各部分之间的关系）C. 运用专门的阅读技能1）略读文章，获取文章大意2）查读文章，获取特定

47、信息二、影响阅读理解解题的四大恶习1“指读”（pointing reading），即为了“集中注意力” 无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读。2“唇读”（lip reading ）着读音。影响了大脑的思维速度。3“回读”（repeated reading）阅读做题效率低，浪费时间。4“译读”（translation reading）由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法，导致了逐词阅读接受信息的习惯。解决这对矛盾的方法主要有：12）不要逐词阅读，而要按意群（34三、阅读理解文章的体裁1. 议论文2. 记叙文以记叙为主要表达方式，综合其他表达方式；以写人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容；通过描述人物、时间3. 阐

48、明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。它通过揭示概念来说明事物; 分总; 总分总。1. 阅读理解的目的: 获取阅读文章的信息：在阅读中确定文章的中心思想或主旨大意；辨认与中心思想有关的重要事实和细节；通过上下文的语义能推断出词语或句子的确切含义；在理解词语和句子的基础上，能依据文章的语意结构，得出合乎逻辑的结论，进行合理的推论及综合的概括。2. 学会应对考试的阅读方法略读法(skimming：Read quickly to get the general idea of a passage.查阅法(Scanning: Read quickly to get the specific informatio

49、n of a passage.3. 注意三个侧重1）侧重首句尾句，首段尾段天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语2）侧重语篇标志词（语言信号）:举例；比较；转折；因果；时间；地点；目的；条件；结论。3）侧重长句、难句4. 熟悉四种题型1）主旨大意题：这类问题主要测试考生把握主题与中心思想的能力。准确把握主题句（topic sentence ）是解答这类题的关键。主题句一般具有意思完整概括、形式简单的特点。一个段落一般围绕一个主题句展开，其他句子对主题句进行阐述、扩展或论证。由于文章的题材和要求不同，主题句的位置不尽相同，一般位于篇章、段落的开头或结

50、尾(首尾句 ，但应注意，这类题目的正确选择项决不会是原文主题句的简单重复，而是其意思的重新表述。主旨大意题的解题思路：主旨大意在文章中出现的四种形式:文首, 文中, 文尾, 没有明确主旨(需总结 。注意事项:（1）段落中出现转折时, 该句很可能是主题句（2）作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨（3）首段出现疑问句时, 对该问题的解答就是文章主旨（4）提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:therefore, thus, but, however, in short常见的提问方式：Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?The ma

51、in idea of the passage is that _.The major point discussed in the passage is _.The best title for this passage would be _.The author's purpose in writing the passage is _.The passage is mainly about _.2）词语理解题熟词僻义指常用词的不常见意义，决排除其常见意义选项。如果考生词、难词，考生所要做的就是冷静地理解上下文，找准其中线索，合理推测(词语理解题解题思路：(1）对词义考察的两种方式:

52、超纲词义含义推断;根据上下文推理猜测的两个原则。特别注意：不管这个词多超纲,不管这个词多熟悉,（2）猜测词义的方法:构词法:词性加搭配:, 再看它与哪些词语可以搭配, 最后根据自己的常识推测。找同义词, 同义解释, , :在上下文中找出生词的其他表示方法, 由此推断其含义。找同位词:, 找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测 常见的提问方式：By “” ” in the passage most properly means _.“” in Para. XX can be best replaced by _.in Para. XX is closest in meaning to _.3(关键

53、词 ，然后到原文中定位。正确选项不会是原文句子的重复，而是用一些与原句中的某个词的同义或近义词来进行表述，或是用另外一个相同意思的句子来表述。事实细节题解题思路：（1）关于对细节题的认识问题主旨与细节是相辅相成的, 确定了主题, 才能深刻理解材料的作用。同样, 对具体细节有较为全面的理解, 就能更好地判明主题。文章的事实细节内容不会孤立地出现, 它与前后的内容密切相关, 考生要善于利用因果、类比、时间、空间的关系将零碎的细节组成一个有机整体。天一文化教育集团·锐志文化 2010年专升本命题预测大串讲内部讲义公共英语看细节内容要“跳出来”看, 即要对文章的组织结构有很清楚的认识, 然后

54、判断这个细节为什么主题服务，坚决遵循“本本主义”, 文章里有什么就用什么, 不可凭感觉发挥做题。（2）事实细节题选项特点事实细节题的正确选项特点一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案, 但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样, 而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。 题干+正确选项的信息值等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值。体现中心思想, 一篇考试题的细节与主旨直接关联。事实细节题干扰选项的特点部分正确, 部分错误是原文信息, 但不是题目要求的内容符合常识, 但不是文章内容与原句的内容极为相似, 只是在程度上有些变动常见提问方式Which of the following is True?Which of t

55、he following is NOT True?Which of the following is Not mentioned in Paragraph ?The author gives an example in Paragraph . mainly to show that _.From the passage , it can be seen that .The main reason foris _.4）推理判断题这类题主要测试考生在理解字面意义的基础上，意义。(有理据 ，不可死抠字面意思。推理判断题解题思路：（一）推理引申题的解题1）解题注意事项, , 让考生有推理的余地。 注意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子. , 也是命题点所在。2）选项特点干扰项的特点：是原文的简单复述