2012职称英语阅读理解及译文非新增

1、职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章)2第二篇课外学习带来很大不同2Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference2第三篇 米洛舍维奇之死3Milosevics Death3第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福4Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving4第五篇 中日敌意减少5SinoJapan Animosity Lessens6第六篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行7TV Shows and Long Bus Trips7第七篇 现代日光浴者8Modern Sun Wo

2、rshippers8第九篇 单亲幼儿最出色9Single-parent Kids Do Best9第十二篇 走私10Smuggling10第十三篇 芭比娃娃11The Barbie Dolls11第十四篇 睡眠12Sleep12第十五篇 轨道航天飞机13Orbital Space Plane13职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B级考试需要掌握文章)14第三十一篇 泳池监护14Pool Watch15第三十二篇 柴罗基部落15The Cherokee Nation16职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A级考试需要掌握文章)16第四十一篇 国际航空公司的经营16The Operation o

3、f International Airlines17第四十二篇 桑 拿 浴18Sauna18第四十三篇 建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗？（综合A）19Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?20第四十四篇 越来越爱肢体接触的美国人20Americans Get Touchy21第四十五篇 女性在迷你裙上逗留的时间更长22Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer22第四十六篇 捍卫进化论仍必要（综合A）23Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seem

4、s Needed23第四十八篇 苏格兰启蒙运动（综合A）24Finding Enlightenment in Scotland25第四十九篇 美洲文学的开端（综合A）26The Beginning of American Literature26第五十篇 远古火山喷发27Older Volcanic Eruptions27职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章)第二篇 课外学习带来很大不同让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。佛罗里达大学一个22岁的学

5、生Darren Heitner说大多学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模很大的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说：“我认为很多

6、人加入校园组织来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。”但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dan

7、ce Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy. Most student leaders dont want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-ol

8、d University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathons operations officer for two years. Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire

9、for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining. At large universities like Fangmeyers, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to ,belong in their own comer of campus. Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the surveys findings. I wanted

10、 to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends. All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students arent thinking about their resumes. I think that a lot of people do join to fatten up their

11、 resume, said Heitner. At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles. But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organization

12、s at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the universitys complicated bureaucracy. Outside-of the classroom learning

13、really makes a big difference, Fangmeyer said.第三篇 米洛舍维奇之死上周六前南斯拉夫领袖米洛舍维奇史洛波登死于设在海牙的前南斯拉夫国际刑事法庭的牢房里。终年64岁。自2002年2月以来米洛舍维奇一直在那里受审。米洛舍维奇1941年生于南斯拉夫塞尔维亚的波扎雷瓦茨市。他在家排行老二。爸爸是牧师，妈妈是学校的老师。早在他幼年时便父母双亡。据他的私人传记作者讲，小米洛 舍维奇很一般。他“对体育不感兴趣，尽量避免旅行。经常穿白色的衬衫打着领带，打扮得老气横秋的来上学”。他的一个老朋友说，他能“把他想象成一个站长或是一个一丝不苟的公务员。”事实上，如果不是跟

14、米拉结婚的话，他有可能成为这样一个人。大家认为她是他的动力。大学以后他表现得很好。他在多家不同的公司工作过，是个共产主义者。1986年，任塞尔维亚共产党总书记。但是直到这时他仍未受到真正的重用。是科索沃给了他这次机会。科索沃是塞尔维亚的自治区，以阿尔巴尼亚民族为主，少数人是塞尔维亚人。1989年，他被派到科索沃去消除感觉受到歧视的塞尔维亚人的恐慌。然而在抗议中米洛舍维奇一直充当着塞尔维亚人保护者的角色。这样一来，他便成了一个残忍暴戾的人。他在家里和米拉谋划他的政敌的垮台。和塞尔维亚电台的导演共同谋划上演一出目的在于让他获得全国最大权力的现代媒体大战。1990年，他被选为塞尔维亚的总统。1997

15、年，他当选为南斯拉夫的总统。接下来的故事就众所周知了。他的民族主义者的身份导致了南斯拉夫的其他种族为自己的权利、土地而战。1991年，6个共和国中的4个宣布独立后，南斯拉夫解体了。战争开始后持续了好几年，死伤百万人。接着西方国家干预了进来。北大西洋公约组织炮轰了南斯拉夫，2000年这位领导人最终下台了。不久，塞尔维亚新政府逮捕了他，并送他去接受海牙的南斯拉夫 战争审判法庭的正义审判。Milosevics DeathFormer Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic was found dead last Saturday in his cell at the H

16、ague-based International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The 64-year-old had been on trial there since February 2002.Born in provincial Pozarevac in 1941, he was the second son of a priest and a school teacher. Both of his parents died when he was still a young adult. The young Milosevi

17、c was “untypical”, says Slavoljub Djukic, his unofficial biographer. He was “not interested in sports, avoided excursions and used to come to school dressed in the old-fashioned waywhite shirt and tie.” One of his old friends said, he could “imagine him as a station-master or punctilious civil serva

18、nt”.Indeed that is exactly what he might have become, had he not married Mira. She was widely believed to be his driving force.At university and beyond he did well. He worked for various firms and was a communist party member. By 1986 he was head of Serbias Central Committer. But still he had not ye

19、t really been noticed.It was Kosovo that gave him his chance. An autonomous province of Serbia, Kosovo was home to an Albanian majority and a Serbian minority. In 1989, he was sent there to calm fears of Serbians who felt they were discriminated against. But instead he played the nationalist card an

20、d became their champion. In so doing, he changed into a ruthless and determined man. At home with Mira he plotted the downfall of his political enemies. Conspiring with the director of Serbian TV, he mounted a modern media campaign which aimed to get him the most power in the country.He was elected

21、Serbian president in 1990. In 1997, he became president of Yugoslavia. The rest of the story is well-known: his nationalist card caused Yugoslavias other ethnic groups to fight for their own rights, power and lands. Yugoslavia broke up when four of the six republics declared independence in 1991. Wa

22、r started and lasted for years and millions died. Then Western countries intervened. NATO bombed Yugoslavia, and he eventually stepped down as state leader in 2000.Soon after this, Serbias new government, led by Zoran Djindjic, arrested him and sent him to face justice at the Yugoslav war crimes tri

23、bunal in the Hague.第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福四周前美国的孩子打扮成魔鬼，四处要糖吃。这就是万圣节。几周之后就是圣诞节，美国的房子都会染成红色和绿色，里面充满了礼物。似乎这一切还不够，这周的星期二， 美国 人还会庆祝另外一个节日感恩节。孩子们有两天不上课，商店歇业，房子里面家人喜欢的食物堆成了山。每年在Gainesville, 佛罗里达，整个一个班会一起庆祝感恩节。整个班会打扮起来，为家人表演剧目。剧目过后一家人分享一顿传统的感恩节美食，比如火鸡和南瓜饼。Dean Foster, 一个11岁的男孩愿意加入这次庆祝。他说：“我喜欢感恩节，因为不用上学，有很多好吃的，还有快乐

24、的家庭聚会。”他9 岁的弟弟Ben 说，感恩节最好的地方，就是它结束时就是圣诞节开始的时候。但是在食物和花掉的大笔的钱背后有另一层寓意。周二晚上，Dean 和Ben的家人会做一个篮子，吃晚饭的时候把它放在桌子上。每个人会把他们要感谢的东西列在一张单子上，放在篮子里。一家人会读出每一张单子上写的内容，花时间感谢上帝，感谢彼此给予这样舒适幸福的生活。感恩节是一具传统节日，起源于第一批朝圣者来到美洲开始新生活的时候。艰苦的第一年后，在秋天取得了大丰收。他们举行了盛宴，并邀请了当地的土著印第安人一起感谢上帝给予他们充足的食物。很多国家庆祝感恩节，时间经常是在庄稼成熟，收割完毕准备过冬之后。Feast

25、on Turkey and Good Wishes at ThanksgivingFour weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween In a few weeks American houses will be red and green and filled with presents, for Christmas.As if all this isnt enough, on Thursday this week, America will enjoy another

26、festivalThanksgiving.Children will have two days off school, shops will close and houses will be filled with families enjoying mountains of food.Every year, in Gainesville, Florida, an entire class celebrate Thanksgiving together. The class dresses up and puts on plays for their families, After the

27、plays the families share a feast of traditional Thanksgiving foods like turkey and pumpkin pie.Dean Foster, an 11yearold boy will take part in this celebration. He said: “I love Thanksgiving because it means time off school, lots of nice food and a happy family.”His brother Ben, nine, said: “The bes

28、t thing about Thanksgiving, is that when it is finished, it is time to start Christmas.”But behind the food and the large amount of money spent there is another message. On Thursday evening. Dean and Bens family will make a basket and put it on the table as they eat their evening meal.Each of them w

29、ill write a list of things that they are thankful for and place the paper in the basket. The family will read the pieces of paper and take time to thank God and each other for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.Thanksgiving is a traditional festival that started in 1621, when the first

30、pilgrims arrived in the US to start a new life. After a hard year, they had a big autumn harvest. They held a feast and invited the native American Indians along to thank God for giving them enough food. Many countries celebrate Thanksgiving. They often fall after the fields have been harvested and

31、the crops collected for winter.第五篇 中日敌意减少根据周三在北京举行的记者招待会发布的调查显示，较之去年，中日人民对待彼此的态度稍微积极了一些。 这项调查是由中国日报和Genron共同负责的，Genron是日本一家非营利性组织，类似于美国外交关系委员会。它也曾压倒性的赞同中日两国关系很重要。 这项调查是北京东京论坛的一部分。北京东京论坛是一个中日两国高级政府官员或非政府组织代表们会面的年会，旨在推动两国间的相互理解和交流。这项调查每年实施一次，现在已经是第五年了。他主要关注两类人群：普通市民和知识分子。在中国被调查的知识分子主要是像北京大学这样知名大学的大学生们

32、。而在日本的知识分子群体则主要是由非营利组织Genron的前任成员组成的。被调查的中国普通市民中有357的人认为他们对日本人的印象”很好”或是”相对较好”，比去年增长了55个百分点。452的中国学生对日本人有好感，比去年增加了2个百分点。但是，却只有266的日本人对中国人有好感。但是，两国代表中仍然有压倒性的多数人认为中日关系一直”很重要”，并且期待两国领导们能相互加强对话和合作。但是，在中国有519的普通人群和424的学生认为他们在过去的一年里没有看到两国关系的任何变化。在日本有648的普通人群和534的知识分子认为今年中日双边关系没有任何进展。调查显示，历史问题和恐怖主义争执依然是推动两国

33、双边关系的两大主要壁垒。中国人最关注的问题有历史问题，日本官员参拜靖国神社以及南京大屠杀。不过，两国在经济和贸易关系的认识上有了改进。大约有47的日本普通民众认为今年中国人在对抗全球经济危机上有很大的帮助，相比较而言，去年这一比率仅有30。日本知识分子中认为中国经济的发展有利于日本的比率从去年的658上升到今年的814调查发现，两国在东亚事务、贸易和投资、能源以及环境和气候变化方面的合作是中日两国人民最关心的，他们期待两国领导人在双边会议上能够就此加强对话。两国大多数人民普遍认为内部交流是改善两国关系的重要途径。中国907的学生和857的普通民众以及日本958的知识分子和748的普通民众都认为

34、内部交流”很重要”或是”相对重要”。调查还发现，中国和日本都是主要通过电视新闻和报纸相互了解彼此。SinoJapan Animosity Lessens Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO

35、, a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important.The survey is a part of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives fro

36、m Chinese and Japanese NGOs designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries.Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of univ

37、ersity students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the “intellectual” group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35.7 percent said they have “very good” or “relatively good” impressions of Japan, a 5.5-percentage-point increase co

38、mpared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however.Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese re

39、lations were “important” and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64.8 percent of those ordinary peop

40、le and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year.Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues, visi

41、ts by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine, and the Nanjing Massacre.Perceptions on economic and trade relations, have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been “helpful” this year in fighting the global economic crisis compared with just 30 percent last yearThe pe

42、rcent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 658 percent to 8 14 percent this yearCooperation in East Asian issues，trade and investment，energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan

43、want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings，the survey foundCivil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations907 percent of the students and 857 percent of the ordinary people in China and 958of intellectuals and 748of the or

44、dinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as “important” or “relatively important”Chinese and Japanese both learn about each others countries mostly through television news and newspapers，the survey found第六篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行乘长途汽车旅行与看电视倒很像。旅行有开始，中途和结尾，每隔三四分钟都会看到各种商业广告这些商业广告是不可避免的，不受你的意志左右，大约每过几分钟就会有一块广

45、告牌从窗外闪过。比如“买超洁净牙膏”“饮格威特露啤酒”“请用和平汽油”等等。就像看电视时，只有你关机才不会听到那些广告词，些时，你只有睡着了才不致受那些没完没了的“你需要它，现在就来买吧！”的吵闹。旅行刚开始是蛮舒服的，甚至有点令人兴奋，即使你以前曾沿此路线旅行过。通常会有不少变化，新的房室，新的高楼，有时甚至会有一段新的道路。司机有自己的开车方式，开始一、二小时计算车速挺有趣的。如果碰上一个特别粗心大意或胆大的司机，那乘车就会像读扣人心弦的故事一样让人兴奋。司机能及时超过那辆卡车吗？司机开车进左手还是右手车道呢？当然，过了一会儿兴奋也就没了。小睡片刻对过好途中几个小时是很有帮助的。而食物则会

46、让旅程更加有趣，不过吃食物的时候，千万别吃太多咸食，那样你会很口渴。旅程的最后倒有点像刚开始。知道自己快下车了，你满怀期望和兴奋。当然，随着时间一小时一小时过去，座位变得越来越硬，此刻，你交叉着双腿，把手放在扶手上，甚至你会把双手交叉托于脑后。旅行就要结束了，不再有其他坐的方式。TV Shows and Long Bus TripsLong bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle and an endwith commercials thrown in every three or four mi

47、nutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. “But Super Clean Toothpaste.” “Drink Golden Wet Root Beer.” “Fill up with Pacific Gas.” Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television

48、set off, are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It! But It Now! ”The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if youve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changednew houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving a

49、nd its fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left-handed lane? After a while, of course, the excitement d

50、ies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But youve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops. The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it

51、 will soon be over and theres a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now youve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the arm restseven with your hands crossed behind your head. The end co

52、mes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit. 第七篇 现代日光浴者人们出外观光旅游的原因有许多，一些旅游者去看古战场或是宗教圣殿；一些旅游者去追寻文化之源或是仅仅在名胜之地请人给他照几张相。但大多数欧洲游客愿意寻找阳光充足的海滩洒日光浴。北欧人心甘情愿花大笔钱，容忍诸多不便去获得阳光，因为阳光对他们来说太难得了。由于冬季白天很短，像伦敦、哥本哈根和阿姆斯特丹的居民在冬季的大部分时间里，都是在昏暗中度过的，而其余的季节又都是阴雨连绵。这就是地中海地区成为人们向往之地的原因。每年夏天，有2500多万旅游者来到地中海的

53、一些旅游胜地和海滨度假。他们都是为了同一个原因而来：日光！众多原因的游客意味着为地中海地区的国家带来巨大的经济财富。每年夏季，意大利的3万多家旅馆全部客满，而且还有1300多万的游客要在法国的海滩，公园和路边宿营。西班牙那漫长的海岸线更成了众多旅游者慕名前往的地方，每年有1700多万游客，换句话说，旅游者与西班牙居民人数相当，即1:1。但是，有一些迹象表明，旅游业的发展已超过该地区的承受能力。地中海已成了地球上污染最严重的海洋。而随着游客的增多，情况变得更糟。法国人想不出什么好办法来处理宿营在圣特罗佩周围的那些游客所丢掉的废物垃圾。而且在许多地方因为海水受到了污染，游泳已成为一种危险的运动。然

54、而，这些都没有破坏人们的兴致。每年到地中海观光的游客越来越多。很显然，他们不是为了清洁的海水和清静自在而前往的。他们忍受着交通堵塞的煎熬，而且似乎很喜欢拥挤的海滩。他们甚至不在乎污染。不管海水是怎样的污浊不堪，海岸线看起来仍是那么美。只要有阳光照耀，总要比坐在伦敦、柏林或奥斯陆的凄风冷雨中好得多。Modern Sun WorshippersPeople travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. Others are looking for culture, or

55、 simply want to have their picture taken in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on. Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents of cities like

56、 London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them. Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beache

57、s for their vacation. They all come for the same reason: sun! The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. Italys 30, 000 hotels are booked solid every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches, parks, and roadsides. Spains long sandy coastline attr

58、acts more people than anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit yearly, or one tourist for every person living in Spain. But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism that it can handle. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. And with increased tourism, its getting worse. The French cant figure out what to do with all the garbage left by cam