2020高考高三英语二轮复习语法专项之定语从句

1、定语从句.考情分析，命题探究2015-2019年定语从句考情一览表题型20192018201720162015I II IIIIIIIIII II IIII I IIIII II语法填空0 111101 111 0 11 0改错0 011000 0 10 0 00 0观近五年全国卷高考试题，定语从句仍是近五年高考考查热点。 对定语从句的考 查主要集中在对关系代词、关系副词的的选用及判断以及非限制性定语从句的考 查上。二.真体演练，品味高考1. （2019全国卷 III） They were well trained by their masters who had great experien

2、ce with caring for these animals.2. （2019 全国卷 II） Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5Pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,which she opened with her late husband Les.3. （2019 全国卷 III）（改错）In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them.4. （201

3、8 全国卷 I）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014,which showed a mere five to 10. minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.5（2018 全国卷 II） The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government star

4、ted a soil-testing programthat/whichgives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7. 7 million tons.6 . （2018 全国卷 I）（改错）They also had a small pondn which/where they raised fish.7 . （2017 全国卷 I） Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, which i

5、s not good for the health.8 .（2017全国卷 II）（改错）In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.9 . （2017 全国卷 III）（改错）Around me in the picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time.10 . （2017全国卷 III） But s

6、arahwho has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.11 .（2016全国卷 III） Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confuciuwho lived from roughly 551- to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.12 . （2016 全国卷 I） But my connection

7、 with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.13 . （2015全国卷 I） Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops a

8、nd dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.14 .（2019 汪苏卷）We have entered into an agevhen dreams have the best chance of coming true.15 .（2019 天津卷）Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.16 .（2018 汪苏卷）Self-dr

9、iving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.17 .（2018 北京卷）She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.18 . （2017 北京卷）The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.19 .（2017 天津卷）My eldest s

10、on, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.20 .（2017 江苏卷）In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.21 .（2017 浙江卷）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbis

11、h and was spread over the gardenwhere it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted 任长）through it.22 . （2019 1匕京卷）The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engagedin academiclife, taking full advantageof the colleges chances and resources23 .（2019 浙江卷）On th

12、e edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dark.三.考点总结，查漏补缺知识点一：定语及定语从句翻译句子，画出句子的定语成分。（l）The girl behind the treeis kate.The girl who is behind the treeis kate. The mandriving too fast was a drunk.The manwho was driving too fast was a drunk.（3） Most of the peop

13、le invited to the party were famous scientists.Most of the people who were invited to the party were from South Africa. You need someoneto look after you.You need someonewho can look after you. She has a gardenmuch larger than yours.She has a gardewhich is much larger than yours.小结：定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词

14、或代词的从句的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词:被定语从何修饰的词 叫先行词。关系词 引导定语从句的词 叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。头系代词有 that, which,who, whom, whose 等； 关系副词有 when, where, why 等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：引号定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：The women who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.该句中,who are speaking at the meeting are famou

15、s scientis屋定语从句，修饰先行 词the women,who是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the women,在定语从句 中作主语。知识点二：关系代词引导的定语从句翻译句子，画出定语从句，圈出关系词并分析其功能。 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. I like those books whose topics are about history.(4) Football is a game which is like

16、d by most boys. He is such a personas is respected by all of us. This is the same penas I lost yesterday. The film( which/that ) they went to see last nightwas not interesting at all. 总结：关系词类别关系词先行词充当从句中的句子成 分关系代词who人主，宾，表whom人宾which物主，宾，表that人或物主，宾，表as人或物主，宾，表whose人或物士 7E注意：定语从句在下列情况下只能用that,而不能用wh

17、ich指物。(指人时可以 用 who/whom)1 .当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.2 .当先行词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little,much 等代词时，或当先行词受 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, muchly代 词修饰时。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?3 .当先行词被

18、the very, the only, the same, the 1as例布时。如：After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.4 .当先行词是 who,或which引导的主句时。如：Who is the man jhat is standing by the gate?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5 .当先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked about the persons and things that they rememb

19、ered at school.知识点三：关系副词引导的定语从句翻译句子，画出定语从句，圈出关系词并分析其功能。 China is the only Cuntry where wild pandas can be found. I still remember the time when I lived in the countryside. Do you know the reason whyhe is absent?关系词类别关系词先行词充当从句中的句子成分where地点状关系副词when时间状whyreason状Ex:a. She won t forget the dayhat/which

20、/ she spent on the islands.She won t forget the days when they stayed together.b.The teacher didn t know the reason she was absent yesterday.The tearcher couldn t accept the rehatorwhich/ she explained yesterday.c.This is the parkthat/ which/ w*visited last year. This is the park where we held a bir

21、thday party.总结：1 .关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、花语_。关系副词在定语从句中作 状语。2 .如何选用定语从句的关系词(1)首先分清主句和从句。(2)确定定语从句修饰的先行词，指人还是指物。(3)(代入法)把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中所做成分(主语，宾 语，定语或状语)(4)若先行词在从句中做 主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做 状语, 则选择关系副词。知识点四：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1 .介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时，位于介词之后的关系代词只能是 which或 whom,构成介词+which (指物)；介词+who

22、m (指人)两种结构。Ex: The service about that the students complain a lot should be improve改错) He is a library assistant from who I borrowed some books.改错)2 . 代词 whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+ which / whom 或of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构; of 表所属关系。(1) I live in a room whose windows are all broken.=I live in a ro

23、om of which the windows are all broken.=I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.(2) This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.=This is my teacherthe handwriting of whom is excellent.=This is my teacherof whom the handwriting is excellent.3.关系副词 when, where, why可以相应地转化为介词+ which”

24、结构。(l)This is the house wherein whichI lived two years ago. Do you remember the day whenon which you joined our club?(3) I don t know the reasohywfor which he said so.4 .介词+关系代词引导的定语从句前常有不定代词some, any, none, both, all,many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, on巡修饰。 He loves his parents d

25、eep曲oth of whom (他们俩) are very kind to him. Up to now, he has written ten storiesthree of which (其中 3 本)are about country life.5 .介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中， 介词的确定常常遵循以下三原则1.介词 与先行词的关系2.从句谓语动词的搭配3.整个句子表达的意思。简称 工先，二 动，三意义”。(l)This is the caewhich I bought last year. This is the carfor which I paid 100$.(3) This

26、 is the caron which I spent 100$.(4) This is the carin which I go to work every day.(5) This is the carwithout which I can t go to work. This is the carby which the old woman was knocked down. This is the carat which a boy threw a stone.(8) This is the carabout which we talked.(9) This is the carof

27、which the window was broken.6.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后， 不提前：(1) He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for. The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30知识点五：非限制性定语从句1 .限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别观察以下句子，完成下列表格。限制性定语从句：The teacher told me that Tom was the onl

28、y person that I could depend on.China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句：China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.Last summer I visited Great Hall of the people, in which many important meetings are held everyyear.He didn t pass the exam, which surprised us.总结

29、：区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式与主句之间不用逗号隔开与主句之间有逗号隔开功能对先行词进行 限定、修饰。如果省去 从句部分剩余部分意义便不完整、 不 明确对先行词作 附加说明。去掉后，句子 剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确先行词名词、代词或名词词组名词、名词词组或整个主句引导词所有美系词除that和why之外的关系词翻译先译从句再译先行词主句从句分别翻译2 . As与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只放在上句的后面位置灵活，可放在主旬之 前、之后或中间搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉 或心理活动的动词，如 see, hear, know, expect, r

30、emember 等意思上意为这一点”意为正如，正像.的那样”Ex:AS is often the case, Girls like dolls while boys like guns.Jack has won the first prize,as it often happens. He changed his mind againwhich made us all angry.知识点六：定语从句用法的其他注意事项1 .关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。Do you know the girl is talking with your mother?(误)The boy you saw

31、 just now is Tom sjbr)other.(2 .定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致。Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.3 .当先行词受the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定 语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dre

32、ssihoi she wore at Mary s wedding穿着她在玛丽婚礼 上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dresas her younger sister wore 她穿 着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。4 .当先行词是当先行词是 way(意为 方式、方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词有下 列三种形式。如：What surprised me was not what he said but the way that/in whichF埴 he said it.Ex:The way which he explained to us was quite simpl

33、eThe way in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.5 .先行词是time时若time作 次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that 可省略;若time作 匚段时间，时代”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+ which 引导定语从句。 I could hardly remember how many times( that)I ve failed. This is the second time(that)the President has visited

34、 the country. This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.6 .当先行词是 situation, occasion, point(地步,程度),case(情况,例子),position (职位，位置)，scene (场景)等表示抽象 地点”的名词作先行词时，若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时应用关系代词 which, that来引导；若从句中缺少地 点作状语时，用关系副词 where来引导定语从句。(1) Measure must be taken t

35、o change the situatiowhere it is unfavourable to us.(2) Can you think out a situationwhich/that can agree with what he has said ?(3) He has reached a stagwher he had to give up smoking. He has reached a stagw hich/that is important to his whole life.知识点七：定语从句语其他句型的区别1 .定语从句与名词性从句的区别a.(l )The fact th

36、at/which she told me yesterday is very important.The fact that she has known the result of the examination is clear.b.(l) It is known to all that the earth is round. As is known to all,the earth is round.(3)what is known to us all is that the earth is round2 .定语从句与强调句型的区别(1) It was a roomwhere we us

37、ed to have meeting. It was in the room that we used to have meeting.3 .定语从句与并列句的区别(1) Mr li has three daughters,none owhom is an engineer. Mr li has three daughters,but none 0fhem is an engineer. Mr li has three daughtersThey are doctors.4 .定语从句与状语从句的区别a. He left the key where he had been an hour ag

38、o. He left the place where he lived for many years.b. He is such a good teacheas we all love and respect.(2) He is such a good teachethat we all love and respect him.四.模拟训练，运用自如1. After living in Australia for many years, Louise finally returned to the country where she was born.2. There are many go

39、od websites where you can check out the latest in the science world.3. Another saying which has come from the fable is “God helps those who help themselves. ”4. Then Needham began his lifelong research, which ended up creating the greatest workScience and civilizationin China.5. His interest started

40、 a few years ago,when he was in college and studying wildlife science.6. There are perhaps 40 million competitive table tennis players and many ordinary people who play less seriously.7. No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmastewho helped me out simply by listenin

41、g and hugging.8. Finally, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite where their parents were waiting.9. On looking at the spowherethe bird had risen, I saw two eggs.10. The heart-warming story began in September last year when a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her s

42、ix-year-old son.11. In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down, which is the result of the competition with online bookstores.12. For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent ofwhich were set up b

43、y local doctors13. He was also the one who founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959.14. Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads will be built and the Metro system will be expanded,which can reduce traffic jams.15. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lu

44、nch and dinerwhich might not be served until 8 o clock at night.16. Bob is in a hopeless situationwhich we will keep a very close eye on.17. Take an active part in the activities you enjoywhere you can make many friends.18. Those who can achieve high grades in class tend to be weak in handling some

45、practical problems, as is often the case.19. Kate, whose sister I shared a house with when we were at college, has gone abroad in Australia.20. Over the years, I have met some interesting people. Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters, Joan and Bernice,whoseway of talking about

46、people inspired me.1. .I will never forget such a beautiful village where I spent mychildhood with my grandparents.22. There they met people from other parts of the country, who had also volunteered to help.whtothfosetheir seats to the23. I have made a habit of saying Thank you fellow passengers on

47、public transport.24. The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.25. To me, the debating community is a great placewhere people help each other not only becausethey reterested in a higher cause, but becausethey care about how people from different ba

48、ckgrounds can lead better lives.26. The documentary is about the people whose job is to repair the relics in the museum.27. This woman has set a good example to her sowho is a really lucky guy.28. The shelterwhich is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkoks night market, has be

49、come an attraction itself.29. The old man turned his business over to his younger son,which made his elder son discouraged.改错：1. One day I picked up a book, which was about seven habits of highly successful teenagers.2. It s a black square suitcasech is just as big as a schoolbag3. When I was12, I m

50、et Mary. She came to China with her parents, who taught English in a university.4. A blog will be opened on the website of our school, which aims to help students to communicate better.5. As was known to all, the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.6. Above all, they hosted an Am

51、erican student last year, through which they gained lots of experience.7. From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that/which helps us to seek the truth.8. On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm on which/where we learned to plant potatoes.9. There are many pr

52、oblems when I am abroad alone,especially when I am in the Czech Republic,whose official language is not English.10. I am a 25- year-old young man who graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.11. There are many peoplewho think/thinking that wealth is better than health.12.

53、He thanked me and jumped quickly in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someonevho needed it.13. At noon, we play Room Escape,an interesting gamewhich/that challenged our IQ and teamwork.14. Besides, we should actively participate in some activities that are related to

54、 reading, where we can not only get our knowledge enriched but also gain a lot of pleasure.语篇填空There was a time when I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reasonwhy my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior h

55、igh school. When I first came to the club, where I met many strangers. I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guidewhose teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face-to-face, fromwhich I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me, and we got alon