高中英语选修八Unit 03 A

1、Inventors and Inventors and inventionsinventions-Unit 3-Unit 31. Do you know what are the four inventions in ancient China?black-white television 1923 colour television 19402. what these inventions are and when they were invented?photocopier / duplicator 1937air conditioner 1902penicillin 1928electr

2、onic digital computer 1942atomic bomb 1945credit cards 1950InventorsWhat are they famous for?What are they famous for?NewtongravitydiscoveredBenjamin Franklinflash is electricity.discoveredStephenson the traininventedradiumMadame CuriediscoveredZhang Heng the seismograph地动仪地动仪 inventedInvention or d

3、iscovery? Discuss in pairs which pictures below show inventions and which show discoveries. An amphibious carStephensons “Rocket”DNAAn amphibious car (2003)This is the first car that can travel safely on water and on land. When moving on water, the wheels of the car turn sideways and move into the b

4、ody. The underneath of the car is strong enough to sail as a boat. It is a prototype (蓝本蓝本) and is not yet being produced for sale. This is an interesting modern invention.Stephensons “Rocket” (1781-1848) George Stephenson was one of the first men to design engines for the railways which were new at

5、 that time. One of the first tracks to be laid was between Stockton and Darlington. Stephenson was one of the first railway engineers and in 1825 he drove the first train along the line. Its his great invention.The structure of DNAThis was a discovery of Francis Crick and James Watson and published

6、in 1953. These two scientists were the first to show that our genes consist of two spirals of DNA .This work led directly to the human genome project in 2003, which discovered the structure of DNA. Its a great discovery.An invention is _. A discovery is_ _ _.already existing in nature but not yetkno

7、wnfinding out somethingnot existing before creating somethingWhats the connection between discovery and invention?Discoveries often lead to inventions.Work out two rules:Work out two rules:Patent Applying for a patent 2. Finding a problem 3. Doing research 4. Testing solution 5. Thinking of a creati

8、ve solution 6. Deciding on the invention Look at the list below and work out a suitable order.Patent office (专利局专利局) plays the role of deciding what is an invention and what is not. And only inventions can get patents and so be recognized and protected.patentsUnit 3Unit 3The Problem of the SnakesThe

9、 Problem of the Snakes courtyard walnut distinguish merciful product powder perfume stainlessn. 院子；庭院；天井院子；庭院；天井n. 胡桃；胡桃木胡桃；胡桃木vi. & vt. 显示显示差别；差别；使使有所不同；辨别有所不同；辨别adj. 宽大的；仁慈的宽大的；仁慈的n. 产品产品n. 粉末；火药粉末；火药n. 香水；香味香水；香味adj. 无锈的；没有污点的无锈的；没有污点的Words preview cube cubic abrupt abruptly convenient caution ex

10、pectation passive n. 立方体；立方立方体；立方adj. 立方的立方的adj. 突然的；意外的突然的；意外的adv. 突然地；唐突地突然地；唐突地adj. 便利的；方便的便利的；方便的n. 小心；谨慎小心；谨慎n. 预料；期待；期望预料；期待；期望adj. 被动的；消极的；被动的；消极的； 被动语态的被动语态的Words preview merrymerrilyseize criterion valid file adj. 愉快的；高兴的愉快的；高兴的adv.高兴地；愉快地高兴地；愉快地vt. 抓住；捉住；夺抓住；捉住；夺n. 标准；尺度标准；尺度adj. 有效的；确凿的有效

11、的；确凿的n. 文件；档案；文件夹文件；档案；文件夹vt. 提交；把提交；把归档归档Words preview call up now and then set about 给给打电话打电话偶尔；有时偶尔；有时开始；着手开始；着手Expressions preview2. How many possible approaches did the author decide on catching snakes? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five3. The writer succeeded in catching the snakes in the _ attem

12、pt. A. first B. second C. third D. fourthReading Comprehension1.Whats the main idea of the text?The text narrates the problem of the snakes and presents the procedures of catching them and applying for a patent. call up给给 now and then make ones home get rid of a chance forto do distinguish oneself l

13、iving creatures be designed to do a new approach set about doing / set out to do be prepared with decide on attractinto a trap an ice-cream maker on top of给给打电话打电话, 叫醒叫醒, 使回忆起使回忆起时而时而, 有时有时安家安家除掉除掉某人做某人做的机会的机会显扬自己，使自己扬名显扬自己，使自己扬名生物生物旨在做旨在做一种新方法一种新方法着手开始做着手开始做做好了做好了准备准备决定决定 把把引进陷阱引进陷阱一个做冰激凌的器具一个做冰激凌的

14、器具在在上方上方Useful expressions 用用把整个罩住把整个罩住 像以前那样像以前那样 第二天一大早第二天一大早 小心翼翼地小心翼翼地 俯身俯身, 屈身屈身 改进方案改进方案 在预料之中在预料之中 一切按计划进行一切按计划进行, 由于由于的督促的督促, 给与给与认可认可, 此外此外, 填表填表, 向向提交提交 某人的银行余额某人的银行余额 祝祝好运好运cover the whole thing withas beforeearly the next morningwith great cautionbent downimprove ones designbe in the exp

15、ectationall go according to planbe pressed byget recognition forin additionfill in the formfilewithones bank balancewish luck In this passage, the writer wants to encourage the readers to consider carefully the problems in daily life. The writer was successful in catching the snakes in the second at

16、tempt. An inventor can easily get the patent for the invention. The writer collected the passive snakes at his third attempt. If you have a scientific theory or mathematical model, you can get a patent. If your inventions pass the test, your application for a patent will be published 17 months from

17、the date you apply.Divide the text into four parts and work out the main idea for each part.Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IV(Para.1)The discovery of the problem of the snakes.(Paras. 2-3)The research on the approaches to solve the problem.(Paras. 4-6)The attempts to catch the snakes.(Paras. 7-8)The req

18、uirement of getting a patent.Reading Comprehension IIIRead and answer the questions. P.211. What was the mother upset about?A family of snakes had made their home near her house.2. Why was the writer happy to help her mother?She had an opportunity to help her mother and invent something to catch the

19、 snakes3. What are the three creative steps that the writer takes to catch the snakes without hurting them?Step 1: She used a ice-cream maker and some ice cubes to cool them so as to catch the sleepy snakes easily. Step2: As above she did the same but placed the bowls over the snakes habitat in the

20、evening.Step3: As above but added a net to catch the snakes.4. Why did cooling make the snakes less active?Snakes are cold-blooded creatures, they get warmth from the sun and at night have no way of keeping warm in their bodies. Language points1. every inventor must go through before theygo through

21、(1) 经历经历 (2) 通过通过 (3) 审阅审阅 (4) 翻找翻找 (5) 穿过穿过, 通通过过Most families went through a lot of sufferings in the war.The plan did not go through.The teacher has gone though my composition.Mother went through the drawer for her glasses.The train went through the tunnel.read through 通读通读 look through 浏览浏览flow

22、through 流过流过 get through 通过通过, 接通接通,使使成功成功2. When I called up my mother in the countrycall up 给给打电话打电话, 叫醒叫醒, (使使)回忆起回忆起Call me up immediately if anything urgent happens there. (ring up)Mom, Ill take a nap. Please call me up at two oclock. (wake up)The old photo calls up memories of my childhood. (r

23、ecall)I really cant call up where I put my cell phone.call back 叫某人回来叫某人回来; 再访再访; 回电话回电话call for 需要需要; 要求要求; 接接(人或物人或物) call in 邀请邀请; 请来请来call on拜访拜访(人人);号召号召 call at 拜访拜访(某地某地)3. Snakes come near the house now and then, (every) now and (every) then有时有时, 时而时而, 不时不时 (sometimes)Now and then I go to wa

24、tch a football game.from time to time 有时有时; 不时不时 (every) now and again 时而时而;不不时时from now on 从现在开始从现在开始 just now 刚才刚才4. a chance for me to distinguish myselfdistinguish vt. & vi. 辨别辨别, 区别区别Can you distinguish the twins apart?(常与常与from, between连用连用) 区别；区分区别；区分It is hard to distinguish him from his bro

25、ther. Can you distinguish between those two objects? vt. 显扬自己显扬自己, 使自己扬名使自己扬名Jack is fond of distinguish himself before girls. (show off)Hawking distinguished himself in physics. (make oneself famous)be distinguished by 以以为特征为特征 be distinguished for 因因超群超群distinguished adj. 著名著名/出名的出名的 distinguishab

26、le adj. 可区可区别的别的 distinguishing adj.有区别的有区别的5. inventing anything merciful that would catchmerciful adj. 仁慈的仁慈的, 温和的温和的; 宽厚的宽厚的 He is known as a merciful man. mercy n. 宽容宽容, 怜悯怜悯, 仁慈仁慈 幸运之事幸运之事, 侥幸侥幸Fire and water have no mercy.Its a mercy that the accident happened so close to the hospital.have mer

27、cy on / show mercy to 怜悯怜悯; 对对表示同情表示同情at the mercy of 任任摆布摆布, 在在前毫无办法前毫无办法, 在在.的掌控中的掌控中They were lost at sea at the mercy of wind and weather.in ones mercy 出于恻隐之心出于恻隐之心 with mercy仁慈地仁慈地without mercy 残忍地残忍地, 毫不留情地毫不留情地6. I set about researchingset about doing = set out to do 着手着手/开始做开始做(某事某事) The sch

28、ool has set about solving / set out to solve the problem.set out的另一个意思为的另一个意思为“动身动身”， “出发出发”，后面长跟，后面长跟介词介词forThey have set out (= set off ) for Shanghai.set aside 把把放置一旁放置一旁, 不理会不理会; 取消取消, 驳回驳回; 留出留出set down 降落降落,制定制定, 确定确定, 记下记下, 写下写下7. , which freezes hard when cooled. ,when cooled = when it is co

29、oledPlease give him a hand if (it is) necessary.Once (he is) left alone, the baby begins to cry.Unless (they are) given an order, the police wont take an action.8.They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.abrupt adj.突然的突然的; 意外的意外的; 唐突的唐突的, 鲁莽的鲁莽的I dont know the cause of his abrupt

30、 leave. He made an abrupt decision.She always sounds abrupt on the telephone. abruptly adv.突然地突然地, 唐突地唐突地He woke up abruptly, as if someone had called his name.“I love you, Mary.” he said abruptly. convenient adj. 便利的，方便的便利的，方便的sth. is convenient to /for sb. 对某人方便对某人方便/适宜适宜Come at any time that is c

31、onvenient to you. It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth.方便方便(某人某人)做某事做某事Would it be convenient (for me) to see your room? 9. That was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.in the / ones expectation 在在(某人某人)意料之中意料之中It is in my expectation that he cant pass the exam.expectation n预料，期待，期望预

32、料，期待，期望beyond expectation 出乎意料出乎意料 against expectation与预料相与预料相反反in expectation of 期望期望/待待The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone.expect vt. 期望；指望；认为；预料期望；指望；认为；预料 expect to do期望做期望做expect sb. to do期望期望/要求某人做要求某人做expect so / not料想如此料想如此/不会不会than expected 比预期的比预期的expected adj. 预期的；预料的预期的；预料的

33、expectable adj. 能预期的能预期的,意料中的意料中的unexpected adj. 没有料想到的没有料想到的, 意外的意外的, 突如其来的突如其来的 unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地出乎意料地,想不到地想不到地10. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. Only 修饰状语置于句首，主句需用倒装语序。修饰状语置于句首，主句需用倒装语序。Only by working hard can we pass the exams. 11. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made to find out that your product really is different from everybody elses.以否定词以否定词no, not, never, hardly seldom 等开头引导的句子等开头引导的句子, 句子的主句要部分倒装。句子的主句要部分倒装。Never can you pass the exam if you dont d