定语从句(完整版限制性定语从句)

1、a1Grammara2说明说明本章内容可用两种学习方法。本章内容可用两种学习方法。1.学习时鼠标点击空白处学习。学习时鼠标点击空白处学习。2.可用点击图标学习，例如，可点击可用点击图标学习，例如，可点击 来进行学习。来进行学习。3.图标图标 是供奥班学生或有能力的学生学习。是供奥班学生或有能力的学生学习。a3Attributive clause (限制性定语从句限制性定语从句) 先行词和关系词先行词和关系词定语从句定语从句 关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句 关系代词的使用方法关系代词的使用方法 定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项 附加部分附加部分习题习题a4 定语定语可以

2、由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定语从句定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词名词或代词代词的句子句子叫定语从句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.a5先行词和关系词先行词和关系词q先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词先行词：被定语从

3、句修饰的词叫先行词。q关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。q先行词、关系词先行词、关系词/引导词引导词对等对等 代替代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行词先行词关系词关系词 bikeq关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。语从句中充当某种成分。a6关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句q普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister

4、I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q普通代词普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例只起代替的作用（如上例she)q关系代词关系代词： （如上例（如上例who/which） 1. 除了除了代替代替先行词外，先行词外，担任担任一定的一定的成分成分，3. 同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来）a7 说明如下说明如下vThe building is our school.+The building stands by the river.= The building which/t

5、hat stands by the river is our school. 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 从句从句 which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。v 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在

6、先行词之后，而且它的而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.(主句主句) The woman is my mother(从句从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.主语是单数a8 The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists. (主句主句)The women are famous scientists. (从句从句)The

7、women are speaking at the meeting.主语是复数 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤 :v 首先，要辨别出先行词。首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用关系词可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系词可能用关系词可能用which或或thatv 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of whichv 最后，要

8、确定关系代词的人称和数最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句请看以上例句)a9v注意注意q 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时叙述客观事实用一般现在时) (从句从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)v定语从句的辨认（定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）思考步骤） 找

9、出先行词找出先行词 a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。 b.确定定语从句的位置确定定语从句的位置 确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格 确定从句的时态确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）（定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）a10关系代词的使用方法关系代词的使用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that can

10、 fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost? a11 2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作

11、主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。 ( which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。） 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets. 2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The film which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very

12、 wonderful. 3. who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(thatwho,whom,可作主语或宾语) 1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.a12 2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met

13、 yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday.4.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。q I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.qIll call a person. His father knows you. Ill call a person whose father knows you.qPlease show me the book . Its cove

14、r is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.a131)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there.

15、 She is the girl 省略 I went with there.注意: 固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at v关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物, 和和whom代人代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)a14 3 )The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room

16、 in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here

17、are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.a15 定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项v 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修饰时修饰时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever h

18、eard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词不定代词时时,只能用只能用that. Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that引出从句引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some

19、pictures(that) I see.a164.先行词是先行词是one of,the one, 或用或用little,few, no, all,any 作修饰，用作修饰，用that Is it the one that you want ?We havent got much that we can offer you.5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时，关系词用时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?v从例句中看出，从

20、例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以在许多情况下可以通用通用，但，但有时宜用有时宜用 用用who,而而不用不用that1.先行词是先行词是one(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用who There is an old man who

21、 wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.a17附加部分附加部分 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 数种作用。数种作用。o 在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o在句中在句中作状语作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。 关系副词关系副词有有三种三种： where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点. ( on/in/at

22、which) when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/ inwhich) why: 在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。 a18关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法： 1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）先行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt

23、 clean The hotel 关系词略关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean . at the hotel. We stayedthere.先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句从句从句共有五个共有五个不同的句不同的句子来表达。子来表达。a192.when的用法：的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词）先行词应是表示时间的名词） Ill never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语口语) Ill never

24、 forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.从从句句3.why的用法：的用法： ( 表示原因的名词表示原因的名词) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a p

25、arty 略 在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。 a20 Exerc sesI.Rewrite the sentencesII.Choose the best answersI.把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen.2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike?3.The student didnt agree with us.The studen

26、t was standing under the tree.4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now.5.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday.6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground.The little girl whose mone

27、y had been stolen was crying on the street.Have you seen the bike whose colour is green.The student who was standing under the tree didnt agree with us.Where is the man who talked with you just now?The watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice. The book( that/which) you lent me yesterday i

28、s very interesting. The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teachera228. The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday. 9. Im reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese” 10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.11.He used to live in a house.In front o

29、f it grew many apple trees.12.This is the room. We lived in it last year.13.The children are very healthy. She is looking after them.14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my friend. Im reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese” He wor

30、ks in a school near which there is a big store .This is the room (that/which)we lived in last year.This is the room in which /where we lived last year.The children (who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy.I know the boy who/that can speak English wellHe used to live in a house in front o

31、f which grew many apple treesa2315.The season is summer.It comes after spring.16.The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday.17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it. 18.I know the boy.You are looking for him.19.This is the town.He was born in the town. 20.We arrived here on the day.Do you r

32、emember it?The season which comes after spring is summer.The man (whom /that)I spoke to yesterday was American.The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.I cant find the house (which /that) my friend lives in.I cant find the house in which /where my friend lives.I know the boy (whom/who/that) yo

33、u are looking for.This is the town (which/that) he was born in.This is the town in which/where he was born.Do you remember the day( that/which) we arrived here on?Do you remember the day on which we arrived here?Do you remember the day when we arrived here?a24II.单项选择。 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful p

34、ark_built about 300 years ago.3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle.5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.

35、that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D/10.The man_is smoking is a ta

36、ilor. A.whom B.who C.which D.what _ACBDBCCAABa2511Which animal is your favourite? The one _has a long neck.13.The high building _is a big hotel. A.that he is looking B.which he is looking C.we are looking at D.at that we are looking15.In the afternoon well visit the high school _is very famous here.

37、 A.which B.where C.it D./16.The fox _ the chickens were killed was shot. A.that B.which C.for that D.by which17.The computer _can store a lot of information is widely used today.18.Is this the bookstore_you visited yesterday? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one19.Yesterday they saw the man and the d

38、og _ran after each other on the road.20.Shanghai is the place in _he was born.BCCCADBACAa2621.Do you know the man _is painting the house?22.The hospital _was built last year will open soon. A.where B.which C.who D./23.This is the elephant _left ear was shot.24.The hospital _his father works in is a

39、new one.26.The man _watch was stolen is talking to the police.27The knife_I cut the apple_cant be found. A.which,in B.which ,with C.that ,by D.that ,for28.Who has taken the dictionary_ cover is broken ？ A.which B.that C.who D.whose 29.Who is the girl to _you just now talked ？30.This is the book_Im l

40、ooking for. A./ B.which C.that D.all the aboveBBDADBDBDa2731This is the only book _I bought last year. A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B32.All_Im going to do is good. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B33.The building_ roof we can see is a hospital. A.whose B.which C.whos D.at which34.This is th

41、e best book_I have read. A .that B. which C.what D.Both A and B35.This is the school_ I worked seven years ago. A.in which B.in that C.which D. that36.All the books_I put on the desk are yours. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B37.Its quite different from_I saw last mouth. A.which B.the one C that

42、 D. the one what38.Is this the river_I can swim? A.which B.that C.in which D.the one39.Watch the old lady and her dog_are crossing the street.40.Can you lend me the dictionary_the other day? A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it BAAAAABCBAa2841.The church _we saw by the river was built a century ago. A.where B.which C.what D.in which42.Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south?43.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree44This is the last time _Ill