2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习-知识排查突破-book8-unit1-a-land-of-diversity-新人教版

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book8 unit1 a land of diversity 新人教版重点识记词汇1.take in包括；吸收2.back to back背靠背3occur vi.发生；出现 4.live on继续存在；继续生存5apply for申请；请示得到 6.hire vt.& n租用；雇用7a great/good many许多；很多 8.nowhere adv.无处；到处都无9applicant n申请人 10.percentage n百分比；百分率11keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 12.m

2、ake a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等13authority n权威；权力；(pl) 当局；官方 14.slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n滑动；滑倒15thoughtful adj.关切的；体贴的；深思的 16.team up with与合作或一起工作17mark out用线画出范围；标出界线 18.grasp vt.& n抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会19reform vt.& vi.改革；革新 n改革；改造；改良 20.thankful adj.感激的；感谢的thank n& v感谢21racial adj.人种的；种族的race n种族 22.adventure

3、r n冒险家adventure v& n冒险23punishment n处罚；惩罚punish vt.惩罚 24.justice n正义；公平just adj.公平的；公正的25customs n海关；关税；进口税customer n顾客26elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举27boom n(人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期28means n手段；方法by means of.用办法；借助29majority n大多数；大半minority n(反义词)少数派；少数民族30distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的distinctio

4、n n差别；区分；卓著31immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)immigration n移民；移居入境32crossing n横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道cross vi.横过33apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地34socialist n社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的socialism n社会主义social adj.社会的；社交的 35indicate vt.指出；指示；表明；暗示indicator n指示者；指示器indication n指示；指标36fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的f

5、ascinated adj.着迷的；被深深吸引的fascinate vi.入迷 vt.使着迷，使神魂颠倒fascination n魅力；魔力；入迷必背经典句式1.However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。2That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

6、这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。3It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们相信过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有明显的种族或文化团体，而仅仅是一个许多种族和文化的混合体。4By the time Californi

7、a elected to bee the thirty­first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第三十一个联邦州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。构词记忆mercial /kml/ adj.商业的；营利性的financial /faInænl/ adj.财政的；金融的potential /ptenl/ adj.可能的；潜在的racial /reIl/ adj.种族的；人种的A语境填词1The teacher asked u

8、s to read the text carefully so as to grasp(掌握)its main idea.2Increasing numbers of people elect(选择)to work at home nowadays.3She had looked everywhere for her children，but they were nowhere(无处)to be found，which made her very worried.4Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means(方法)of pre

9、venting disease.5It occurred(产生想法)to me that I had left the door unlocked.6Theres a camping shop in town that has tents for hire(租用)at 10 a week.7The economy is beginning to boom(繁荣)in China.8She is seeing her baggage through customs(海关)at the airport.9The government is proposing tougher punishment(

10、惩罚)for corruption.10The dictionary is an authority(权威)on the meanings of words.B用所给词的适当形式填空11Apparently，she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)12All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 5th.(a

11、pply)13It is bad news for the immigrants that the UK made new laws to restrict immigration.Those who want to immigrate to the UK must fulfill more requirement.(immigrate)14He had always been against racial discrimination(歧视)，but in his country the white race and Blacks didnt have the equal rights an

12、d racism remained a touchy issue.(race)15He indicated that I should give him some indications of how I did in the test.(indicate)16Mr.Liu is a supporter of socialism；he is totally a socialist.(social).短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空live on，make a life，keep up，mix.with.，team up with，mark out，take in，apply for

13、，declare war on，occur to17The problem is how they made a life in the last few years.18Dont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.19More students are applying for aid，and more families expect to get student loans.20A volleyball court had been marked out on the grass.21They

14、 teamed up with another family to rent a house for the last summer.22Were having difficulty keeping up our mortgage payments.23She is vegetarian，so she lives on vegetable and fruit.24It didnt occur to him that the Netherlands won the champion in the World Cup.25We have declared war on students cheat

15、ing on exams.26I dont like to mix business with pleasure.B用方框内所给短语填空27He has extracted a great many examples from the grammar book.28He entered the room by means of the tree near the window.29Stand back to back and well see which of you is taller.30A majority of doctors agree that smoking is extreme

16、ly harmful to health.31In addition，daily travel allowance is 50 each.经典句式32Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。33It is most likely that the environmentalists will e to the area to investigate the possible damage caused by the serious pollution.环境保护者很有可能会到这个地区调查严重污染

17、所造成的潜在的破坏。34By the time he graduated from primary school，he had learned 1,000 words or so.到他小学毕业时为止， 他已经学会了大约1 000个单词。35It is believed that Professor Johnson has finished his second novel.人们相信约翰逊教授已完成了他的第二部小说。1 means n.方式；方法(way)；财富(wealth)；收入应试指导(1)by no means位于句首时倒装(2)by all means交际用语的用法by means o

18、f用办法；借助by all means当然可以by any means无论如何by no means绝不，一点也不Can I see it?By all means.我可以看看吗？当然可以。特别提醒(1)means作主语且有every，each，one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。(2)by no means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。夯实基础(1)选择方框内的短语填空He succeeded by means of perseverance.May I borrow your bicycle?By all means.Sh

19、e is by no means an inexperienced teacher.(2)By no means is she an inexperienced teacher.(把上题句改为倒装句)2 occur vi.发生(happen)；存在(exist)；出现；(想法)产生(e into ones mind)多词一义occur，happen，e about，take placesth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起；某人发生某事It occurs to sb.that./to do.某人突然想起The crash occurred only minutes after the

20、plane took off.空难在飞机起飞几分钟后就发生了。Didnt it occur to you that he was lying?你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？思考表示“某人想起”的短语还有：sth.strike/hit sb.，sb.hit/strike on sth.，sthe to sb.，sthe into ones mind等。夯实基础语法填空(1)An idea occurred to me.(2)An idea came into my mind.(3)I hit/struck on an idea.(4)It suddenly occurred to me that I

21、hadnt locked my door.3 mark v.做记号；留下痕迹；弄污；n.污点；符号mark down记下；降低的价格(分数)mark out画线；标出的界限mark.with.用在某物上作标记,be marked with标有的标志Prices are marked on the goods.价格标在商品上。Mark the frame with your postcode.在这一格里写上你的邮政编码。夯实基础(1)用mark out，mark down的适当形式填空When planting seedlings I prefer to mark out the rows in

22、 advance.I tend to forget things unless I mark them down.(2)语法填空Marked(mark) with a special mark，its easy to recognize.Youd better have your book marked with your name.4 make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生e to life变得更有趣；变得活跃live/lead a.life过着的生活e back to life苏醒过来，恢复生气bring.back to life使苏醒过来start a new life开

23、始新的生活We make a living by what we get，but we make a life by what we give.我们靠所得来谋生，但靠给予来创造生活。To our surprise，he came to life soon.令我们惊奇的是，他很快苏醒了。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)He believes he can bring her back to life.(2)After a while the sick man came back to life.(3)They went to the West and decided to make a lif

24、e there.5 take in吸收(absorb)；欺骗(cheat)；包括在内(include or cover)；收留(allow sb. to stay in)；领会，理解；观看应试指导take短语语境词义辨析take off起飞；脱下；迅速流行take to喜欢；亲近；适应take.for granted认为理所当然,take over接管；继承；支配take apart拆开，拆卸take on呈现；雇用take out拿出，取出；除去The monastery has taken in 26 refugees.修道院已经收留了26位难民。Lesley explains possi

25、ble treatments but you can tell shes not taking it in.莱斯利解释了各种可行的疗法，不过，你可以看出来，她并没有领会。夯实基础写出下列句子中take in的汉语意思(1)He certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in Mexico.欺骗(2)Gazing up into his eyes，she seemed to take in all he said.领会，理解(3)He persuaded Jo to take him in.收留(4)They will

26、 certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.吸收(5)I was wondering if you might want to take in a movie with me this evening.观看1 California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加利福尼亚是美国第三大州，但有最多的人口。the third修饰largest，意为“第三大的”。形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，n

27、ot quite等词修饰。Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.亚洲是世界上最大的洲。夯实基础翻译句子(1)在所有学生中，杰克的数学几乎是最好的。Of all the students，Jack is almost the best in maths.(2)海南岛是中国第二大岛。Hainan is Chinas second largest island./Hainan is the second largest island of China.2 By the time California elected to bee the

28、thirty­first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。(1)by the time从句，意为“当的时候”，只是说过去某个时候的状况，主句常用过去时，而不用完成时，本句就是如此。(2)by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到时候为止”。by the time一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。by the time一般现在时，主句常用现在完成时或将来完成时。(3)by时间状语，主句的谓语

29、动词也应用相应的完成时形式。By the time he returned almost a year later，his belongings and neighborhood were destroyed.等到大概一年之后他回到家乡，他的亲戚和邻居都已经不在了。By the time he was twelve，he had learned mathematics all by himself.到他12岁时，他已经自学了数学。夯实基础语法填空(1)Mr.Mat had been persuaded(persuade) to give up smoking in the office by

30、the time he started his new job.(2)We will have learned(learn) Book 8 by the end of next month.(3)By now，people have realized(realize) its importance.3单元语法用合适的引导词填空使下列句子成为名词性从句(1)Who will attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.(2)I believe whoever takes part in the petition will try his best.(3)T

31、he question remains whether they will be able to help us.(4)I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak louder.(5)His mother is satisfied with what he has done.高考题组.阅读填空(xx·新课标全国)The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them

32、 well no matter what the future holds.1CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?2CreativityTrue creati

33、vity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others fe

34、el can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think shes crying？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If som

35、eone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”4Self Expression 40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.AEncourage kids to cook with you.BAnd we cant forget science education.CWe

36、 can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.DSo how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?EGardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.GBeing able to municate ide

37、as in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.答案36.D37.A38.C39.F40.G.写作常用句翻译1此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(by no means)(xx·陕西·书面表达)Furthermore，punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.2图片中显示，如果这个人愿意寻找其他的可能性，他能找到一个更好的、更有益的方式来实现他的目标。(indicate)(xx&#

38、183;北京·开放作文)As indicated in the picture，if the man is willing to look for other possibilities，he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal.模拟题组.语法填空1Do you know the distinction between the two countries?2The water may be carried by means of a pipe.3Long marks on the street in

39、dicated(indicate) that the driver had attempted to brake.4We must mark out the tennis court ready for the match these days.5In my opinion，it is not so helpful to give someone some bread as it is to teach him how to make a life.6Tom is the second tallest(tall) boy in my class.7By the time Jane gets h

40、ome，her aunt will have left(leave) for London to attend a meeting.8It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.9Before I began this job，I had been(be) a babysitter for two years.10It was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.单句改错1There were over 500 appli

41、cants to the job.tofor2What percentage of his ine are taxable？areis3The city was mixture of old and new buildings.was后加上a4Local residents have reacted angrily about the news.aboutto5It didnt occur him that his wife was having an affair.occur后加上to6There is, in an addition，one further point to say.去掉a

42、n7We expressed our feelings by the means of words.去掉the8A great many of people gain a great deal of information from the Internet.去掉many后的of9To team up the big pany is the only way to break out of money problem.up后加上with10The pany can only supply 20 percent of we need.we前加上what.写作句式升级训练Though the ki

43、nd woman got paid lowly，she decided to donate all she had saved，in the hope that she could help those with financial problems.(素材来源于xx·广东·读写任务)The kind woman who got paid lowly decided to donate what she had saved，hoping that she could help those with financial problems.(用who引导的定语从句、what引导

44、的宾语从句及现在分词作状语改写句子).阅读理解AHave you paid much attention to your daily elevator ride？Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it.But Lee Gray，PhD，of the University of North Carolina，US，has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport.He

45、 is known as the “Elevator Guy”“The lift bees this interesting social space where etiquette(礼仪) is sort of strange，”Gray told the BBC.“They are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”We walk in and usually turn around to face the door.If someone else es in，we may have to move.And h

46、ere，according to Gray，lift users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements.He told the BBC what he had observed.He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift，you can do whatever you wantits your own little box.If there are the two of you，you go into different corners，standing di

47、agonally(对角线地) across from each other to create distance.When a third person enters，you will unconsciously form a triangle.And when there is a fourth person，it bees a square，with someone in every corner.A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.Newers to the lift will need to s

48、ize up the situation when the doors slide open and then act directly.Once in，for most people the rule is simplelook down，or look at your phone.Why are we so awkward in lifts?“You dont have enough space，”Professor Babette Renneberg，a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin，told the BBC

49、.“Usually when we meet other people we have about an arms length of distance between us.And thats not possible in most elevators.”In such a small，enclosed space it bees very important to act in a way that cannot be understood as threatening or strange.“The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye cont

50、act，”she said.1Why does Lee Gray think that elevators are often very awkward places?ABecause people in lifts are unfriendly with each other.BBecause the space in lifts is limited，which makes peoples etiquette strange.CBecause some people in lifts do something strange to arouse others interest.DBecau

51、se its interesting to study peoples unique eye contacts in lifts.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第五、六段“Why are we so awkward in lifts？”和“You dont have enough space.”可知答案为B。2According to the passage，which of the following is WRONG?AWhen the first person es into the lift，he may stand anywhere and face the door.BWhen t

52、he second person enters，he may stand in the opposite corner of the first one diagonally.CWhen a third person enters，he will form a triangle deliberately.DWhen the fourth one enters，he will be in a corner of a square.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知，he will form a triangle unconsciously，而不是deliberately。3Whats

53、the message behind the fact that most people will look down or look at their phones once in?AThey dont want to make others feel threatening or uneasy.BThey are always busy with their own thinking or businesses.CThey are sometimes too shy to look others in the eye.DThey are told only to mind their ow

54、n business when in the lifts.答案A解析推理判断题。根据全文尤其是最后一段可知答案为A。4The main purpose of this passage is to .Ainform us of some interesting people in the elevatorsBshare with us the authors interesting but awkward elevator experiencesCanalyze in detail psychological reasons of some strange behaviorsDpresent u

55、s with some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette答案D解析写作意图题。作者谈在电梯里的各种情况并加以分析，目的就是告诉读者这些不成文的规矩。BMaking the announcement，Peter Englund，permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy，called Alice Munro a “master of the contemporary short story”“She has taken an art form，the short story，which has tended to

56、 live a little bit in the shadow of the novel，and she has cultivated it almost to perfection，” he said.The 82­year­old，whose books include Dear Life and Dance of the Happy Shades，is only the 13th woman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature since its start in 1901.“I knew I was in the running，yes，but I never thought I would win，” Munro told Canadian media.Alice Munro：“I would really hope that this would make people see the short story as an important art form.”Munro，who began writing in her teenage years，published her first story，The Dimensions of a Shadow，in 1950.Da