英语必修一Unit4单词讲解[1]

1、Unit4 Earthquakes要要 点点 梳梳 理理高效梳理高效梳理知识备考知识备考重点单词重点单词1burst vi.爆裂；爆发爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂，爆发突然破裂，爆发2event n事件；大事事件；大事3nation n民族；国家；国民民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的，民族的国家的，民族的nationality n国籍国籍4ruin n废墟；毁灭废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产毁灭；使破产5suffering n苦难；痛苦苦难；痛苦suffer v受受苦，遭受苦，遭受6extreme adj.极度的极度的extremely adv.7injure vt.损害；伤害损害；

2、伤害injured adj.受伤的受伤的injury n伤害，损害伤害，损害8destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭破坏；毁坏；消灭9useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的无用的；无效的；无益的useful(反义词反义词)use v. & n使用，利用使用，利用10shock vt. & vi.(使使)震惊；震动震惊；震动 n休克；休克；打击；震惊打击；震惊11rescue n. & vt.援救；营救援救；营救12trap vt.使陷入困境使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境陷阱；困境13electricity n电；电流；电学电；电流；电学electric adj.用电的

3、；带电的；发电的用电的；带电的；发电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的与电有关的；电学的14disaster n灾难；灾祸灾难；灾祸15bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏埋葬；掩埋；隐藏16shelter n掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处17damage n. & vt.损失；损害损失；损害18frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的受惊的,受恐吓的受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的令人恐惧的19judge n裁判员；法官裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判断定；判断；判决决judgement n判断，判

4、决判断，判决20express vt.表示；表达表示；表达n.快车；速递快车；速递expression n表达表达expressive adj.有表有表现力的现力的重点短语重点短语1right away立刻立刻2at an end 结束结束3in ruins 成为废墟成为废墟4dig out 掘出；发现掘出；发现5a(great) number of 许多；大量的许多；大量的6give out 分发；发出分发；发出(气味、热等气味、热等)7thousands of 成千上万成千上万8think little of 不重视；不假思索不重视；不假思索9blow away 吹走；刮走吹走；刮走10b

5、e proud of 以以而自豪而自豪11instead of 代替代替12be trapped in 陷入陷入之中之中13be known for/as 因为因为/作为作为出名出名14bring in 引进；引来引进；引来 1. earthquake n. 地震 Eg: It is reported that an earthquake broke out last night in Southeast Asia. 2. right away 立刻；马上 同义词： right now=at once=in no time=immediately right now“立即，马上；此时此刻立即，

6、马上；此时此刻”，相，相当于当于now1_ he is doing an operation on the patient; please dont disturb him.ARight away BRight nowCIn no time DAt once答案：答案：B解析：四个短语都有解析：四个短语都有“立即，马上立即，马上”之意，但之意，但right now还还有有“现在，此时此刻现在，此时此刻”之意。句意为：他目前正在给病人之意。句意为：他目前正在给病人做手术，请不要打扰他。做手术，请不要打扰他。 即学即练即学即练7(1)I want it to be sent _.马上把它发出去。马

7、上把它发出去。(2)He cleaned the room _.他立即开始打扫房间。他立即开始打扫房间。(3)Hes not in the office _.他现在不在办公室。他现在不在办公室。right awayright awayright now 3. well n. 井 Eg: A book is a well of knowledge. They dug a well . adj. 健康的 Eg: I hope you will get well soon. adv. 熟练地，有效地 Eg: He plays the piano very well for his age. 4. s

8、melly adj. 有臭味的，发臭的 Eg: His socks are smelly. 拓展： blood bloody cloud cloudy rain rainy greed greedy 词根：smell 可用作系动词或实义动词，用作系动词时，意为“闻起来”；用作实义动词时意为“闻” Eg: You may smell the mixture and it smells terrible.smellysmelly: : smellsmell+ y = + y = adj.adj. smell smell n./vn./v (smelt/ smelled) (smelt/ smell

9、ed)2.They were all hungry and the food 2.They were all hungry and the food _ good._ good.3.I can _ something burning in 3.I can _ something burning in the kitchen.the kitchen.4.Please throw the _ fish away.4.Please throw the _ fish away.smeltsmeltsmellsmellsmellysmelly1. A _ gas came _ _ the 1. A _

10、gas came _ _ the cracks.cracks.smellysmellyout of blood + -y = bloody rain + -y = rainyblood + -y = bloody rain + -y = rainy cloud + -y = cloudy wind + -y = windy cloud + -y = cloudy wind + -y = windy snow + -y = snowy greed + -y = snow + -y = snowy greed + -y = greedygreedy dream+-y = dreamy dream+

11、-y = dreamy taste+ -y = tastytaste+ -y = tasty ice + -y = icyice + -y = icy fat + -y = fatty fat + -y = fatty mud+ -y = muddy mud+ -y = muddy sun + -y = sunny sun + -y = sunny fog + -y = foggy流血的流血的多云的多云的下雪的下雪的幻想的幻想的冷漠的，冰的冷漠的，冰的泥泞的泥泞的肥胖的肥胖的下雨的下雨的多风的多风的贪婪的贪婪的美味的美味的阳光灿烂的阳光灿烂的有雾的有雾的 5.burst v.（使）爆裂；（使）

12、破裂；（使）爆炸 Eg: You are going to burst the balloon if you are not careful. The balloon suddenly burst. v.猛冲；突然出现 Eg: He burst into the room without knocking. burst into+ n.=burst out doing sth. 突然起来 eg: burst into laughter=burst out laughingeg: 她突然笑起来。她突然笑起来。 She burst out laughing. She burst into . 他突

13、然大哭起来。他突然大哭起来。 He burst out crying. He burst into . n. 突然爆裂，爆发突然爆裂，爆发短语：短语：a burst of 一阵一阵eg: 一阵笑声一阵笑声laughtertearsa burst of laughter勃然大怒勃然大怒a burst of angerburst intoburst with闯入闯入充满充满1(2010四川绵阳中学四川绵阳中学)When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst _ laughing while he b

14、urst _ tears.Ainto; in Binto; outCout; into Dout; in答案：答案：C解析：考查固定搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来解析：考查固定搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。burst out laughing表示表示“突然大笑起来突然大笑起来”，burst into tears表示表示“突然大哭起来突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配。，都是固定搭配。6. at an end 结束，终结结束，终结eg: 炎热的天气终于结束了。炎热的天气终于结束了。 The hot days are

15、 at an end at last. The hot days come to an end at last. be at an end = come to an end 结束结束短语：短语：put an end to=bringto an end 使使结束结束eg: 他们应该结束战争。他们应该结束战争。 They should put an end to the war. They should bring the war to an end.辨析：辨析：at an end, in the end, at the end of, by the end ofas ifat an endat

16、the end of “在在末端，终点，结尾末端，终点，结尾”表时表时间间by the end of 用于表示时间，用于表示时间，“到到结束结束的时候的时候”，时态用完成时，时态用完成时; in the end=at last =finally 意思意思“最后、终最后、终于于”。 Compare: be at the end of =come to an end by the end of in the end1). at an end: 表示表示“终结，结束终结，结束”，与，与be动词连用。动词连用。eg: 战争结束了。战争结束了。 The war was at an end.= The w

17、ar came to an end.2). in the end: 表示表示“最终，终于最终，终于”，单独使用作单独使用作状语状语。eg: 最终他们放弃了那项计划。最终他们放弃了那项计划。 They gave up the plan in the end. (at last)3). at the end of: 表示表示“在在的尽头的尽头/末尾末尾”eg: 今年年底，我父亲要回家。今年年底，我父亲要回家。 My father will come home at the end of this year. He is at the end of his patience. 他已经忍耐到极限了。他

18、已经忍耐到极限了。 即学即练即学即练8(1)The year is _.这一年已到年终了。这一年已到年终了。(2)The meeting _.会议结束了。会议结束了。(3)Go straight and youll find the hospital _ the road.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。at an endcame to an endat the end of1) . His father will return home _this year.2) . He will be a scientist _.3) . How

19、many English words had you learned _ last term?at the end ofin the endby the end ofas if 好像；似乎；仿佛。好像；似乎；仿佛。She was sitting there as if nothing had happened.in ruins : 废墟废墟Compare: ruin ; destroy ; damage 拓展：be in ruins 呈一片废墟 bring sth to ruin 使某物毁灭 bring sb to ruin 使某人破产 damage指部分指部分“损坏损坏”、“损害损害”、“破

20、坏破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词作动词,也可以用作名词也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与用作名词时常与to something 连用。连用。The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作动词只能用作动词,指彻底破坏指彻底破坏,以致以致不可能修复不可能修复,常作常作“破坏破坏”、“毁灭毁灭”解解,也也可以指希望、计划等打破。可以指希望、计划等打破。The earthquake destroyed the whole town. injurehurtwoundharm指损害健康，成就，容指损害

21、健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的丧失，貌等，强调功能的丧失，常指常指事故中事故中的伤害的伤害普通用语，既可指普通用语，既可指肉体肉体上的伤害，也可指上的伤害，也可指精神精神上，上，感情感情上的伤害上的伤害指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指皮肉之伤，尤指战场战场上上所受的伤所受的伤一般指伤害有生命的东一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤西，常指伤及人的健康，及人的健康，权利，事业权利，事业等等A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。I dont want to hurt you.我不想伤害你。我不想伤害你。The sol

22、dier was wounded badly.这位士兵严重受伤。这位士兵严重受伤。Smoking seriously harmed his health.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。 应用应用2(1)The robber _ him with a knife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。那强盗用刀刺伤了他。(2)These criticisms have _ his pride deeply.这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。(3)Two people have been badly _ in the accident.有两个人在这次事

23、故中严重受伤了。有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。(4)Dont _ your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。woundedhurt/injuredinjuredharmTheir jokes _ him deeply.Smoking will _ his health.He was slightly _ in the car accident.He got _ in the fighting.What you said _ my feeling.have hurtinjureinjuredw

24、oundedhurt10.injure指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的损伤 hurt普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可精神上，感情上的伤害 You hurt me! wound特指战场上受伤 9shock n. U；C打击；震惊；震动；休克打击；震惊；震动；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕使震惊，使惊愕be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊被震惊be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事惧怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear.看见看见/听到听到使某人震惊。使某人震惊。(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击对某人来

25、说是个打击 shocked adj. 惊愕的，感到震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的shocking to his parents.shocking to his parents. 即学即练即学即练4(1)The news of his wifes death was _ him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。(2)He _ her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。(3)_ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感看到邻居们如何对待孩

26、子，我感到震惊。到震惊。a terrible shock towas shocked atIt shocked me提示：提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人主语多为人)shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物主语多为物) rescue （1） n. C,U 救援，营救；救援行动救援，营救；救援行动 eg: The rescue team made ten rescues in a week. （2） vt. 救援，拯救，解救救援，拯救，解救 搭配：搭配：rescue sb/sth from 把把从从（地方

27、）解救出来（地方）解救出来 eg: They rescued the boy from the burning house. a rescue team 救援队救援队 rescue worker 救援人员救援人员trap （1） vt. （trapped）困住，关住，使陷入）困住，关住，使陷入危险中危险中 搭配：搭配：be trapped in 困在困在中中 eg: The car was trapped in the deep snow. （2） n. C陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计 eg: She had set a trap for him and he had walk

28、ed straight into it. disaster n. 灾难，灾祸灾难，灾祸 Eg: The fire was a great disaster. 拓展：拓展： a traffic disaster 一起交通事故一起交通事故 natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害 a disaster area 灾区灾区 dig out (dug) 挖出，翻找出挖出，翻找出 Eg: Why did you dig out those old magazines?bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏埋葬；掩埋；隐藏bury oneself in study 埋头研究埋头研究bury ones

29、elf in (doing) sth. 专心致力于专心致力于(做做)某事某事be buried in thoughts 沉思沉思bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面双手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隐居被活埋；隐居. bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋，隐藏埋葬，掩埋，隐藏eg: 她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。 She was buried beside her husbands grave. 她双手捂着脸哭了起来。她双手捂着脸哭了起来。 She buried her face in her hands and cried.短语：短语：b

30、ury oneself in=be buried in. 专心于专心于， 埋首于埋首于 bend ones mind/efforts/thoughts to devote oneself to=be devoted to 专心于专心于，献身于，献身于 be lost in 陷入陷入中中12. frighten vt. 使惊吓，吓唬使惊吓，吓唬 frightened adj. 受惊的，受恐吓的受惊的，受恐吓的 frightening adj. 令人恐惧的令人恐惧的短语：短语：be frightened at 受受惊吓，见惊吓，见大吃一惊大吃一惊 be frightened of sb/sth 害

31、怕某人害怕某人/某物某物同义词：同义词：shock 近义词：近义词：surprise congratulation n. 祝贺；恭贺；贺词 搭配： offer/send ones congratulations to sb on sth 因某事向某人表示祝贺 Eg: We offered our congratulations to him on his success. congratulate vt.祝贺 搭配：congratulate sb on sth 因某事祝贺某人 congratulate oneself on sth/doing sth/that 暗自庆幸 Eg: I heart

32、ily congratulate myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.6judge v. 断定；判断；判决断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员裁判员；法官；评判员judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力判断，审判，意见，判断力judging by/from 从从上看，根据上看，根据判断判断judge sb./sth. from/by. 从从来判断来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为据我判断，我认为in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看