情态动词分类讲解及大量练习-Violet. 丽

1、情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征2) 情态动词不能单独做谓语情态动词不能单独做谓语, 后面只能接动词后面只能接动词原形，原形，ought to和和have to除外，除外，。 3) 情态动词没有人称情态动词没有人称, 数的变化数的变化, 但有些情态但有些情态动词动词, 如如can、will、shall、have to、may等有等有过去式。过去式。1）情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对）情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。某一动作或状态的某种态度。1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt las

2、t year.2) Can/Could I use your dictionary?3) Could you lend me a hand?1. 1.表能力表能力, ,意为意为“能，能够，会能，能够，会”，cancan指现在，指现在，couldcould指过去。指过去。2. 表示表示“请求请求” “允许允许”(表请求时，口语中常用表请求时，口语中常用 could 代替代替 can 使语气更委婉，简略回答时用使语气更委婉，简略回答时用can)3. 表示推测，意为表示推测，意为“可能可能”“”“或许或许”，用于疑问句，用于疑问句或否定句，或否定句，cant和和couldnt意为意为“不可能不可能”

3、1. can 与与could4) Can she be in the computer center?5) I though what he said could not be true.4. can 用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、怀疑、用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、怀疑、不相信等，意思是不相信等，意思是“可能、能够可能、能够”。6) How can you believe such a liar like him?7）Can this be true?5. cant/ couldnt have done 表示对过去情况的否定推表示对过去情况的否定推测测,意为意为“过去不可能做过某事过去不

4、可能做过某事” 8) Susan cant have written a report like this. 8) She cant have gone to school. It is Sunday .6. could have done表对过去的推测，意为表对过去的推测，意为“过去可能做过去可能做了某事了某事”。 could have done还可以表示还可以表示对过去能做而未对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，意为做的事情感到惋惜，意为“本能够做某事可事实上未做本能够做某事可事实上未做” 9）Its a pity. Your class could have got the first pr

5、ize.10）Where can Mary have gone?can表示表示“能够能够”时与短语时与短语be able to同义，同义，但但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态。另外，者可用于各种时态。另外，can表示个人表示个人有某种能力，而有某种能力，而be able to表示某人通过努表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于力、克服困难做成某事，相当于succeed in doing sth.；can/be able to Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. needn

6、t B. cant C. should D. may2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed M

7、y sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attendedBAAA5. Theres someone outside. Who _it be? A. can B. need C. may D. must6. -Is Jack on duty today? -It _ be him. Its his

8、turn tomorrow. A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt7. It is usually warm in my hometown, but it _be rather cold sometimes. A. can B. need C. dare D. must8. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get away. A. were able to B. would C. was able to D. couldACAC2. may 与与might1. 表示表

9、示“许可许可”或或“请求请求”，有，有“可以可以”的意思，口的意思，口语中常用语中常用 might 代代 may ,表示委婉语气。表示委婉语气。 否定回答时用否定回答时用“must not”表表“禁止，阻止禁止，阻止”， 不用不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示表示“可能不可能不” 。Eg: 1)- May I watch TV after supper? - Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 2) Today is Sunday. She may not in her office now.2. 表示可能性。表示可能性。 意为意为“或许，可能或许

10、，可能” might 比比 may 可能性小。可能性小。(疑问句不能用于此意疑问句不能用于此意)Eg: 1) The girl might be sleeping this time of day. 2) They may be in the library now.4. may/ might as well + 动词原形动词原形 “还是还是的好的好” “不妨干某事不妨干某事” Eg: You may as well go and have a look.3.may/might have done 表示对过去发生过的事情的推测，表示对过去发生过的事情的推测，意为意为“可能已经做过某事可能已经做

11、过某事”Eg: I cant find my sunglasses. I may/might have left them in your office.5. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿用于祈使句中表示祝愿Eg: May you be succeed!6. Might 可表示忠告，责备。可表示忠告，责备。Eg: You have broken two dishes. You might try to be more careful.1.Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A.

12、 might B. shouldC. can D. will2.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. willAB3. will 与与would 1. 用于第二人称的疑问句中，表用于第二人称的疑问句中，表“请求、建议请求、建议”等，用等，用 would 比用比用will 委婉，客气些委婉，客气些Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?2. 用于表示意志力、意愿或决心，意为用于表示意

13、志力、意愿或决心，意为“会，愿会，愿意意” 。用于否定句中，表示用于否定句中，表示“不会、不肯、不乐不会、不肯、不乐意意”。Eg: 1) I wont do that again. 2) They said that they would help us. 3) No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.3.表示习惯性动作。表示习惯性动作。 译作译作 “总是、惯于总是、惯于”， would 指过指过去常常。去常常。will可指主语的一种自然属性。可指主语的一种自然属性。Eg: 1) Fish will die without water. 2) T

14、he old man would sit in front of the gate, waiting for his son. 3) We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories. If you _ wait here for another 5 minutes, our manager will come back. A. should B. will C. need D. must2. When he was there, he_ go to that coffee shop at the corner

15、 after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might BA4. should与与ought to1. ought to比比should语气更重。两者都用于表劝告、建议。语气更重。两者都用于表劝告、建议。 意为意为”应该、应当应该、应当”。但在疑问句中常用但在疑问句中常用should。ought to的否定式为的否定式为oughtnt to或或ought not to。Eg: You ought to take care of the baby. What should we do next? 2. 两者都可表示推测，表

16、示很大的可能性。两者都可表示推测，表示很大的可能性。意为意为 “可可能、按理来说、按常理推断、理应如此能、按理来说、按常理推断、理应如此”Eg: 1) Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 2) They should have arrived by now.3. ought to/should have done 应该做某事却没做应该做某事却没做 oughtnt to/shouldnt have done不该做某事却做了不该做某事却做了Eg: You should have invited me to the party yesterday. You sho

17、uldnt have eaten all the cakes in one day.4. Should可以用来表示说话人的惊奇等情感，意为可以用来表示说话人的惊奇等情感，意为“竟然，居然竟然，居然”Eg: 1) Its surprising that Mary should love such a person. 2) Its unbelievable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song.5. 表示劝告、命令、义务、建议、允诺等。表示劝告、命令、义务、建议、允诺等。Eg: You should go to class right awa

18、y. You shouldnt drink and drive. The parcel should be ready within three days.1.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. can B. should C. may D. must2. - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. - They _ be ready by 12:00 A. can B. should C. mi

19、ght D. need3. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. ought to have studied D. would studyBBc5. shall1. Shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。求对方的意见或请求。Eg: 1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Henry is waiting outside. Shall he com

20、e in? 2. Shall用于二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人用于二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人 的允诺、警告、命令、威胁等语气。的允诺、警告、命令、威胁等语气。Eg: 1) Dont be late, or you shall be punished. 2) I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.3. Shall表示按条约、法令、规定等必须履行的义表示按条约、法令、规定等必须履行的义务，用于第三人称，其含义相当于务，用于第三人称，其含义相当于“must”。Eg: 1) The law shall have effect on 1

21、st October, 2015. Chairman Zhang, many people want to see you. _they wait here or outside? A. shall B. can C. should D. may2. You _use my bike if you can return it to me before Ileave here. A. should B. shall C. need D. must3. You _be punished if you break the rule. A. shall B. should C. need D. mus

22、tABAMustIfinishallhomeworkatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt/donthaveto.6. must1. must用于一般疑问句中，肯定回答用用于一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用否定回答用neednt或或dont have to，意为，意为“不必不必”。mustnt是是“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许”的意思。的意思。I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. Mother was out, so I had to look after the shop.2. must表示表示“必须

23、必须”这个意思时，和这个意思时，和have to 稍有区别。稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，着重说明主观看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外，强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用能用于更多时态。于更多时态。Youmustbethenewteacher.Hemustbejoking.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.3. must表示对某人某事的肯定猜测表示对某人某事的肯定猜测, 作作“肯肯定定”, “一定一定” , 用于肯定句中。对过去发生用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用的事情作肯定判断用must have done，意为

24、，意为“过去肯定做过某事过去肯定做过某事”。Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme?Ifyoumustsmoke,doitoutside,pleaseWhymustitrainonSunday?4. must表示与说话人愿望相反，翻译成表示与说话人愿望相反，翻译成“偏偏要，硬要，非要要，硬要，非要” 。 1) -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have to5. 注意对注意对needneed问句的回答问句的回答。7. need1. need情态动词，情态

25、动词，“需要需要”，多用在否定式，多用在否定式或疑问句中。或疑问句中。 You need not hand in the paper this week.2. need还可以做实义动词还可以做实义动词，后接动词不定时，后接动词不定时to。need sth.或者或者need to do sth.，其否定形，其否定形式为式为dont/doesnt/didnt need to do sth. I need a bike to go to school. We need to clean the classroom every evening.3. neednt have done不需要做某事却做了。

26、不需要做某事却做了。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 这件事情你不必太认真。这件事情你不必太认真。 8. dare1. dare情态动词，情态动词，“敢敢”，多用在否定式或，多用在否定式或疑问句中。疑问句中。 Dare you catch the little cat? The little girl dare not speak in public. 2. dare更多地是做实义动词使用更多地是做实义动词使用，后接动词，后接动词不定时不定时to，但在否定句和疑问句中可省略，但在否定句和疑问句中可省略to。Do you dare to walk in t

27、he dark? He doesnt dare (to) tell the teacher what happened that day. 【考例考例】The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we _ go to work tomorrow. (上海上海 2007春春)A. cant B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt【点拨点拨】考查情态动词。根据题意考查情态动词。根据题意, 可知可知这里表示这里表示“没有必要没有必要”, 故只能选故只能选C项。项。【考例考例】What do you think we can

28、 do for our aged parents?You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (重庆重庆 2007)A. dont have to B. oughtnt toC. mustnt D. cant 【点拨点拨】根据题意根据题意“除了和他们呆在一除了和他们呆在一起做你自己外起做你自己外, 没有必要做任何事情。没有必要做任何事情。”可知这里选择可知这里选择dont have to表示表示“不必不必”。故选故选A项。项。【考例考例】 -Jane has just come back from China and sh

29、e looks happy.- She _ her trip very much. must enjoy B. must have enjoyedC. may enjoy D should have enjoyed【考例考例】 You _ return the book now, you can keep it until next week if you like. cant B. mustntC. neednt D. may not【考例考例】Where is Dad, Mary? He _ the flowers in the garden. must water B. must be

30、wateringC. must have watered D. watered【考例考例】-Whats the matter with the man there? -Well. If you _know, he was caught stealing my bike. must B. may C. can D. shall情态动词表推测用法小结情态动词表推测用法小结情态动词情态动词对现在或将来对现在或将来情况的推测情况的推测对现在或将来对现在或将来正在进行的推正在进行的推测测对过去情况的对过去情况的推测推测肯定推测肯定推测 mustmust+vmust+be (doing)must+have

31、 done可能推测可能推测may/mightmay/might+vmay/might+be (doing)may/might+have done否定推测否定推测cant/couldntcant/couldnt+vcant/couldnt+be (doing)cant/couldnt+have done疑问推测疑问推测can/couldcan/could+vcan/could+be (doing)can/could+have done 情态动词情态动词 + have done这是历年高考热点之一，这是历年高考热点之一，可表示可表示“推测、责备、怀疑推测、责备、怀疑”等多种意义。等多种意义。一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计1. must have done “肯定做过某事肯定做过某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so