实验十七：交换机端口基本配置

1、实验十七：交换机端口基本配置一、 理论基础1、端口的速率华为Quidway S系列交换机支持端口速率的手工配置和自适应，缺省情况下所有端口都是自适应状态，通过相互交换自协商报文进行速率匹配。当链路两端一端为自适应，另一端为固定速率时，我们建议修改两端的端口速率，保持端口速率的一致。如果两端的速率不一致时，很容易出现通信故障，应当尽量避免。可以使用speed命令对以太网端口的速率进行设置，当设置端口速率为自协商状态时，端口的速率在双方自动协商下而定。需要注意的是：百兆以太网电端口支持10Mbit/s、100Mbit/s或自协商工作速率，可以根据需要对其设置。缺省情况下，以太网端口的速率处于aut

2、o（自协商）状态。2、端口模式目前新的交换机端口既支持全双工工作模式，也支持半双工工作模式。可以手工配置，也可以自动协商来决定端口到底工作在哪种模式下。Auto：表示端口工作在自协商模式。Full：表示端口工作在全双工模式。Half：表示端口工作在半双工模式。当希望端口在发送数据包的同时可以接收数据包，可以将端口设置为全双工属性；当希望端口同一时刻只能发送数据包或接收数据包时，可以将端口设置为半双工属性；当设置端口为自协商状态时，端口的双工状态由本端口和对端端口自动协商而定。需要注意的是：百兆以太网电端口支持全双工、半双工或自协商工作模式，可以根据需要对其设置。缺省情况下，端口的双工状态为au

3、to（自协商）状态。二、 实验案例基本端口的配置1、实验拓扑图： 2、配置说明：交换机A加地址:192.168.10.1交换机B加地址:192.168.10.23、具体配置：方法一：（speed）交换机B的配置：SwitchBint vlan 1SwitchB-Vlan-interface1ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0交换机A的配置：SwitchAint vlan 1SwitchA-Vlan-interface1ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0SwitchA-Vlan-interface1quitSwitc

4、hAping 192.168.10.2 PING 192.168.10.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time = 50 ms Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time = 20 ms Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time = 20 ms Reply from 192.168.10.2: b

5、ytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time = 20 ms Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time = 30 ms - 192.168.10.2 ping statistics - 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 20/28/50 msSwitchAdis int e0/1 Ethernet0/1 current state : UP IP Sending

6、Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e206-f643 The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 Media type is twisted pair, loopback not set Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX 100Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex mode Link speed type is autonegotiation, link duplex type is autonegotiation Flow-

7、control is not enabled Port-flow-constrain has not been configured completely The Maximum Frame Length is 1518 Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100% PVID: 1 Mdi type: normal Port link-type: access Tagged VLAN ID : none Untagged VLAN ID : 1 Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 17 bytes/sec Last 300 seconds outp

8、ut: 0 packets/sec 19 bytes/sec Input(total): 85 packets, 8722 bytes 47 broadcasts, 32 multicasts Input(normal): 85 packets, - bytes 47 broadcasts, 32 multicasts Input: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC 0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errors Output(total): 129 p

9、ackets, 11374 bytes 92 broadcasts, 32 multicasts, 0 pauses Output(normal): 129 packets, - bytes 92 broadcasts, 32 multicasts, - pauses Output: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures 0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisionslost carrier, - no carrier默认的情况下,E0/1都是100M/10M自适应的端口,从实

10、验结果可见,它们最终自动协商的结果是工作在最高速度。SwitchAint e0/1SwitchA-Ethernet0/1speed 10SwitchA-Ethernet0/1%Apr 2 00:35:04 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/PORT LINK STATUS CHANGE: Ethernet0/1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:35:04 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/VLANIF LINK STATUS CHANGE: Vlan-interface1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:35:04

11、 2000 SwitchA IFNET/5/UPDOWN:Line protocol on the interface Vlan-interface1 turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:35:06 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/PORT LINK STATUS CHANGE: Ethernet0/1: turns into UP state%Apr 2 00:35:06 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/VLANIF LINK STATUS CHANGE: Vlan-interface1: turns into UP state%Apr 2 00

12、:35:06 2000 SwitchA IFNET/5/UPDOWN:Line protocol on the interface Vlan-interface1 turns into UP stateSwitchAdis int e0/1 Ethernet0/1 current state : UP IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e206-f643 The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 Media type is twisted pair, lo

13、opback not set Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX 10Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex mode Link speed type is force link, link duplex type is autonegotiation Flow-control is not enabled Port-flow-constrain has not been configured completely The Maximum Frame Length is 1518 Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100% PVID:

14、1 Mdi type: normal Port link-type: access Tagged VLAN ID : none Untagged VLAN ID : 1 Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 10 bytes/sec Last 300 seconds output: 0 packets/sec 12 bytes/sec Input(total): 129 packets, 13106 bytes 75 broadcasts, 48 multicasts Input(normal): 129 packets, - bytes 75 broad

15、casts, 48 multicasts Input: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC 0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errors Output(total): 200 packets, 17342 bytes 148 broadcasts, 47 multicasts, 0 pauses Output(normal): 200 packets, - bytes 148 broadcasts, 47 multicasts, - pauses Out

16、put: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures 0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisions - lost carrier, - no carrierSwitchBdis int e0/1 Ethernet0/1 current state : UP IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e201-07c7 The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1

17、500 Media type is twisted pair, loopback not set Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX 10Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex mode Link speed type is autonegotiation, link duplex type is autonegotiation Flow-control is not enabled The Maximum Frame Length is 1518 Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100% PVID: 1 Mdi type: norm

18、al Port link-type: access Tagged VLAN ID : none Untagged VLAN ID : 1 Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 7 bytes/sec Last 300 seconds output: 0 packets/sec 5 bytes/sec Input(total): 213 packets, 19306 bytes 158 broadcasts, 50 multicasts Input(normal): - packets, - bytes - broadcasts, - multicasts

19、Input: 0 input errors, - runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC 0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errors Output(total): 137 packets, 13286 bytes 81 broadcasts, 50 multicasts, 0 pauses Output(normal): - packets, - bytes - broadcasts, - multicasts, - pauses Output: 0 output errors, - und

20、erruns, - buffer failures - aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisionslost carrier, - no carrier手动更改交换机A的E0/1速度为10Mbps,查看实验结果,依然能够ping通,同时发现交换机B的E0/1的端口速度已自动变为10Mbps.SwitchBint e0/1SwitchB-Ethernet0/1speed 100SwitchB-Ethernet0/1%Apr 2 00:42:42 2000 SwitchB L2INF/5/PORT LINK STATUS CHANGE: E

21、thernet0/1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:42:42 2000 SwitchB L2INF/5/VLANIF LINK STATUS CHANGE: Vlan-interface1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 00:42:42 2000 SwitchB IFNET/5/UPDOWN:Line protocol on the interface Vlan-interface1 turns into DOWN stateSwitchB-Ethernet0/1quitSwitchBping 192.168.10.1 PING

22、192.168.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out - 192.168.10.1 ping statistics - 5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received100.00% packet loss此时,把SwitchB的端口速度强行更改为100Mbps,那么两者之间将ping不通,因为两个端口都工作在非自动协商的方式下,接口是Do

23、wn的。方法二：（duplex）SwitchAdis int e0/1 Ethernet0/1 current state : UP IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e206-f643 The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 Media type is twisted pair, loopback not set Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX 100Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex mode

24、 Link speed type is autonegotiation, link duplex type is autonegotiation Flow-control is not enabled Port-flow-constrain has not been configured completely The Maximum Frame Length is 1518 Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100% PVID: 1 Mdi type: normal Port link-type: access Tagged VLAN ID : none Untagged VLAN I

25、D : 1 Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 5 bytes/sec Last 300 seconds output: 0 packets/sec 8 bytes/sec Input(total): 416 packets, 40459 bytes 175 broadcasts, 83 multicasts Input(normal): 416 packets, - bytes 175 broadcasts, 83 multicasts Input: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 C

26、RC 0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errors Output(total): 480 packets, 40993 bytes 248 broadcasts, 81 multicasts, 0 pauses Output(normal): 480 packets, - bytes 248 broadcasts, 81 multicasts, - pauses Output: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures 0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 co

27、llisions, 0 late collisionslost carrier, - no carrier默认的情况下，交换机A和交换机B的E0/1接口会自动协商为FULL模式。SwitchAint e0/1SwitchA-Ethernet0/1duplex halfSwitchA-Ethernet0/1dis int e0/1 Ethernet0/1 current state : UP IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e206-f643 The Maximum Transmi

28、t Unit is 1500 Media type is twisted pair, loopback not set Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX 100Mbps-speed mode, half-duplex mode Link speed type is autonegotiation, link duplex type is force link Flow-control is not enabled Port-flow-constrain has not been configured completely The Maximum Frame L

29、ength is 1518 Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100% PVID: 1 Mdi type: normal Port link-type: access Tagged VLAN ID : none Untagged VLAN ID : 1 Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 10 bytes/sec Last 300 seconds output: 0 packets/sec 8 bytes/sec Input(total): 421 packets, 41047 bytes 177 broadcasts, 86 multicast

30、s Input(normal): 421 packets, - bytes 177 broadcasts, 86 multicasts Input: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC 0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errors Output(total): 484 packets, 41417 bytes 250 broadcasts, 83 multicasts, 0 pauses Output(normal): 484 packets, - by

31、tes 250 broadcasts, 83 multicasts, - pauses Output: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures 0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisionslost carrier, - no carrier将交换机A的E0/1接口手动的改为half模式， 协商结果交换机B的E0/1会自动的变为half。看一下显示结果；SwitchBdis int e0/1 Ethernet0/1 current state : UP IP Sending Fr

32、ames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e201-07c7 The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 Media type is twisted pair, loopback not set Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX 100Mbps-speed mode, half-duplex mode Link speed type is autonegotiation, link duplex type is autonegotiation Flow-co

33、ntrol is not enabled The Maximum Frame Length is 1518 Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100% PVID: 1 Mdi type: normal Port link-type: access Tagged VLAN ID : none Untagged VLAN ID : 1 Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 14 bytes/sec Last 300 seconds output: 0 packets/sec 13 bytes/sec Input(total): 309 packets,

34、 25832 bytes 84 broadcasts, 28 multicasts Input(normal): - packets, - bytes - broadcasts, - multicasts Input: 0 input errors, - runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC 0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errors Output(total): 328 packets, 29936 bytes 89 broadcasts, 31 multicasts, 0 pauses

35、 Output(normal): - packets, - bytes - broadcasts, - multicasts, - pauses Output: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures - aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisions - lost carrier, - no carrier此时将交换机B的接口强行的改为full，虽然还能ping通，但是当在两者之间同时用大包、连续的多次ping对方，就会发现有丢包的现象。SwitchBint e0/1SwitchB

36、-Ethernet0/1duplex full%Apr 2 01:11:03 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/PORT LINK STATUS CHANGE: Ethernet0/1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 01:11:03 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/VLANIF LINK STATUS CHANGE: Vlan-interface1: turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 01:11:03 2000 SwitchA IFNET/5/UPDOWN:Line protocol on the interface Vlan

37、-interface1 turns into DOWN state%Apr 2 01:11:04 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/PORT LINK STATUS CHANGE: Ethernet0/1: turns into UP state%Apr 2 01:11:04 2000 SwitchA L2INF/5/VLANIF LINK STATUS CHANGE: Vlan-interface1: turns into UP state%Apr 2 01:11:04 2000 SwitchA IFNET/5/UPDOWN:Line protocol on the interfac

38、e Vlan-interface1 turns into UP state看一下PING的结果：SwitchB-Ethernet0/1ping 192.168.10.1 PING 192.168.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time = 30 ms Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time = 30 ms Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time = 30 ms Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time = 20 ms Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time = 20 ms - 192.168.10.1 ping statistics - 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip