Lesson 12Descent and Holding

1、 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 等待航线等待航线：很多大、中型机场都设有等待航线,等待进近着陆、等待天气好转、消失高度;其中右航线为标准等待程序,左航线为非标准等待程序。对于已公布的等待航线,可以从图上查出等待定位点参数、出航航迹、入航航迹、出时间、最低等待高度层、最大等待速度。未公布的等待航线,以上数据则可从空中交通管部门处获得。在飞机到达等待定位点前5 min,由管制部门发给飞机进行等待的管制许可。等待的许可包括：等待定位点;等待航线与等待定位点的方位关系;飞向等待定位点的人航航迹所使用无线电设备的径向线、航向、方位、航路或航线;等待航线的出航距离或以分钟为单

2、位的出航时间;等待航线的转弯方向(右转弯可以省略)。以上内容为航图上未公布的等待航线,如果等待航线在航图上已公布,则项的内容可以省略。发给飞机上述等待许可之后,管制部门还要通知飞机预计进近时间或预计追加管制许可(下一个许可)的时间 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 等待程序的出航时间规定是: 14000ft( 4250 m ) (含)以下为1 min, 14000ft( 4250m)以上为1.5 min。如果有DME,可用DME距离限制 来代替时间。等待飞行中, 如果空中交通管制员未指明是左等待 或者等待图没有规定,则所有的转弯都是右转弯。 等待航线的实施程序：等待航

3、线的实施程序： 当需要飞机在等待定位点进行等待延迟时,空中交通管制部门在飞机到达定位点前5min,发出进行等待的管制许可; 进行各种计算,并在到达等待定位点前3min,开始减速到等待速度; 根据飞机飞往等待定位点的航向,按规定扇区进入等待航线; 沿等待航线飞行,直至脱离等待航线。 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding If youre a frequent flyer, you have probably had to hold at one time or another. Holding is when an airplane makes several 360 tu

4、rns to avoid other aircraft or wait for a clearance to land. Although not as common now as it used to be, you may still encounter a holding request, especially if you are a pilot working on an instrument rating .in bound: approaching destination outbound: away from destination Lesson 12 Descent and

5、Holding ATC will issue holding instructions at least 5 minutes before your estimated arrival at the fix. Where a holding pattern is not depicted, the ATC clearance will specify the following: 1. Direction of holding from the fix. 2. Holding fix (the fix may be omitted if included at the beginning of

6、 the transmission as the clearance limit). 3. Radial, course, bearing, airway, or route on which the aircraft is to hold. 4. Leg length in miles if DME or area navigation (RNAV) is to be used (leg length will be specified in minutes on pilot request or if the controller considers it necessary). 5. D

7、irection of turn if left turns are to be made, the pilot requests or the controller considers it necessary. 6. Time to expect-further-clearance (EFC) and any pertinent additional delay information Lesson 12 Descent and Holding Holding instructions Aircraft callsign hold at (holding fix) level inboun

8、d track right/left turn Time of leg (If neccesary ) EFC(expect appraoch clerance） 1. CCA895, hold west of BH NDB, inbound track 105, left pattern , outbound time 1.5 minutes, maintain 2400m,EFC at 1550, time now 15352. CCA145, cleared to VMB 328 radial 20 mile DME. Hold northwest between the 20 and

9、40 mile DME, inbound track 148, right pattern , maintain 7200m, EFC at 2230. Time now 2215 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 1.Descend to 6000feet on QNH 2.After passing TAMOTdescend to . geographical limit3.Expect descent to (FL) after (time) / time limit4.Continue descent to and maintain/Stop descent

10、at (FL)5.Request6.Expedite descent to (FL) /Expedite decent until passing (FL)A speed restriction to increase/reduce the rate of descent, or expedite 7. request VMC descent 8. increase rate of descent until passing (FL)9. maintain own separation and VMC from (FL) to _(FL)Lesson 12 Descent and Holdin

11、g 1.向台航迹30度2. 出航一分钟3. 请求等待指令（程序）4. 自己保持间隔5.CH VOR度径向线上DME到英里之间等待6.过SV后下降高度到FL1307.预计进近指令在10558.请求下降高度/ 停止下降高度 /继续下降高度/加速下降高度Request descent/stop descent/continue descent/expedite descentLesson 12 Descent and Holding Descending and Approaching (54)Destination: Greenyard Alternate: Blackyard (Your are

12、 descending , passing 7,000ft contact Greenyard Approach ) P: : C: ADE Greenyard Approach, clear to direct AND 5,000ft, hold at AND at 5,000ft as published, expect approach time 25. P: : C: ADE revised expect approach time 35 P: : C: ADE revised expect approach time 50 (Say you have only 20minutes e

13、ndurance) P: : C: ADE delay Is undetermined, runway is still blocked. ( Say you want to direct to the nearest available alternate) P: : Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 1. as published: 按规定 2.To be level： 改平3.Outbound traffic 4.Outbound leg =outbound time 5.Traffic no longer a factor 6. outbound distan

14、ce Lesson 13 Approach 1. When establishing initial contact with approach control, the pilot should report to the controller the aircraft present position and the latest ATIS (if received). Then approach controller will normally advise on initial contact the type of approach to be expected. P: presen

15、t position + ATIS C: Descent level+ (STAR) Type of approach+ Landing runway +QNH/ QFE (Model A) STAR : standard arrival route (Model F) 2. In cases of traffic density, it is always possible that the controllers issue approach holding instructions on initial contact. (Model B) Lesson 13 Approach 3. D

16、epending on the circumstances, sometimes the controller may revise the approach sequence (Model C) 4. On some occasions pilot would request permission to make a visual approach, so that the pilot can maintain visual reference to the terrain. (Model D) 5. When the pilot makes an ILS approach, he must

17、 make a report when establishing on the localizer. C: CSN305 cleared ILS approach runway 13R, report established on the localizer Lesson 13 Approach 6. Speed adjustment is frequently used in approach control by the Controller to keep safe separation among traffic. P: SIA213 over BT C: SIA213 whats y

18、our speed P: 230kts SIA213 C:SIA213 reduce speed to 210kts due traffic ahead report established on the localizerLesson 13 Approach 1.ETO: Estimated Time Over（Significant Point）2. Upwind, crosswind, Downwind, base, final 3. REQUEST / CLEARED straight-in (type of approach) approach visual approach /IL

19、S approach VOR/NDB approach Precision radar approach4. established on the localizer-to be in line with the extended centerline of the runway5. marker-providing range information with respect to the runway during the approach 9. outer marker-is usu. placed 4 to 7 miles from the runway and placed insi

20、de the point where an aircraft flying the ILS intercepts the G/S (IM-inner marker，MM- middle marker, OM）Lesson 13 ApproachTraffic CircuitLesson 13 Approach 1.预计36号右盲降进近2.预计13号跑道IGS进近3.预计进近时间改为35分4.可以NDB进近，跑道18R5. 能见机场,请求目视进近6.请求直线进近7.减小到最小进近速度8. 远台叫 /建立航向道报告9. 18号右做标准盲降进近11.没有延误Lesson 13 Approach 12

21、.可以经由VB2A标准进场航线飞至竹料，下降并保持飞行高度层5700米13.你距VB70公里，方位170度 14.我们看到机场了，请求21号跑道直接进近。 15.下降到900米，飞往QX，看到机场报告。 You are 70km from VB, radial 170 degree. We have your field in sight, request straight in approach for R/W21. Descend to 900m, proceed to (heading to) QX, report when you have the field in sight. Cl

22、eared to Zhuliao via VB2A arrival, descend and maintain FL57Lesson 13 Approach 16.继续等待五分钟。17.请问机上续航时间。18. Outbound track (heading) 239 degrees from FO for one and a half minutes .19.Make one more holding due to traffic density. Continue holding for 5 minutes. Request your endurance on board. (What t

23、 your endurance? ) 从从FOFO出航航迹（航向）出航航迹（航向）239239度飞一分半钟。度飞一分半钟。 再盘旋一次，因活动频繁再盘旋一次，因活动频繁 Lesson 13 Approach Additional words and expressions localizer back course : 航向道背台航道/背航道进近（反航道进近） localizer: In aviation, a localizer (LOC) is the component of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) that provides runway

24、centerline guidance to aircraft, but not the glideslope information. Review of unit 6 1. Definition of Holding pattern: the oval or circular path of an aircraft flying around an airport awaiting permission to land.2.Usage of Holding pattern : The primary use of a holding pattern is delaying aircraft that have arrived at their destination but cannot land yet because of traffic congestion, poor weather, or runway unavailability (for instance, during snow removal). 3.Holding instructions Aircraft callsign hold at (holding fix) level inbound track right/left turn Time of leg (If nec