《计算机专业英语》中职教学PPT课件

1、计算机专业英语 Lesson 1 What Is a Computer? 子目录Words and ExpressionsNotesReading Comprehension译文Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?补充阅读3 3学习重点Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?Since the technology is developing rapidly nowadays . 由于当今科技发展迅速Since 在这里表示“由于”的意思，引导原因状语从句。4 4Since the technology is developing rapidly nowada

2、ys, nearly all people are familiar with computers. It has become an essential part of human life. Everyone is keen on it. Now lets see what a computer is. Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?5 5It can store and process data and produce output results under the direction of a stored program of instructions i

3、n a very fast and accurate way. It can not only deal with letters, characters and figures but also sounds, images and information of other sorts. It is very convenient for people to deal with routine tasks and all kinds of dull figures by computer in a more enjoyable way. Computers are humans friend

4、s and they are useful tools for people.Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?6 6Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?The first computer in the history was named ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) in 1946. It was quite huge and expensive. Ordinary people cannot afford it. Later on, since the contribut

5、ion of human beings intelligence, computers are becoming smaller and less expensive. Even ordinary people like you and me can afford it today. 7 7Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?The first computer in the history was named ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) in 1946. It was quite huge an

6、d expensive. Ordinary people cannot afford it. Later on, since the contribution of human beings intelligence, computers are becoming smaller and less expensive. Even ordinary people like you and me can afford it today. 8 8Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?We can find various computers in the market today.

7、 People use computers in their daily life for studying, working or just for entertainment. The typical type of computer looks like a TV set. We call it desktop computer. You can find it in peoples offices, at homes or in net bars. This kind of computer is often called PC (Personal Computer). In rece

8、nt years, they are gradually replaced by another type of computer which is called notebook computer or laptop computer. The latter one is much smaller and more expensive than the former one. However, it is more convenient because it is small enough to put into a briefcase.9 9Lesson 1 What Is a Compu

9、ter?What we called computers are not just those we have mentioned. Many other types of computers exist around us such as those in washing machines and ATMs. Computers really do a lot of favor to our daily life. They make our life more colorful, convenient and comfortable. 1010Words and Expressions11

10、11Words and Expressions12121. Since the technology is developing rapidly nowadays . 由于当今科技发展迅速since 在这里表示“由于”的意思，引导原因状语从句， 例如：Since we are going to have our final exam, we should get well prepared. 由于快考试了，我们要做好充分的准备。2 . all people are familiar with computer. 所有的人都对计算机很熟悉。be familiar with sth. 表示“对熟悉

11、”，例如：We are all familiar with Jay Chou. He is a famous pop star. 我们都熟悉周杰伦，他是个著名的流行歌手。Words and Expressions1313Notes3. Everyone is keen on it. 人人都对它着迷。be keen on sth./sb. 意思是“对着迷”，例如：It is said that Sarah is very keen on cute dolls. 据说萨拉对可爱的玩 偶非常着迷。4. .computers are becoming smaller and less expensiv

12、e. 计算机变得更小、更便宜了。smaller 和 less expensive 都是比较级，比较级的表达方式有两种。单音节的词的比较级或最高级直接在后面加“er”或“est”, 如:smallsmallersmallest；多音节的词的比较极和最高级不能直接在原单词上作变化，而是分别在前面加“more”或“most”， 如：expensivemore expensivemost expensive。1414Notes5. The latter one is much smaller and more expensive than the former one. 后者比前者更小、更贵。 for

13、mer 和latter 是代词，分别表示“前者”和“后者”。在这个句子中分别代表桌上型电脑和笔记本电脑。6Computers really do a lot of favor to our daily life.电脑确实在我们日常生活中帮了大忙。do a favor to sb.意思是“帮一个忙”，例如：The box is too heavy for me to carry. Can you do me a favor? 这个盒子太沉了我拿不动。你能帮我个忙吗? 1515Notes7. They make our life more colorful, convenient and comf

14、ortable.它们使我们的生活变得丰富多彩,方便快捷且舒适。 colorful, convenient, comfortable三个词都是以c开头,这在英文中是一种特殊的修辞手法押头韵。 这种方法常见于诗歌中的描写，使用这种修辞手法能使文章变得紧凑生动,朗朗上口。1616Notes1. Computer 小常识。计算机系统的主要部件包括存储器、输入设备、处理器和输出设备。 中央处理器(CPU) 是所有计算机的核心部分。 一般的计算机的CPU主要由两部分构成: 算术/逻辑部分和控制部分。存储器分为随机存储器(RAM) 和只读存储器(ROM)。 RAM 就是我们常说的计算机内存,是使用最多的一种

15、存储类型。 ROM主要用来存储程序。 ROM比RAM速度要慢一些,因此,如果需要快速处理,可将ROM中的内容传送到RAM中去。计算机由以下几个部分组成：mouse 鼠标 keyboard 键盘 monitor 显示器 mainframe 主机hardware 硬件 software 软件17172扩展词汇。palmtop computer 掌上电脑 component 元件，组件clipboard 剪贴板machine language 机器语言register 寄存器processor 处理器high speed cache memory 高速缓冲存储器disk drive 磁盘驱动器flo

16、ppy disk 软盘Notes1818Reading ComprehensionMicrocomputersFifteen years ago, most people had little to do with computers, at least directly. Of course, they filled out computerized(使计算机化) forms, took computerized tests, and paid computerized bills. But the real work with computers was handled by specia

17、listsprogrammers（程序员）, data entry clerks（数据输入员）, and computer operators（操作员）. Then microcomputers came along and changed everything. Today it is easy for nearly everybody to use a computer. People who use microcomputers are called end users. Now:1919Reading ComprehensionMicrocomputers(微型计算机） are com

18、mon tools in all areas of life. Writers write, artists draw, engineers and scientists calculate（计算）all on microcomputers. Students and business people do all this, and more.New forms of learning have developed. People who are homebound, who work odd hours, or who travel frequently may take courses o

19、n the Web. A college course need not fit within the usual time of a quarter or a semester.New ways to communicate, to find people with similar interests, and to buy goods are available(可得到的). All kinds of people are using electronic mail(电邮), electronic commerce（电子商务）, and the Internet to meet and t

20、o share ideas and products.2020Reading ComprehensionMany interesting and practical uses for information technology have recently surfaced to make our personal lives richer and more entertaining. These applications range from recording video(录像) clips to creating personalized Web sites（个人网站）. What ab

21、out you? How can information technology and microcomputers enhance your life?2121Reading ComprehensionQuestions1. What did people usually do relating to computers fifteen years ago?2. What do we call those who use microcomputers today?3. What can microcomputers be used for?4. There are many interest

22、ing uses for information technology. What are the applications of these technology?2222译文什么是电脑？由于当今科技发展迅速，几乎所有的人都对电脑很熟悉。它已经成为人们生活的重要一部分。人人都对它着迷。 现在让我们看看什么是电脑。它能在指令的存储程序命令下快速准确地存储、处理数据，并输出结果。它不仅能处理字母、字符和数字，还能处理声音、图像和其他类型的信息。人们能用电脑以一种便捷而又愉快的方式处理日常事务和许多枯燥的数字。电脑是人类的朋友，而且也是人们很有用的工具。历史上第一台电脑于1946年被命名为ENIA

23、C（埃尼阿克）。 它非常大而且很昂贵。老百姓可买不起。后来，由于人类智慧的贡献，电脑越来越小而且越来越便宜。现在即使像你我这样的普通人也能买得起。2323今天市面上电脑种类应有尽有。日常生活中人们用电脑学习、工作或娱乐。典型的电脑看起来像是个电视机，我们称之为桌上型电脑。在人们的办公桌，家里或是网吧都能见到这种电脑，这种电脑通常是个人电脑。近几年逐渐被一种称为笔记本的电脑所代替。后一种比前一种更小但也更加昂贵。但是它更加方便，因为它足够小可以放到公文包里。我们所说的电脑并不仅限于以上谈到的几种。其他种类的电脑就在我们的周围，例如，洗衣机里和自动取款机里的电脑。电脑确实在我们日常生活中帮了大忙。

24、它们使生活变得丰富多彩,方便快捷和舒适。 译文2424微型计算机15年前，大部分人很少知道计算机，至少没有直接接触到计算机。当然，他们填过电脑打印的表格，做过电脑制作的试卷，付过电脑打印的账单。但是真正的和电脑相关的工作是由电脑程序员、数据输入员和电脑操作员来完成的。随着微机的产生，人们生活的各个方面都在发生改变。今天，几乎每个人都能很容易地操作电脑。使用电脑的人叫做终端用户。现在：微机是各个领域的普通工具。作家用微机写作，艺术家用它画画，工程师和科学家在各种电脑上计算数据。学生和商人用电脑做以上所有的事情，甚至更多。补充阅读2525新型的学习模式产生了。 那些被家务所绊，工作很晚或者是经常出

25、差的人可以在网上学习。大学教程不必分成一个普通的季度或学期。新型的交流方式产生了。人们可以用电脑认识志趣相投的朋友，在网上购物。 各行各业的人们正在使用电子邮件，电子商务，用网络来参观商品、分享意见并交换产品。许多有趣实用的信息科技最近已经产生，它使我们的生活变使丰富多彩，这些应用包括从音像剪辑到个人网站制作。你呢？信息科技和电脑是怎样影响你的生活的？补充阅读2626思考题Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?To identify the following to be True(T)or False(F) according to the text.（1）The comp

26、uter is important in our life. （2）A computer works under the direction of the human being.（3）The main job for a computer is to deal with letters and characters. （4） The first computer is called ENAMIC. 谢谢观赏!计算机专业英语Lesson 2 Development of Computers子目录Words and ExpressionsNotesReading Comprehension译文L

27、esson 2 Development of Computers补充阅读3030学习重点Lesson 2 Development of Computers3131Nowadays, computers have become one of our necessities in our daily life. However, they were completely unknown to us several decades ago. The development of computers has gone through a rapid evolution. With the constr

28、uction of the first computer ENIAC, the modern computer era came into being since 1950s. The history of computers can be divided into five generations. Each generation is marked by a significant progress. Lesson 2 Development of Computers3232It is really hard to make an exact distinction of these fi

29、ve periods. Generally speaking, the first generation is marked from 1951 to 1958. At that time computers were large in size, expensive and often unreliable. The first generation of computers were built with vacuum tubes. The second generation lasted from 1959 to 1964. The main characteristic of this

30、 period is that transistors replaced vacuum tubes. Data was stored outside computer on either magnetic tape or disk. As a result, computers became much smaller, faster, and more reliable.Lesson 2 Development of Computers3333The third generation of computers ranged from 1965 to 1970. It is symbolized

31、 by the replacement of transistor and the involvement of IC (Integrated Circuit). Owing to IC, computers in this period became even smaller and faster and their memory capacities grew stronger than ever since. Much significant advancement was made during the fourth generation which lasted from 1971

32、to 1990. The most historic change in this period is the application of the microprocessor. Computers of this generation had more power than those of earlier generations. Lesson 2 Development of Computers3434The fifth generation of computers is virtually difficult to define since we are undergoing th

33、is period and we have no idea about what is the exact time to get into the next generation. The fifth generation seems to begin from 1991 to present. Our current generation is referred to as a “global village” since the rapid expanding of network. Internet connects our computers closely and we can s

34、tay at home chatting with friends distance far away from us. The rapidly developing new technology enables people around the globe to communicate with each other without effort.Lesson 2 Development of Computers3535We can find various computers in the market today. People use computers in their daily

35、 life for studying, working or just for entertainment. The typical type of computer looks like a TV set. We call it desktop computer. You can find it in peoples offices, at homes or in net bars. This kind of computer is often called PC (Personal Computer). In recent years, they are gradually replace

36、d by another type of computer which is called notebook computer or laptop computer. The latter one is much smaller and more expensive than the former one. However, it is more convenient because it is small enough to put into a briefcase.Lesson 2 Development of Computers3636What we called computers a

37、re not just those we have mentioned. Many other types of computers exist around us such as those in washing machines and ATMs. Computers really do a lot of favor to our daily life. They make our life more colorful, convenient and comfortable. Lesson 2 Development of Computers3737Words and Expression

38、s3838Words and Expressions3939Words and Expressions40401.Nowadays, computers have become one of our necessities in our daily life. 如今，电脑已经成为我们日常生活的必需品。 have/has +动词过去分词构成现在完成时，表示过去已经发生对现在产生影响的事情。例如：Can I go to the cinema since I have already finished my homework? 我已经写完作业了，能去看电影吗？2The development of

39、computers has gone through a rapid evolution. 电脑的发展经历了一个快速的演变。go through意思是“经历, 经受”，例如：People went through a miserable life during the war. 战争时期人们过着痛苦的生活。Notes4141Notes3.the modern computer era came into being since 1950s.50年代起进入了现代电脑时期。come into 意思是“进入（某种状态）”，例如：The town came into sight as we turne

40、d the corner. 我们一拐弯就看见那个城镇了。4.Data was stored outside computer on either magnetic tape or disk. 数据被磁带或磁盘在电脑外部存储起来。either . or . 不是就是,或 (二选一) 谓语动词用单数。注意与下列表达相区别：neither . nor . 既不也不 (两者都不选)；both . and . 和（两者都选）。4242Notes5. Much significant advancement was made during the fourth generation which laste

41、d from 1971 to 1990. 第四代是从1971年到1990年，这一时期有许多重大进步。 which 引导定语从句，修饰前面的限定词the fourth generation。6.The most historic change in this period is the application of the microprocessor. 这时期具有历史性的变化是微处理器的应用。注意historic与historical的区别：historic “历史上著名的, 有历史性的”，例如：WW is a historic event. “二战”是具有历史性意义的事件。historica

42、l 意思是“历史(上)的, 有关历史的”，例如：He wrote historical books. 他写历史书。4343Notes7.Computers of this generation had more power than those of earlier generations. 这一代电脑比以往几代都更具威力。those 做代词，代替computers。8.The fifth generation of computers is virtually difficult to define since we are undergoing this period and we hav

43、e no idea about what is the exact time to get into the next generation. 第五代电脑实际上很难界定，因为我们正处在这个时期而且也不知道进入下一代的具体时间。undergo意思是“经历, 遭受, 忍受”，例如：This town has undergone many changes. 这个城镇已经历了许多变迁。4444Notes9. Our current generation is referred to as a “global village” since the rapid expanding of network.

44、由于网络的迅速扩张，我们当前这一代被称为“地球村”。refer to 有以下几种用法：谈及，涉及 如：She doesnt like anyone referring to her mistakes. 她不喜欢任何人谈到她的错误。关系到，和牵涉 如：Does this refer to my brother? 这牵涉到我的兄弟吗？查询，查阅 如：He often refers to the grammar. 他经常查阅语法书。 10. The rapidly expanding new technology enables people around the globe to communic

45、ate with each other without effort. 迅速发展的新科技使全球的人能轻松地与他人交流。enable sb. to do sth. 意思是“使（人）能够”，例如：Light enables you to see. 光能使你看得见东西。4545Notes1. Computer 小常识。计算机可以按照其运行速度、大小和性能被划分为巨型机（Super Computers）,大型机（Mainframes）,小型机（Minicomputers）,微型机（Personal Computers）,工作站(Workstations)和服务器（Server）。46462扩展词汇。D

46、VD (Digital Video Disc) MP3 player MP3播放器 USB disk U盘 portable (removable) hard disk 移动硬盘 power supply 电源 OS (Operating System) 操作系统interface 接口 binary 二进制decimal 十进制 KB (Kilo Byte) 千字节MB (Million Byte) 兆字节 GB (Giga Byte) 吉字节 Notes4747Reading ComprehensionHigh and New TechnologyFor long-distance or

47、worldwide communications, computers and LANs(局域网) are usually connected into a WAN (Wide Area Network ) to form a single, integrated network. Two good examples of wide area networks are Internet and Arpanet. They transfer data and e-mail for university researchers and academics, commercial groups, m

48、ilitary installations（安装）and ordinary people.4848Reading ComprehensionNetworks can be linked together by either telephone lines or fibre-optic cables（光纤电缆）. For example, ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network 集成服务数据网) is a international standard for transmitting digital text, sound, voice and vid

49、eo data over telephone lines. On the other hand, FDDI (Fibre Distributed Data Interface光纤分布式数据接口) is a fibre-optic network. This new standard transmits data at great speed200 Mbps (megabits per second).4949Reading ComprehensionMany interesting and practical uses for information technology have recen

50、tly surfaced to make our personal lives richer and more entertaining. These applications range from recording video(录像) clips to creating personalized Web sites（个人网站）. What about you? How can information technology and microcomputers enhance your life?5050Reading ComprehensionModern telecommunicatio

51、ns（电信）use fibre-optic cables because data can be transmitted at a very high speed through the extremely wide bandwidths（宽带）of glass fibres. The fibre system operates by transmitting light pulses at high frequencies along the glass fibres. This offers considerable advantages. () the cables require li

52、ttle physical space; () they are safe because they dont carry electricity; () they avoid electromagnetic（电磁）interference.5151Reading ComprehensionNetworks on different continents can also be connected via（经过，通过）satellite; computers are connected by a modern either to ordinary telephone wires or fibr

53、e-optic cables, which are linked to a dish aerial(天线). This aerial has a large concave（凹的）reflector for the reception and sending of signals(信号). Then, when signals are received by the satellite, they are amplified(增强，放大) and sent on to workstations(工作站) in another part of the world.5252Reading Comp

54、rehension Questions 1. What are the examples of wide area networks?2. What can networks be linked by?3. Why do modern telecommunications use fibre-optic cables?4. How does the fibre system operate?5353译文计算机的发展如今，电脑已经成为我们日常生活的必需品。然而，几十年前我们对它还一无所知。电脑的发展经历了一个快速的演变。随着第一台电脑ENIAC的形成，50年代起就进入了现代电脑时代。电脑的历史可

55、以被分为五个时代。每个时代都标志着一个巨大的进步。很难对五个时期有一个清晰的界定。通常而言，第一代是从19511958年，这一时期电脑体积大，价格昂贵而且很不稳定。第一代电脑由真空管组成。第二代是从19591964年，这时期的特点是晶体管取代了真空管。数据被磁带或磁盘在电脑外部存储起来。因此，电脑变得更小巧、快速和可靠。5454第三代是从19651970年，它的标志是集成电路取代了晶体管。有了集成电路，这一代的电脑更小更快，它的记忆功能比以往电脑更强。第四代是从19711990年，这一时期有许多重大进步。这时期具有历史性的改变是微处理器的应用。这一代电脑比以往几代都更具威力。第五代是电脑实际上

56、很难界定，因为我们正处在这个时期而且也不知道进入下一代的具体时间。大概从1991年起至今是第五代。由于网络的迅速扩张，我们当前这一代被称为“地球村”。互联网将我们的电脑连在一起，我们可以在家里与遥远的朋友聊天。迅速发展的新科技使全球的人能轻松地与他人交流。译文5555高端新科技为了远程或世界范围的交流，电脑和局域网通常被连接到一个广域网上来组成一个单一的集成网络。 两个很好的广域网例子是互联网和Arpanet。它们为大学研究员、学术机构、商务集团、军事安装和普通人们传输数据和电子邮件。网络可以和电话线连接也可以和光纤电缆连接。例如：ISDN（集成服务数据网）是一个用电话线传输数字文本、声音和图

57、像数据的国际标准网。另外，FDDI（光纤分布式数据接口）是一个光纤电缆网络。这种新型标准以每秒200百万比特的速度传输数据。补充阅读5656现代电信使用光纤电缆因为数据可以快速通过非常宽的玻璃光纤传输。 这个光纤系统通过玻璃光纤以极高的频率传输光波。 这种系统有以下几个优点：电缆占用很少的物理空间；这种方式很安全，因为它并不带电；他们可以抵抗电磁干扰。不同大洲间的网络也可以通过卫星连接。电脑通过现代普通的电话线或用接着反射天线的光纤电缆来连接。 这个天线有一个很大的凹形反射器来接收和传送信号。然后，当信号被卫星接收，它们被放大并被送到世界另一角落的工作站。补充阅读5757思考题Lesson 2

58、 Development of ComputersEnglish to Chinese.(1) As the environmental pollution, various terrible diseases come into being. (2) Before you turn off a computer, make sure that you have stored the information.(3) We are undergoing an era when people are more and more independent.谢谢观赏!计算机专业英语 Lesson 3 H

59、ardware子目录Words and ExpressionsNotesReading Comprehension译文Lesson 3 Hardware补充阅读6161Hardware is a word to describe computer devices. It refers to the actual machinery that makes up computer systemthe CPU, input devices, output devices and storage devices. Some parts can be seen, and some parts canno

60、t be seen from the outside. With a computer, hardware is the physical partthe stuff you can touch, feel in your hand. Lesson 3 Hardware6262Hardware performs four major functions which are input, processing, output and storage. Input devices of a computer usually usually Keyboard , mouse ,modemand sc