中国科学院博士英语真题2005年

1、窗体顶端窗体底端中国科学院真题2005年(总分100, 考试时间90分钟)Part VocabularyDirections: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choke with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Marine biolog

2、ists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature _ to protect the dolphins.A reservationB rescueC reserveD refugee该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:A考形近词与同义词的辨析。reservation是“保留地，专用地，禁猎地”，指动物保护区；rescue是“援救，营救”；reserve是“储备物，收藏；自我克制”，如：reserve of foo

3、d(食物储备)；refugee指“逃亡者，难民”。根据句子大意，要发展一个海洋自然_来保护海豚，应该选择reservation。句子大意是：“海洋生物学家正在呼吁要将Cardigan海湾重新发展成一个海洋自然保护区来保护海豚。”2. Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this will _ the memory of the passers-by.A keepB easeC jogD enhance该题您未回答: &#

4、160;  该问题分值: 0.5 答案:C考动词搭配。难点在于熟悉动词的不熟悉用法。keep是“保持”，ease是“使悠闲；减轻，放松”；jog做不及物动词是“慢跑”，做及物动词是“摇动；唤起，提醒”，这是一个不太熟悉的用法；enhance是“提高，增强”。结合句子意思，应该选jog。3. Diamonds have little _ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A intricateB intactC intriguingD 

5、;intrinsic该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:D考形近词辨析。intricate是“复杂的，难以理解的”；intact是“完整的；未动过的”；intriguing是“迷人的，引起兴趣或好奇心的”；intrinsic是“(指价值、性质)固有的，内在的，本质的”。从搭配上来说应该选intrinsic。4. At the moment she is _ the netball match between the Japanese team and the Cuban team over at the playing field

6、.A arbitratingB interveningC refereeingD deciding该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:C考查同义词的辨析。netball是无板篮球，一种类似篮球的球赛；arbitrate是“进行仲裁”，一般指仲裁双方的纠纷等；intervene是“干涉，斡旋”，指来到中间以阻碍或改变某一行动，如：intervene to prevent a fight(调停以防止打架)；referee是“担任裁判”；decide是“决定，判决”。符合句子意思的是 referee。5.&

7、#160;Any time _, any period of waiting is because you haven't come and received the message.A errorB cutC lackD lag该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:D考查名词的搭配和习惯用法。句子意思是：“任何时间_，任何等待，都是因为你没有来，没收到有关信息。”error是“错误”；cut是“切断”，没有time cut的搭配，只有time cutout，指“定时停车”；lack是“缺失”；

8、lag是“落后”，指滞缓的持续时间或程度。此处只有lag和time搭配来表示“迟延的时间，时滞”才符合句子意思。6. James Joyce was _ as the greatest writer of the 20th century.A salutedB estimatedC scaledD measured该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:A考查动词的辨析。salute是“致意，问候；称赞”；estimate是“估计，恰当地推测(物品的数量、程度、规模、状况或价值)；评价”；sca

9、le足“攀登，爬上或超越”，如：scale the peak(爬上顶峰)；measure是“测量；估计”。从句子意思来看，salute是正确的选项。7. As a moralist, Virginia Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted morals, mocking, suggesting, and calling values into question _ asserting, advocating or bearing witness.A rather thanB

10、60;other thanC together withD as well as该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:A考连词用法。分析连同前后连接的两个部分的意思，发现有转折之意，判断所选连词应能表达转折含义，据此可以排除together with(和)和as well as(也，又)。rather than用来表示选择，“宁愿而不”。这一表达方式通常用在平行结构里，即与两个形容词、状语、名词或代词、不定式形式连用。故只能选 A。8. Scientists hope the collision will pro

11、duce a large crater in the comet's surface in order to reveal the core and give some _ to the origin of the solar system.A sourcesB interpretationsC cluesD observations该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:C考名词和介词to的搭配。句子是一个主从复合句，在从句中又有一个并列的目的状语。sources是“来源，出处”，一般与of搭配

12、；interpretations是“解释，说明；翻译”，也是与of搭配；clues是“线索；暗示”；observations(复数)是“观察资料；(观察后的)意见”。故从搭配和含义上都应该选clues。9. The Japanese Prime Minister's _ is a seat on the U N Security Council, for which he will be lobbying at the summit.A precedenceB promiseC priorityD procedure该题您未回答:

13、60;   该问题分值: 0.5 答案:C考形近词辨析。precedence是“(事情发生的)先后次序”；promise是“誓言，允诺，保证”，指答应别人能做到某事；priority是“优先，重点”，指优先考虑的事或值得优先注意的事；procedure是“过程，步骤”，在此也可以排除。根据句子意思，应选C。10. This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was _ 12 percent.A in case ofB in

14、 view ofC in face ofD in excess of该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:D考介词词组。in case of是“万一”；in view of是“鉴于；考虑到”；in face of是“面对”；in excess of是“越过；大于，多于”。根据上下文应该选in excess of，在句中表示“年增长率超过了12%”。11. How well a person _ depends just as much on whether they're self-confident a

15、s it does on particular skills and expertise.A jumps outB turns outC covers upD turns up该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:B考动词词组。句中as much. as表示“同一样多的，跟达到同一程度”。jump out是“跳出来”；turn out表示“证实；发觉是”，还可以表示“结果，变得”；cover up是“掩盖，包庇，隐匿”；turn up是“发现，找到；出现”。比较之下，B是正确选项，在句中表示“一个人结果

16、会变得怎样”。12. The skin of the forest keeper _ exposure to the harsh northwest weather.A is tanned fromB is colored fromC is tainted byD is encoded by该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:A考查动词词组和搭配。tan是“晒黑”；color是“给涂颜色”，用于被动式应该与by搭配；taint是“玷污；败坏；腐蚀”，常与with连用，如：be tainted

17、 with prejudices(受偏见的影响)；encode是“译成密码”。只有A从含义和搭配上均符合本句。13. The Court of Auditors of the EU is an _ body and acts independently from all other institutions.A indifferentB imperativeC impartialD 'incoherent该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:C考形近词辨析。从句子的后半部分寻找线索，可

18、以推断前半句应该谈的是该机构的公正和不偏不倚。indifferent是“冷漠的”；imperative是“急需的；必要的；强制的”；impartial是“公乎的，不偏不倚的”；incoherent是“不连贯的，语无伦次的”。14. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am _ to carrying out the plan.A committedB obligedC engagedD resolved该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:A考查

19、动词词组的用法。本句属于因果关系。commit是“提交；答应负责”，而be committed to是“致力于”，一般后面跟名词或动名词；be obliged to是“被迫做”，一般后面接动词的不定式；be engaged是“约定；与订婚”； resolve to是“下决心做”，没有be resolved to的用法。只有A符合句意。15. The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _.A struck outB left outC ruled outD counted out该题您未回

20、答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:C考动宾搭配。所选动词词组应该能和possibilities搭配。strike out是“精力充沛地开始”；leave out是“忽略，遗漏，不考虑”；rule out是“不考虑；排除出去”，如：The option of starting over has been ruled out重新开始这种选择已被排除考虑。count out是“不包括”，如：If it's going to be a crowdy party, count me out(如果那是一个吵闹的聚会，别把我算在内。)一般用rule ou

21、t来搭配possibilities。句子大意为：秋季选举的可能性不会被排除在外。16. Hotels and restaurants are an _ part of the city; without them the city's tourist industry can not exist.A insignificantB integralC interiorD inevitable该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:B考形近词辨析。根据句子后半句“没有它们，城市的旅游业就无法

22、生存”，可以判断旅馆和饭店应该是一个城市不可分割的一部分。再看四个选项，insignificant是“不重要的”；integral是“构成整体所必须的；应有的”，符合句子意思；interior是“内部的”；inevitable是“不可避免的”。17. I reject any religious doctrine that does not _ to reason and is in conflict with morality.A applyB appealC attractD attend该题您未回答:   &

23、#160;该问题分值: 0.5 答案:B考动词与to构成的搭配。apply to是“将应用于”；appeal to是“诉诸，求助于”；attract是“吸引”，是及物动词，不需要带to，只有be attracted to(受到吸引)的用法；attend to是“注意，留心；照顺，护理”。应该选appeal to，句子大意为：我反对任何不诉诸于理性并与道德相违背的宗教教义。18. There are three bodies of writing that come to _ this question and we will consider each in turn.A 

24、bear onB sort outC figure outD put on该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:Abear on是“涉及，关于”；sort out是“整理好，挑选出”；figure out是“计算出，领会到”；put on是“穿衣服；假装”。根据句子的上下文，选择bear on，句子大意为：有三种写作体裁涉及这个问题，我们将逐一进行考虑。19. Success does not _ in never making mistakes but in never making the same

25、 one a second time.A compriseB conveyC consistD conform该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:C考动词与介词in的搭配。comprise是“包含，由组成”；convey是“传送，传播；传达”。convey和comprise一样，都是及物动词，在使用时不用搭配介词。consist in是“存在于”；conform只和to搭配，表示“符合；遵照”。所以从含义和搭配上，只有consist是正确的选项。20. Thousands perished,

26、 but the Japanese wished to _ the extent of the cruel acts committed by their soldiers.A live up toB mark downC size upD play down该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 0.5 答案:D考动词词组的含义。本句是转折关系。live up to是“实行；达到(的期望)”；mark down是“记下，削减的价目”；size up是“估计；作出一种看法或判断”。根据句子的转折关系，选择play do

27、wn。句子大意是：成千上万的人毁灭掉了，而日本人却想降低他们的士兵所犯暴行的程度。Part ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.  

28、0;Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that need  (21)  . A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from  (22)  our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n)  (23)  : If a

29、 fire broke out in someone's home  (24)  faulty wiring, he would not be content with  (25)  putting out the fire.  (26)  , he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a  

30、;(27)  .   Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with  (28)  self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt, one of two ways:  (29)  that he has d

31、one wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a  (30)  that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a  (31)  with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the &#

32、160;(32)  of Mr. Y's misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is  (33)  of pathological guilt.   When people do research on a particular challenge and make a dec

33、ision, the decision may  (34)  unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right &#

34、160;(35)  having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.21. A connectionB correctionC recoveryD repetition该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:B考查名词词义辨析。各选项意思：A“联系”；B“改正”；C“康复”；D“重复”。再看这句话的意思：“不是要发生什么危险，就是已经发生了什么需要改变的。”因此，B正确。22. A underestimati

35、ngB displayingC violatingD deteriorating该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:C考查动词词义辨析和搭配。首先，我们必须知道原句中keep.from (让不能)这个词组的意思。再看各个选项：A“低估”；B“展示”；C“违背”；D“恶化”。从全句意思“苦恼的感觉是好的，如果它不会让我们自己的价值观”可以断定violating“违背”最切题意。因此，C正确。23. A hypothesisB definitionC experimentD

36、60;analogy该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:D考查名词词义辨析。各选项意思：A“假说”；B“定义”；C“试验”；D“类比”；根据下文“因接错电线而引起火灾”的例子，可以判断出analogy切题。因此，D正确。24. A due toB but forC withD under该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:A考查句子关系。“如果某个人家失火，接线错误。”可以判断主从句是因果关系。能表示因果关系的只有选项A。注意：due to后面跟

37、名词性词组，跟这个词组相似的是owing to。两者的区别在于前者能够用于to be之后，后者则不可以。25. A devotedlyB primarilyC timelyD merely该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:D考查形容词和副词的用法。根据句意“他不会满足于灭火”，可以推断“仪仅”切合题意。因此，D正确。26. A ThereforeB RatherC AnywayD Consequentl该题您未回答:  &#

38、160; 该问题分值: 1 答案:B考查句子关系。根据上文我们可以判断“反之”切合题意。因此，B正确。27. A distressB renewalC conflictD recurrence该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:D考查名词词义辨析。各选项意思：A“痛苦，苦恼；B“更换”；C“与冲突”，常与with搭配；D recurrence“重现”。根据题意“我们必须在性格上做必要的调整来防止”可以判断“重现”切题，而且也和文章一开头的needs correction“需要改正”相照

39、应。因此，D正确。28. A lowB exaltedC sincereD much该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:A考查形容词与名词的搭配。首先要清楚self-esteem“自尊，自负”的意思，然后看四个选项哪个能够修饰它：low“贬低的，低微的”，可以修饰self-esteem；exalted主要指人的地位“高贵的”；sincere主要形容人、感情或行为“真心诚意的”；much也能和self-esteem形成搭配，意思是：自尊心比较强的”。从文意和搭配上看只能选C。29. A&

40、#160;ImplyB AdmitC DenyD Argue该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:C考查动词词义。跟据题意“自己做错了来保护脆弱的自我”可以断定“否认”切合题意。因此，C正确。30. A prescriptionB communicationC confirmationD perception该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:C考查名词词义辨析。各选项意思：A“药方，处方”；B“通信”；C“证实；确定

41、”；D“感觉，知觉”。这里谈论自卑的人的感觉，他们自己肯定自己就是一文不值或者不可救药。因此，C正确。31. A contactB disagreementC relationshipD concern该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:B考查名词词义及逻辑关系。从exchanges angry words可以判断Mr. L与Mr. Y之间有分歧(disagreement)，故选B。32. A causeB originC cureD witne

42、ss该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:A考查名词词义及逻辑关系。根据“L先生感觉白已是Y先生不幸的”可以判断“原因”切合题意。因此，A正确。33. A recordB proofC evidenceD description该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:C考查名词词义辨析。根据题意“这是不合逻辑的想法，是一种病态负罪感的”，可判断evidence(证明)正确。34. A attach toB turn toC

43、 load toD take to该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:C考查动词词组辨析。根据题意“决定可能不理想的后果”可以判断应该选择“导致”这个意思。而attach to多用于以下两种情况：1)attach sbto sth“短期参加”；2)(正式用语)与有关联。35. A atB inC asD for该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:B考查形容词与介词的搭配。right的意思很多，和介词搭配时，介词多放在它的前面(

44、在其后面的情况也有一些，比如：right as rain=perfectly healthy“非常健康的”)。在本文是“正确的”意思，只能与in构成搭配，因此选B。Part Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Re

45、ad each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage One   Jeans were invented a little over a century ago an

46、d are currently the world's most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nationality. From their origins as pure workwear, they have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal.   

47、In the mid 1940s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwear, gained a new status in the U. S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported by both men and women, by returning GI's and sharp tee

48、nagers, they seemed as clean and strong as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levi's were left behind by American armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European population's first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to

49、copy the U. S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing.   In the 1950s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in music and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rock'n'roll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance, and jean

50、s became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social morals. When Elvis Presley sang in "Jailhouse Rock", his denim prison uniform carried a potent, virile image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like "The Wild One" and "Rebel Without

51、a Cause" cult figures Marion Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels, embraced it.   By the beginning of the 1960s, slim jeans had become a leisure wear staple, as teens

52、 began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned (包围在) in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid 1960s jeans had acquired yet another social connotationas the uniform of the budding social and sexual revolution

53、. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations off the streets of Paris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue.36. Je

54、ans were first designed for _.A soldiersB workmenC teenagersD cowboys该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:D细节题。原文第，段的第2句话说，“最初作为工作服的牛仔裤已经运用到了时装领域的各个层面，并因其无与伦比的舒适和吸引力为全世界所接受。”37. In the mid 1940s, jeans gained popularity because _.A they made the wearer look clean

55、and toughB they were comfortable and looked friendlyC they were the outward symbol of the mainstream societyD they stood for freedom and a strong character该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:D细节题。回到原文，找到题干中提到的具体时间。第2段一开头就说20世纪40年代中期，二战结束，原先几乎只作为工作服的牛仔裤在美国和欧洲赢得了新的地位。接下来就解释了其原因。3

56、8. What does the "real thing" refer to in the second paragraph?A Authentic Levi'B WorkweaC Casual weaD Jeans of European styl该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:A指代题。首先找到提到real thing“真货”的原文。这里的real thing指的就是同一句话里的the U. S. originals“美国原版牛仔裤”，也就是前文所提到的sur

57、plus Levi's，即在欧洲限量供应的由美国部队留下来的利维斯牛仔裤。因此A“正宗利维斯牛仔裤”是正确答案。39. The popularity of Elvis Presley's way of dressing illustrates that _.A teenagers wanted to look sexyB people desired to look strong and manlyC jeans went well with rock'n' rollD Americans were more r

58、ebellious than Europeans该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:B推理题。第3段中有这样一句话：when Elvis Presley sang in. carried a potent, virile image也就是猫王唱歌时穿上这种粗斜纹棉布牢服显得很强壮、男子气，女孩子们被迷得神魂颠倒，故选项B应为正确答案。40. The last sentence suggests that jeans were _.A used for military purposesB the symbol of

59、 the ideal of social equalityC Worn by all kinds of peopleD the outfit of social improvement该题您未回答:    该问题分值: 1 答案:B解这道题的关键在于能否看出这句话和它前面那句话的关系。最后一句话给的是一个事实：即人们穿着牛仔裤在各种场合，包括争取民权的运动、巴黎街头的反战示威游行、静坐或罢工，以及交友聚会的出现。给出一个事实的目的从来不是为了说明事实，而是为了证明一个观点。因此，选项B为正确答案。Passage Two  &

60、#160;The ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases. Researchers now suggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of

61、 natural selection.   Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 percent of the world's Jewish population.   Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of

62、 any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27 percent of U. S. Nobel science prize winners.   But the group is also

63、 associated with several neurological disorders, including TaySachs, Gaucher's, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system. Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases.   Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as money lending and banking which were