CCNA培训课件3、第三课：IP 编址与子网化

1、第三课IP 编址与子网化编址与子网化q断点连接需要确定的地址q路径选择TCP/IP地址介绍172.18.0.2172.18.0.1172.17.0.2172.17.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.1SADAHDRDATA10.13.0.0192.168.1.010.13.0.1192.168.1.1IP 地 址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost32 bitsIP 地 址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost1286432168421 11111111 11111111 1

2、1111111 11111111Binary32 bits18 916 1724 2532128643216842112864321684211286432168421IP 地 址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost1286432168421 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100Binary32 bits 172 16 122 204ExampleDecimalExampleBinary18 916 1724 253212864321

3、6842112864321684211286432168421nClass A: nClass B: nClass C: nClass D: 多播地址 nClass E: 科研用IP 地址分类NetworkHostHostHostNetwork NetworkHostHostNetwork Network NetworkHost8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bitsIP 地址分类1Class A:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost8 916 1724 2532Range (1-126)1Class B:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost8 916

4、 1724 2532Range (128-191)1Class C:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost8 916 17242532Range (192-223)1Class D:Bits:1110MMMMMulticast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group8 916 17242532Range (224-239)主机地址172.16.2.1172.16.3.10172.16.12.1210.1.1.110.250.8.1110.180.30.118E1172.161212网络网络主机主机.网络网络端口端口172.16.0.0

5、10.0.0.0E0E1路由表路由表172.16.2.110.6.24.2E0 11111111计算可用的主机地址 172 16 0 0 10101100 00010000 00000000 0000000016151413121110 987654321网络网络主机主机 00000000 00000001 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110. 00000000 00000011 11111101123655346553565536-.265534N2N-2 = 216-2 = 65534IP地址分类练习地址地址类别类别网络网络主机主机10.2.1.1128

6、.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10IP地址分类练习（答案）地址地址类别类别网络网络主机主机10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10ABCCBNonexistent10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16n网络 172.16.0.0172.16.0.0不设子网的地址172.1

7、6.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3.172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254n网络 172.16.0.0设置子网的地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150E0172.16网络网络网络网络端口端口172.16.0.0172.16.0.0E0E1新路由表新路由表 2160主机主机.172.16.3.1E1子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2

8、172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150172.16.3.1E0E1172.162160网络网络主机主机.网络网络端口端口172.16.2.0172.16.3.0E0E1新路由表新路由表子网子网子网掩码1721600255255002552552550IPAddressDefaultSubnetMask8-bitSubnetMaskNetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost“/16” 表示子网掩码有表示子网掩码有16位位.“/24”表示子网掩码有表示子网掩码有24位位. 11111111

9、 111111110000000000000000十进制和二进制的转换10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=25411111111=255128 643216842116网络网络主机主机172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000n缺省情况下子网未划分00000010缺省情况下的子网掩码172.16.2.160 255.255.0.

10、0网络号网络号n扩展了8位地址的网络利用子网掩码划分子网16网络网络主机主机172.16.2.160 255.255.255.017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010子网子网网络号网络号128192224240248252254255利用子网掩码划分子网网络网络主机主机172.16.2.160 255.255.255.1921010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100001111111

11、10000001010100000110000001000000000000010子网子网n扩展了10位地址的网络161722128网络好网络好128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255子网掩码练习地址地址子网掩码子网掩码类别类别子网子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0子网掩码练习（答案）地址地址子网掩码子网掩码类别类别子网子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.

12、240.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.16.010.30.36.0广播地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0172.16.3.255(Directed broadcast)255.255.255.255(Local network broadcast)172.16.255.255(All subnets broadcast)地址汇总示例16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.25

13、5.255.19241地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212161722160地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921237161722160地址汇总示例1

14、01011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234161722160地址汇总示例10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722

15、160地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160地址汇总示例101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLast

16、First172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234567161722160地址汇总示例10101100111111111010110000010000111111110001000011111111000000101010000011000000100000000000001010101100000100000000001010111111101011000001000000000010 1000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.2

17、55.19212345678161722160地址汇总示例10101100111111111010110000010000111111110001000011111111000000101010000011000000100000000000001010101100000100000000001010111111101011000001000000000010 1000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192172.16.2.128172.16.

18、2.191172.16.2.129172.16.2.190123456789161722160IP Host Address: 172.16.2.121Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0nSubnet Address = 172.16.2.0nHost Addresses = 172.16.2.1172.16.2.254nBroadcast Address = 172.16.2.255nEight bits of subnettingNetworkSubnetHost10101100000100000000001011111111172.16.2.121:255.255.25

19、5.0:1010110011111111Subnet: 1010110000010000000100001111111100000010000000101111111101111001 0000000000000000B类地址子网规划Broadcast:Network子网划分Other subnets192.168.5.16192.168.5.32192.168.5.4820 子网子网5 主机主机/子网子网C类地址：类地址： 192.168.5.011111000IP Host Address: 192.168.5.121Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248NetworkS

20、ubnet Host192.168.5.121: 1100000011111111Subnet: 1100000010101000101010001111111100000101000001011111111101111001 01111000255.255.255.248:C类地址子网规划nSubnet Address = 192.168.5.120nHost Addresses = 192.168.5.121192.168.5.126nBroadcast Address = 192.168.5.127nFive Bits of SubnettingBroadcast:NetworkNetw

21、ork11000000101010000000010101111111广播地址练习地址地址类别类别子网子网广播地址广播地址201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248子网掩码子网掩码15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128广播地址练习（答案）153.50.6.127地址地址类别类别子网子网广播地址广播地址201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56子网掩码子网掩码15.16.193.6 255.

22、255.248.0A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128B153.50.6.0配置交换机的管理性IP地址Switch(config)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask （1900）Switch(config)#ip default-gateway ip-addressn指明缺省网关Switch(config)#intface vlan 1Switch(config-if)#ip addres

23、s ip-address subnet-mask nCatalyst 2900 的配置nCatalyst 1900 的配置配置路由器的IP地址n指明IP地址和子网掩码n在路由器的端口配置模式下设置地址n配置第二的地址Router(config-if)#ip address ip-address subnet-maskSwitch(config)#intface ehternet 0 Router(config-if)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask secondary n利用IP地址静态映射主机地址n通过IP地址和主机名称选择端口路由器的IP主机命名Router(config)#ip host name tcp-port-numberaddress addressip host Norine 172.16.3.1 192.168.3.1ip host Roger 172.16.4.3n指明一个或多个名称服务器来