虚拟语气fuxi公开课

1、 Revision of subjunctive mood江苏省建湖高级中学江苏省建湖高级中学 王友建王友建 2016.04.07Q:Whats the difference between the two sentences?If I am free, I will visit you. If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. （虚拟条件句虚拟条件句） (真实条件句真实条件句）If he had hurried yesterday, he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad in

2、 the future, I would go to America.If I won the lottery now, I would buy an expensive car. 现在事实相反现在事实相反过去事实相反过去事实相反将来事实相反将来事实相反Step1: If条件句：条件句： 假设假设时间时间 If 条件句条件句(谓动谓动)主主 句句(谓动谓动)现在现在过去过去将来将来would/could/should/might+ do did（were）had donewould/could/should/might +have donewere to dowould/could/shoul

3、d/might+ do should dodid/werehadnt broken If the fire _ ( not break)out , no one_ (be killed)in the disaster that day. If I _(become) a leader of Shanghai , I _ (prevent) such disasters from happening again in the future.would have been killedwere to become/should become/ becamewould prevent注意点总结：注意

4、点总结：哪些情态动词可以表示假设或虚拟语气？哪些情态动词可以表示假设或虚拟语气？2. 表示虚拟时表示虚拟时if 从句时态变化特点从句时态变化特点1. would/could/might/ should虚拟语气虚拟语气If型特例型特例1：省略：省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句：用法：用法：从句中有从句中有 were, had 或或 should 时，时， 省略省略if ，而把它们放在句首。，而把它们放在句首。3. If you had not helped me，I should have failed.2. If he should fail in the experiment this ti

5、me, he would try again. 1. If I were you, I would not do that.Were I you, I would not do that.Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.Had you not helped me, I should have failed. If the fire hadnt broken out , no one would have been killed in the disaster that day.=Had the fir

6、e not broken out, If I were to become/ should become/ became a leader of Shanghai , I would prevent such disasters from happening again in the future.=Were I to become/ Should I become a leader of Shanghai, He _ twice as much for the dress had the salesman insisted, for he really loved its color and

7、 style.A. would pay B. should pay C. would have paid D. should have paid虚拟语气虚拟语气If型特例型特例1：错综条件句：错综条件句：定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.与过去相反与过去相反与现在相反与现在相反If the wind _(not be)so strong at that time,the result _ (not become)so bad now. would n

8、ot becomehad not been注意点总结：注意点总结：3. 如果虚拟条件从句时，从句中的谓语动词如果虚拟条件从句时，从句中的谓语动词包含包含 _等时，可以省略等时，可以省略if采用部分倒装形式。采用部分倒装形式。4. 错综虚拟条件句错综虚拟条件句 were/ had/should wish + 宾语从句宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：将来：将来：过去时 (did/were)过去完成时 (had done)would/could/might +V. I wish I were a bird. (现在现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去

9、过去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来未来)二、类似二、类似if 从句型（从句型（1）If only ，as if/though 与与wish用法一样用法一样I wish every day _(be)my birthday.wereI wish/wished I _( not eat ) so much watermelon.hadnt eatenI felt as if we _(know) each other for years.1.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it lo

10、oks as if it _(be) broken.2.我觉得我们好像认识多年了。我觉得我们好像认识多年了。had known 3.If only I _(see) the film！真愿我能看过那部电影！真愿我能看过那部电影！ had seenwere would rather + that （从句）（从句） 宁愿宁愿过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去过去现在现在/将来将来二、类似二、类似 if 从句型（从句型（2）虚拟语气虚拟语气Id rather you went tomorrow (now). 宁愿你明天宁愿你明天(现在现在)去。去。 Id rather you hadnt done

11、 that. 宁愿你没这样做。宁愿你没这样做。 I would rather you _(pay) me now（tomorrow）. I would rather you _ (go) there yesterday. paid had goneIts (high) time +that过去时过去时 (were/did )should(不省不省) +V.你该走了。你该走了。Its time that you went.Its time that you should go.我们该去我们该去复习功课复习功课了。了。Its time that we _(go) over our lessons.

12、Its time that we should go over our lessons.二、类似二、类似 if 从句型（从句型（2）wentWe are too busy now . We are too busy now . Otherwise/or we _(go) to see the Asian Games. If we _(be not)so busy,we could go to see the Asian Games.could gowerent二、类似二、类似 if 主句型（主句型（4）虚拟语气虚拟语气but for +n(要不是要不是), without +n, otherw

13、ise(否则否则)，in that case，一些短语其后的句子与一些短语其后的句子与if主句用法一致。主句用法一致。+句子句子would/could/should/might +dowould/could/should/might +have done现在现在/将来将来过去过去1. Without sunlight , or water or air , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C can be D must be 2 But for the snow , we _ earlier . A will arri

14、ve B would have arrived C arrive D arrived She was ill yesterday.Marys birthday partyShe was ill yesterday. _Otherwise, she would have attended Marys birthday party.三个建议三个建议四个要求四个要求insistorder, commandadvise, suggest, proposedemand, desire, require, request其后的宾语从句及以其其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词同根名词引导的主语，表引导的主语，表语

15、，同位语从句中。语，同位语从句中。虚拟语气虚拟语气五、五、Should +v 型型两个命令两个命令一个坚持一个坚持1.在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的词有：句中。这种用法的词有：虚拟语气虚拟语气类似用法的词有：类似用法的词有：necessary，strange，natural，urgent，important， a pity五、五、Should + V 型型2. It is +adj +that .Its necessary that we should have a walk .Its urgent that she shoul

16、d do so.Its important that we should take good care of the patient.1. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go We shall hardly please everyone, nor is it necessary that we _. A. need B. should C. can D. may could have done

17、might have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done would have done wouldnt have done neednt have done四、情态动词的虚拟四、情态动词的虚拟过去本来能做但却没做过去本来能做但却没做过去本可以做但却没做过去本可以做但却没做过去本该做但却没做过去本该做但却没做过去本不该做但却做了过去本不该做但却做了过去本没必要做但却做了过去本没必要做但却做了本会做但却没做本会做但却没做本不会做但却做了本不会做但却做了While it wasnt the goal of the

18、 trip, I was rewarded with fresh insights(见见解解)，ones that _ to me during the regular course of business. A. neednt have happened B. could have happened C. would never have happened D. must have happened译：虽然这并不是这次旅行的目标，但是我收获了新鲜的思考，译：虽然这并不是这次旅行的目标，但是我收获了新鲜的思考，而这些在我日常的办公中是绝对不会想到的。而这些在我日常的办公中是绝对不会想到的。Su

19、bjective moodIf 型型Should +do型型类似类似if型型情态动词情态动词。错综条件句错综条件句(各自为准各自为准)Were, had ,should提前，省略提前，省略if1. 一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。三个建议，四个要求。2. It is（necessary，urgent,strange）+thatwish / if only/as ifwould ratherIt is (high) time thatBut for/otherwise/ without/in that case1.过去式过去式2.过去完成过去完成3.could/wo

20、uld/might +do1.过去式过去式2.过去完成过去完成过去式过去式should（不省）（不省） + do同同 if 主句主句insistsuggest情态动词情态动词+have done过去本过去本但却未但却未 判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2. 判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3. 判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间NowHe is frustrated(沮丧的沮丧的).His mother is ill.He wants to study medicine.In the pastHe studied business.Bill a manager If I (1)_ (not study) busines

21、s at unversity, I (2)_ (not be) a manager now. If I had taken an alternative path(换了专业换了专业) and (3) _ (study) medicine, I would have a lot of technical knowledge （专业知专业知识识）. If I (4)_ (know) a lot about medicine now, I (5) _ (be) able to help my sick mother. lf I could help my sick mother, I (6)_ (n

22、ot be) so frustrated. had not studied would not be had studied knew would be would not be Lets practice(1) 1.-Awfully sorry indeed, I _(come) to your birthday party if.-Forget it . I know you were out on business.2.I could have finished my report last weekend, but the math classes and exercises _(ta

23、ke) up my spare time.would have cometook 判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2. 判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3. 判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间 I _(lose) my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It _(be) wonderful to see ag

24、ain, but a disaster _(can) do strange things to people. It _(occur) to me the other day that I _(not come) to love life as I do if I hadnt been blind. I believe in life now. I wouldnt have believed in it so deeply as I do o_. I dont mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that

25、the loss of them _(make) me appreciate more what I had left. 3.语法填空：语法填空： would belostcanoccurredmight not have comeotherwisemade4. If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems urgent, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communi

26、cation between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants wont bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their des

27、perate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration. What is the possible meaning of the word “deterioration” in the paragraph? A. worsening of general situation B. lowering of mor

28、al standards C. declining of physical constitution D. spreading of evil conduct 词义猜测 should5.真题示例真题示例 (2015 课标课标I，阅读，阅读D) The citys “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about

29、love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehannes group just to learn to say what they feel. “Theres a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up,” Lehanne says shed like to see psychology cafes all over France