浙江新高考英语概要写作初探(整理稿)(黄岩中学杨谢友)教案资料

1、构建读写结合新常态，积极应对新高考写作构建读写结合新常态，积极应对新高考写作(xizu)(xizu)概要写作概要写作(xizu)(xizu)初探初探黄岩中学黄岩中学(zhngxu) 杨杨谢友谢友第一页，共27页。一、概要写作简述1. 概念与考查能力2. 考查内容与要求3. 写作现状(xinzhung)简析4. 基本步骤与技巧二、备考设想1. 分阶段指导，力求循序渐进2. 注重语篇教学，读后概要写作3. 拓宽写作途径，构建读写新常态第二页，共27页。1. 概念与考查(koch)能力A summary is a short statement that gives only the main po

2、ints of sth, not the details. 牛津(ni jn)高阶英汉双解词典 摘要是一种对原始文献或文章的基本摘要是一种对原始文献或文章的基本(jbn)(jbn)内容进行浓缩的语内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文义连贯的短文. . 考查能力考查能力: 阅读理解能力阅读理解能力, 分析判断能力，概括能力，表达能力分析判断能力，概括能力，表达能力第三页，共27页。考试说明中对阅读理解要求(yoqi)的描述：（1）理解主旨和要义 任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），

3、亦会理解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考察考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。（5）理解文章的基本结构 英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括 文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作 用是交待该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这一主题。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑。（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度 每篇文章都有一个特

4、定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确(mngqu)表达出来的，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。第四页，共27页。2. 考查考查(koch)内容内容与要求与要求考试说明考试说明题型题型2：概要写作。提供一篇：概要写作。提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求学词以内的短文，要求学生基生基于该短文写出一篇于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容摘要。阅卷词左右的内容摘要。阅卷时将时将主要考虑以下内容：主要考虑以下内容：（1）对原文要点）对原文要点(yodin)的理解和呈现情况；的理解和呈现情况；（

5、2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；）上下文的连贯性；（4）对各要点）对各要点(yodin)表达的独立性情况。表达的独立性情况。第五页，共27页。评分原则评分原则(yunz)1. 本题总分为本题总分为25分，按分，按5个档次给分。个档次给分。2. 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3. 词数少于词数少于40的和多于的和多于80的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2分。分。4.

6、 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： （1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；）上下文的连贯性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。）对各要点表达的独立性情况。5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的程度予以方面，评分时，应视其对交际的程度予以考虑。考虑。6. 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。一个档次。第六页，共27页。第五第五(d w)(d

7、 w)档（档（21-2521-25分）要求分）要求n理解准确，涵盖全部要点理解准确，涵盖全部要点;n能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇;n有效有效(yuxio)地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要要n结构紧凑结构紧凑;n完全使用自己的语言。完全使用自己的语言。第七页，共27页。3. 写作写作(xizu)现现状简析状简析典型问题内容上：要点遗漏或主观添加；概括不到位语言(yyn)上：不够简洁; 基本错误多结构上：缺乏连贯；改变结构第八页，共27页。Step 1. Determine the type of writing and

8、 identify the topic as well as the authors purposeStep 2. Divide the passage & summarize the main idea of each partStep 3. Highlight the key information of each partStep 4. Make an outline of the passage Step 5. Write the first draftStep 6. Revise the summary4.4.基本步骤基本步骤(bzhu)(bzhu)与与技巧技巧第九页，共27

9、页。 提炼提炼内容内容(nirng) 整合整合 删除(shnch)细节删除(shnch)具体例子（引用一两个说明问题即可）避免重复 同义转换同义转换: 近义词、同义词等替换近义词、同义词等替换语言语言 句子重构句子重构: 调整词类、时态调整词类、时态(sh ti)、语态等、语态等 逻辑：逻辑：衔接（衔接（照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接 ） 技巧技巧第十页，共27页。Common transitional wordsTime-Sequence first, later, next, then, finallyExamplefor example, for instance, such asLi

10、stingfirst, second, last, another, nextContinuationalso, in addition, and, further, besidesContrastbut, however, on the other hand, yet, in contrast, nevertheless, otherwiseComparisonsimilarly, likewise, also, likeCause-Effectbecause, thus, therefore, since, hence, consequently,Condition - resultif

11、then; if therefore第十一页，共27页。二、备考设想二、备考设想1.分阶段指导分阶段指导(zhdo)，力求循序渐进，力求循序渐进第十二页，共27页。M1U4: Writing a summary of a passage means looking for the main idea of each part and putting it down in a sentence. Look at each paragraph of the reading passage and write down its main idea. Para.1: Before the earthq

12、uake strange things began to happen but no one paid attention to them.Para.2: The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan.Para. 3: The people were very shocked at the destruction.Para. 4: The army came to help the survivors, bringing hope for a new life.Summary:_第十三页，共27页。 lawyer guidance legal ho

13、peful vote attack fight violence equal blow up out of work as a matter of fact reach a stage where According to these key words, write a summary about Elias Story: _M1U5: Elias Story第十四页，共27页。M4U3: A master of non-verbal humorWhy people needed cheering upWhat Charlies childhood was likeWhat his most

14、 famous character was likeAn example of a sad situation that he made funnyHis achievementsIn Britain and America people were feeling miserable because of the bad economic situation. Charlie understood their problems. His character “the little tramp” was poor and homeless, but everybody loved him for

15、 his kind heart and the way he dealt with his difficult situation. Charlie Chaplin made people laugh at some of these terrible situations like being without food or money. He wrote and directed his own films and received an Oscar for his outstanding work. (76 words)第十五页，共27页。 2. 注重语篇教学注重语篇教学(jio xu)

16、，读后进行概要写，读后进行概要写作作（1）把握文本体裁结构，培养学生语篇意识 注重培养学生在阅读过程中整体把握文本大意并探索语篇结构及其意义的意识与能力，帮助学生在大脑里建立起阅读文本体裁的形式图式。 篇章类型(lixng)：说明类 (Exposition)议论类 (Argumentation)叙事类 (Narration)描写类 (Description)第十六页，共27页。Style of writing： Exposition （problem-solution）Main idea: Chemical fertilizers can cause many problems, so org

17、anic farming is becoming more popular.第十七页，共27页。Write a summary of this passage following the procedures.Step 1: Skim the passage to find its main idea. Write it down in your own words.Step 2: Find and underline the topic sentence of each paragraph. Rewrite each topic sentence, using your own words.

18、 Do not copy from the passage!Step 3: Write your summary. First state the main idea of the passage and then the topics covered by each paragraph. Remember, use your own words!Step 4: Swap summaries with your partners and give each other comments. Check your partners summary for the main idea and top

19、ic sentences.第十八页，共27页。Para.1: In recent days, scientists have discovered that using chemical fertilizers for a long time can hurt the land and also peoples health.Para.2: There are several problems caused by chemical fertilizers.Para.3: Organic farming is becoming more popular with some farmers and

20、 many customers after these discoveries came out.Para.4: There are many organic farming methods for making the land healthy and productive. Summary: _第十九页，共27页。（2）围绕各类文体，开展过程性写作(xizu)训练议论文：主题概括Authors opinion (Topic sentence): Supporting reasons (Supporting sentences):1.2.3.Conclusion The article gi

21、ves the view thatshould/shouldnt（主题）.（补充论据）.The passage highlights the importance of.The author argues that第二十页，共27页。说明文：段意合并说明文：段意合并(hbng)现象类：现象类： Problem + reason (reason1, reason2.)+ solution (step1, 2, 3)介绍介绍(jisho)说明类说明类: description + features (feature1, feature2.) 第二十一页，共27页。记叙文：要素记叙文：要素(yo s

22、)串联串联Wh: 1. Who2. When 3. Where4. What happened?5. How6. The lesson（夹叙夹议的文章需要加入教益或教训）点明(din mn)写作目的The writer tells us（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情节）.作者经历类In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which他人经历类This passage is mainly about sbs experience of

23、 doing sth第二十二页，共27页。n写读书/读报摘要n运用新概念(ginin)英语的素材n3. 拓宽概要(giyo)写作途径，构建读写新常态第二十三页，共27页。 On cold winter morning on December 17th last year, a small blue car stopped on a bridge in a provincial town in northern Germany. There men dressed in heavy black coats out and stood on the bridge. While they waite

24、d there, they kept on looking over the side. Fifteen minutes later, a motor boat sailed past and drew up by the river bank. Three men got out of the boat and looked up at the bridge. The men on the bridge silently walked down the stone steps leading to the river bank. No words were spoken when they

25、met the men from the boat. After a while, the motorboat moved off and three men returned to the bridge. Now, only two of them were wearing black coats. The third was dressed in a light grey jacket. Anyone who had been watching the scene might not have realized that two master spies had been exchanged on that cold winter morning. 新概念新概念(ginin)英语第三册英语第三册第二十四页，共27页。nDid the car stop or not?nHow many men got out?nHow were they dressed?nWhere did they stand?nWhere did they keep looking?nDid a motorboat appear or not?nWhere did it stop? nWhere did the men go?nWhy did they go to th