论李尔王中真诚的爱和虚伪的爱的对比

1、AcknowledgementsThanks for giving me this chance to achieve this paper and to make the conclusion for my four years education. Through writing this paper, I have gained more knowledge than I supposed.My sincere thanks are due to my supervisor, Wang Meng for helping me to clarify my thought and sharp

2、en my thinking.Here, I also want to give my thanks to other teachers and my classmates who gave me much help. Thank you!AbstractKing Lear is one of Shakespeare's four great tragedies. It was adapted from a legendary story of England in the eighteenth century. The story takes place around the 8th

3、 century. In this play, a large number of natural images were included in the breadth and depth of the text greatly expanded the field. The use of natural intention not only makes the whole work structure more comfortable, more ambitious momentum, but also makes the natural itself detached its mater

4、iality, and was given a rich symbolic significance. The story tells the story of the king of the king has been high after the abdication, the eldest daughter and two daughters rushed to the wilderness, became the Queen of France three daughter led his army to save his father, but was killed, Ki

5、ng Lear died sadly Beside her. In the King Lear there is a lot of love. There is a sincere, there are hypocritical. The way of expressing love is different and the purpose is different. Cordella's love for Lear is different from her two sisters, but her heart is sincere to her father. Kent's

6、 loyalty to Lear, follow, and rush for it. Edgar and Edmond's love for his father is also different. A down-to-earth, a dark instigation. Goneril and Regan's love for Lear's hypocrisy, with flattery words to defy Lear's trust, want to get the property in such a way.Keywords: Shakespe

7、are; King Lear; Sincere Love; Hypocritical Love摘 要李尔王是莎士比亚四大悲剧之一。它改编自十八世纪英国的一个传奇故事。故事大约发生在8世纪左右。李尔土这部剧作中，众多的自然意象被纳入其中，从广度与深度上极大地拓宽了文本所及的领域。自然意向的使用不但使得整个作品架构更加舒张，气势更加宏大，也使得自然本身超脱了其物质性，而被赋予了丰富的象征性意义。故事讲述了年事已高的国王李尔王退位后，被大女儿和二女儿赶到荒郊野外，成为法兰西皇后的三女儿率军救父，却被杀死，李尔王伤心地死在她身旁。在李尔王中存在着许多对爱。有真诚的，也有虚伪的。表达爱的方式不同，目的也

8、有所不同。考狄利亚对李尔的爱和她的两个姐姐是不同的，但是她对父亲的心是真诚的。肯特对李尔的忠心可鉴，追随其后，为其奔波。爱德伽和爱德蒙对他父亲的爱也是不同的。一个脚踏实地，一个暗地教唆。高纳里尔和里根对李尔的虚伪的爱，用阿谀奉承的话语来骗取李尔的信任，想要通过这样的方式来获得财产。关键词：莎士比亚；李尔王；真诚的爱；虚伪的爱ContentsTOC o "1-3" h z u 1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction of Shakespeare 11.2 Introduction of King Lear 21.3 Introduction of u

9、nderstanding of love 32. The Comparison Between the Sincere Love and Hypocritical Love in King Lear 52.1 Goneril and Regans love for Lear 62.1.1 Gonerils love for Lear 62.1.2 Regans love for Lear 72.2 Cordelia and Kents love for Lear 82.2.1 Cordelias love for Lear 82.2.2 Kents love for Lear 92.3 Edg

10、ar and Edmunds love for Gloucester 112.3.1 Edgars love for Gloucester 122.3.2 Edmunds love for Gloucester 143. Conclusion 15BIBLIOGRAPHY 171 IntroductionKing Lear is one of the four great tragedies by William Shakespeare. It is adapted from a legendary story in Britain in the eighth century. Althoug

11、h Shakespeares adaptation is largely faithful to the original version of “King Lear”, Shakespeare added some marvelous plots and a tragic ending into the original story, turning it completely into a tragic play. King Lear displays the absurd living conditions of different characters in the play as w

12、ell as their different attitudes towards absurdity. The story comes from an ancient legend of the British, the story itself occurs around the 8th century. In the United Kingdom compiled a lot of drama, the existing drama in addition to Shakespeare, there is an earlier nameless works, generally belie

13、ved that Shakespeare's King Lear is adapted from the play and creation.The story tells the story of the king of the king has been high after the abdication, the eldest daughter and two daughters rushed to the wilderness, became the Queen of France three daughter led his army to save his father,

14、but was killed, King Lear died sadly Beside her.1.1 Introduction of ShakespeareBorn in 1564 at the peak of the English Renaissance, William Shakespeare, one of the most representative literary figures, has been universally acclaimed as one of the greatest dramatists and poets as to his immeasurable

15、contribution and value to the world literature. William Shakespeare lived in a period when the spirit of English Renascence prevailed, whose core value resides in humanism. “Humanists in this period advocated we should raise mankind to the sublime position and stand up against the fetters and restra

16、ints of peoples thoughts, ideas, and feelings, from the asceticism championed by Christians for hundreds of years.”(Alert 416) Against the backdrop that people in the renaissance period were hoping to gain a better insight into their identity as mankind, the world, and their future and destiny, Will

17、iam Shakespeare coupled with other representatives of English Renaissance, entered into the historical arena to create and produce works of different categories and gave their own interpretations of themes like passions, state, king, religion. His works, characterized by gripping plot arrangements,

18、lively characterizations, meticulous conceptions, and ingenious combination of different dramatic elements, explore various dimensions of the English society during the period between sixteenth and seventeenth century.1.2 Introduction of King LearWilliam Shakespeare is a prolific dramatist, who has

19、altogether created 37 plays during his lifetime, whose categories stretch from comedy, tragedy, tragicomedy, to historical plays and legendary plays.“ Among these categories, the “Four Great Tragedies” including King Lear, Macbeth, Othello, and Hamlet, can be acclaimed as the most famous ones enjoyi

20、ng world-wide recognition, which are still studied by numerous scholars in the contemporary era.” (Francis 99) The Four Great Tragedies were created in Shakespeares most productive period during the times between 1601 and 1610, when he started to expose the dark side of the English society to the au

21、diences and inquiry into issues pertaining to human nature and the relationship between people and society.As one of the most shinning pearls in the four tragedies, King Lear is adapted from a legendary story happened at approximately eighth century revolving around the feudal nobles in Britain

22、. When Lear was aware that he had been falling into decline in his body and soul, he decided to divide his kingdom into three parts for his three daughters. Lear requested that his three daughters should speak their respect and love to him in exchange of the parts of his kingdom. Goneril and Regan,

23、who sang the praise of his father, were awarded parts of the kingdom. Cordelia, the youngest daughter of Lear, nevertheless, refused to flatter his father as Goneril and Regan do, but voiced her simple, direct, yet sincere feelings and emotions to her father, only to find that her sincere love and r

24、espect to him is returned with his indignation. Cordelia then accepted the love of the French king after her father severed relationship with her, leaving Lear behind, alone, who takes for granted that he could enjoy his later life even after renouncing his power. Lear was then badly treated and ban

25、ished out of the palace by Goneril and Regan in a stormy night. Knowing of the miserable situation of Lear, Cordelia, merciful and broad-minded, rallies an army in France in order to save his father out of crisis. Finally the story ends up with the French army led by Cordelia inflicting a crushing d

26、efeat on the British army helping Lear back to the throne. William Shakespeares adaptation, which has aroused great controversy, is largely faithful to the original version of “King Lear”, but Shakespeare added some marvelous plots and a tragic ending into the original story, turning it completely i

27、nto a tragic play. “For all its great controversy, many scholars over the centuries have expressed their positive attitudes towards its literary value and craftsmanship in adapting this legendary story, commenting that King Lear is an excellent work created by William Shakespeare with a perfect comb

28、ination of realism and craftsmanship.” (Jesephine 107) “Lev Tolstoy, one of the greatest Russian writers, nevertheless, criticized that the adaptation of the story “King Lear” by Shakespeare has gone out of control, merely paying too much attention to the wordplay irrespective of the authenticity of

29、 the words, emotions, and language of different characters.” (Albert 2-3) It is obvious that the reason why Shakespeares plays were often criticized by Tolstoy is that Shakespeares plays usually do not conform to the literary principles and standards advocated by Tolstoy, rather than that Shakespear

30、es works are insufficient in literary value.1.3 Introduction of understanding of loveThe play "King Lear" in the affection and love mixed with a variety of ethics and desire, and thus the whole work from the beginning to the three daughters of King Lear, absurd land segmentation requiremen

31、ts to the fanatical daughters emotional confession is shrouded in a thick layer of tragedy, through this absurd move, we can see at the same time to Lear and allow all doubt violated, daughter love is selfish, so even if there is a father for sincerely but also obscured by reality, Lear is the soul

32、of the demon mask, the friendship between the three sisters was the father, interest and time exhausted; there is a preference for Edgar Gross Te was influenced by the traditional ethics in the hearts of ingrained, and I think that he is totally convinced of Edmond, he not only reflects the so-calle

33、d "inverse" the favor of Edmond, can see The eldest son to replace him in the gamma position, facing the mutation - illegitimate child Edmond false brother mutiny, Edmond really took a renegade Road, he has always been difficult to accept, until the dead, perhaps until killed brother Edgar

34、; in addition, in the "King Lear", Goneril , Reagan and Edmond in the end is a how to love? Is there love or love in Edmond's heart? He said that "Edmond is still someone love" is a kind of feeling? I have been exploring this problem.Some scholars from the western countries i

35、nterpreted King Lear from the perspectives of mythology, prototype, and religion. Initially, Knights criticisms on Shakespeares works have involved a great number of mythological elements, holding that “every dying hero depicted by Shakespeare should be placed high at the center of the stage, which

36、much resembles the sacrificial offerings on sacrificial altar” (Campbell 81-119). Northrop Frye is the most representative figure championing the use of myth-archetypal criticism to analyze and interpret Shakespeares works, whose studies on Shakespeares works have laid a solid foundation for the sub

37、sequent studies and interpretations of Shakespeares works from the perspective of myth-archetypal criticism. Chambers is a precursor, who used mythological criticism and the point of views of Christianity to interpret King Lear. Chambers charges that the tragic ending of King Lear devised by William

38、 Shakespeare is to display that “love is so powerful that it can conquer everything; and God is such a just and almighty existence that he would always give an unbiased and convincing judgment on his people. Because of the power of love, Lear is able to achieve self-perfection and self-redemption.”(

39、William 42) It is not Gods unjust judgment that results into all the sufferings and pains that fall on Lear as well as other virtuous characters in the play, rather, the disharmony and estrangement of the relationship between the characters is the critical factor contributing to the tragedy of those

40、 just characters. Under the influence of Chambers, maintains that King Lear is the very representative, in which Lear and his third daughter, Cordelia, represent the sufferers and victims that are always depicted and described in Greek and Bible methodology. For one thing, he thinks that Lear, the e

41、mbodiment of bounded Prometheus, should be partly responsible for his decisions and behaviors. For another, Cordelia much resembles Jesus Christ who sacrifices himself to save others. On the basis of Chambers, Campbell notes that Lear in the play achieves self-perfection and self-redemption after he

42、 is eventually aware of the unselfish and unrequited love of Cordelia towards him. At that moment, he has understood the possibility of achieving self-redemption by showing his love and care to others.2. The Comparison Between the Sincere Love and Hypocritical Love in King LearThere are a lot of lov

43、e in King Lear. It expressed the true call to love. Which has a sincere love, there are hypocritical love. By analyzing the love that exists, let us learn to distinguish between black and white. One of the two most important roles, which is, Lear and Cordelia. In the play, the image of Lear is incon

44、sistent, and Cordelia has always been a positive image in the play, and Edgar's performance is a stupid, reckless and greedy phenomenon in royalism. He was unkind to his children, and the condition of his abandonment of the throne turned out to ask his children to love him without reservation. H

45、e has a strong desire to hold, no one can defy his order. When Cordelia and Kent violated his will. There are three pairs of sincere love, and three pairs of hypocritical love. From the perspective of culture and ethics, we believe that if from the perspective of the general human parent-child relat

46、ionship, the children and children are pregnant with their parents or right or wrong feelings, can also be said that the social requirements of the existence of "filial piety" Love) such an ethic, but from a more rigorous sense of the study, we can say that the West does not have Chinese-s

47、tyle ethics so-called "filial piety." Because "filial piety" is a distinguishing feature of Chinese culture from Western civilization or even Indian civilization. Chinese civilization for thousands of years, loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, righteousness, ritual, wisdom, lette

48、rs and other Confucian ethics and moral long history, they for the Chinese dynasties of the people's ideology and real life have a great impact. Chinese civilization has been permeated with "heavy filial piety" cultural traditions. "Filial piety", meaning the children of the

49、elders of the respect and respect for the behavior of the party.2.1 Goneril and Regans love for LearGoneril and Regan to his father after the ruthless betrayal sweetAs the British king Lear in power closed and autocratic system, in the allocation of property and inheritance that specifies a right th

50、ree daughter who is most filial piety, the most virtuous, who gave the greatest benefits. Therefore, in the face of the Empire of the territory of the great benefits of distribution, his eldest daughter and two daughters are all filial piety in the mouth, naturally gained fertile land and supreme po

51、wer. And has always been honest and kind-hearted little daughter in the heart silently read to the silent love." "So, Cordelia, you had to remain poor! But I am not poor, for I believe that my love is richer than my eloquence." And speak a little offended his father and hurt the two s

52、isters. As a result, Lear to Cordelia as passers-by, and two daughters others got him all the land, and enjoy his supreme power. However, never thought that the two claim to love her father's daughter in the future to obtain land and power, it attracted two daughters have been ruthlessly betraye

53、d and driven, have to live on the wilderness, suffered the ravages of the storm. Cordelia in that miserable father after he was killed Xingbing Crusade, Edmond in prison, Gneril and Reagan have also killed Dutch act.  Cordelia and Regan to get the money and power will admire the expression of t

54、heir love for the father, once the money and power, then sister will jointly powerless to help father 100 torture, to drive away, in front of money and interest, they lost the precious humanity and his family ethics. Cordelia in the face of power is unmoved, still insist that their point of view, si

55、lently in love with his father. The two are in sharp contrast.2.1.1 Gonerils love for LearBut every time there are full of a sincere and transparent and deep implicit love. This is a kind of dedication not return with the fathers of their different love, but is stubborn. “What I think of things, I a

56、m always reluctant to put it out in no before, put it in his mouth if you so angry with me, I must ask you to let the world know, so I lost the favor of the reason for you, not what ugly stains, false action, or dishonorable behavior just because I like people like the lack of a pair of eyes for thi

57、nking of the eyes, I think a shameful good at flattering tongue Zhu, although there is no such that I cannot in your favor. But it, makes me very respect my own personality.”( Ros 176-85) She is clumsy but persistent, absolute obedience from his heart the true heart is the love of King Lear from fir

58、st to last. “I'm just because of the lack of eloquence eloquence, do not speak against some words.”(Ros 176-85) It is because of this to comply with their own inner feelings, so that her father's love is not filled with resentment, never allow the existence of hypocrisy and lies, even if the

59、 exile was abandoned. Fortunately, she met that wise people who love her, this is fate, is heaven. Her love is reckless so her father to revenge. “My daughter has always loved her father, this love is a sincere love of the human nature. Her stream of tears, said: my dear father! I hope my lips have

60、cured crazy elixir, let this kiss erase my two sister upon you ruthless hurt!”(Mick 42) such a simple language, full of how deep feelings of power. It also indicates that she will die in love for her father.2.1.2 Regans love for LearWe know that Regan is one of the Lears daughters, when he was vain and self rule, the daughter into the all love into hate, he w