Unit 5 The villain in the atmosphere

1、 Unit 5 The Villain in the AtmosphereContents41235Warm upDetailed readingPracticeVocabularyGlobal reading1. Whats the weather like in your hometown? Do you like it? Why or why not?2. Have you ever noticed any weather changes in recent years? Is it getting hotter or cooler? Why?3. Do you have any ide

2、a of global warming and the greenhouse effect?Warm-up Questions1.Whats the weather like in your hometown? Do you like it? Why or why not?Warm-up Questions Its very nice. Its usually warm and sunny in spring and autumn. Neither too cold, nor too hot.The weather is cold one minute and hot the next.Its

3、 muggy and oppressive. 天气又潮湿又闷热。天气又潮湿又闷热。 2. Have you ever noticed any weather changes in recent years? Is it getting hotter or cooler? Why?l Hotterl Global warmingWarm-up Questions3. Do you have any idea of global warming and the greenhouse effect? What are the causes? What are the consequences? Wh

4、at are the solutions? Watch a movie clipWarm-up Questions 这是一部有关全球变暖的纪录片，电影由美国第45任副总统戈尔主演。此片获得第79届奥斯卡金像奖最佳纪录片, 主题曲I Need To Wake Up获得最佳歌曲奖。 2012, 后天,改变世界的六度无法掩盖的事实（An Inconvenient Truth） The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphe

5、re ( carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap energy from the sun. Without the greenhouse effect, heat would escape back into space and the earth will be too cold to live. Therefore, the greenhouse effect is essential to life. But if the greenhouse effect becomes too strong, it

6、could make the Earth warmer than usual, which is known as global warming.Whats greenhouse effect?1) What are the would-be consequences of global warming? The melting of polar ice caps (the rise of sea level, flooding low-lying areas) More Extreme Climates 更多极端的天气更多极端的天气 Frequent natural disaster ( f

7、lood, drought, heat waves, desertification ) Pose a real threat to human life 濒临灭绝的物种濒临灭绝的物种The increase in global temperatures may disrupt ecosystems and result in extinction of animal and plant species, as species that cannot adapt fast enough will die off. Some terrible diseases are easier to spr

8、ead because of warmer weather.SARS 非典非典Avian Flu 禽流感禽流感Warmer weather will foster the growth of bacteria and virus.2) What human activities are causing global warming?The burning of fuels(coal, oil, gas)Private carsDeforestation (采伐森林）采伐森林） plant more trees to absorb carbon dioxide limit the growth

9、of polluting industry develop new and renewable energy that do not produce CO2 improve peoples awareness of environmental protection (energy conservation and emission reduction) 3）How to solve the problem of global warming?Low-carbon life styleRecycle paper, glass, bottles, and cans etc.1. avoid buy

10、ing overpackaged products, buy minimally packaged goods 2. use energy-efficient light bulbs, energy-saving lamps3.switch the power off when leaving a room or going to bedLow-carbon life stylesBackground informationGlacier,anenduringaccumulation of ice, snow, water, rock, and sediment（沉淀物）（沉淀物）that m

11、oves under the influence of gravity. Glaciers form where the temperature is low enough to allow falling snow to accumulate and slowly transform into ice. This accumulation is most common in the polar regions, but can also occur at high altitudes on mountains even near the equator. Glaciers are compl

12、ex systems that grow and shrink in response to climate. At the present, glacier ice covers about 15 million sq km (5.8 million sq mi), or 10 percent, of Earths land area.Glaciers （冰川）（冰川） Greenland, island which is an internally self-governing part of Denmark, situated between the North Atlantic and

13、 Arctic oceans. Greenland lies mostly north of the Arctic Circle and is separated from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, on the west, primarily by Davis Strait and Baffin Bay, and from Iceland, on the east, by the Denmark Strait. The largest island in the world, Greenland has a maximum extent, the to

14、tal area of Greenland is 2,170,000 sq km (836,330 sq mi), of which 1,834,000 sq km (708,000 sq mi) is ice cap.GreenlandPolar Ice Cap (极地冰貌）极地冰貌）A polar ice cap is a high-latitude region, centered in the polar region, which is covered in ice.Manhattan is one of the five boroughs that comprise the Cit

15、y of New York. It is by far the most densely populated county in the United States and famous for its soaring skyscrapers including the United Nations Headquarter, Empire State Building, Greenwich village, Chinatown, Broadway, Times Square etc.Manhattan (曼哈顿）曼哈顿）the United Nation Headquarter（联（联合国总部

16、）合国总部）Empire State Building（帝（帝国大厦国大厦)Greenwich village(格林威治村）格林威治村）Chinatown（唐人街）（唐人街）Broadway（百老汇）（百老汇）Times Square（时代广场）（时代广场）New words1. convertCoal can be converted to gas.我想把一些美元兑换成英镑。我想把一些美元兑换成英镑。convert into / to 把把改成改成;改造改造I want to convert some dollars into pounds.2. likelihoodThis latest

17、dispute greatly increases the likelihood of a strike.There is every likelihood that more jobs will be lost later this year.NB: -hood 是后缀，用于构成名词，表示是后缀，用于构成名词，表示“状态状态; ; 的时期的时期”More Examples:childhood: the time or condition of being a childwomanhood: the state or period of being a woman 成年成年女子的身份或状态女子

18、的身份或状态in all likelihood = very probablyInterest rates will come down further in all likelihood.There is much / every / no / little likelihood that he will be elected for the second term.3. beneath:The ship sank beneath the waves.He looked down from the mountain to the valley beneath.CF: beneath, bel

19、ow, under & underneath这些前置词均可表示位置这些前置词均可表示位置“在在下面下面”之意。之意。beneath书面用词，指紧挨书面用词，指紧挨之下，其反义词是之下，其反义词是on。below 指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范围较宽。围较宽。under普通用词，与普通用词，与overover相对，指在某物的正下方，含垂直在下的相对，指在某物的正下方，含垂直在下的意思。意思。underneath书面口语均用，也常与书面口语均用，也常与beneath和和under换用，换用，但更含遮蔽的意味。但更含遮

20、蔽的意味。Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. She found a lot of dust the carpet.2. Lets shelter the trees.3. The standard of his work is well the average of his class.4. The water flows the bridge.5. Please do not write this line. 6. The boat sank the w

21、aves.underneathunderbelowbeneathunderbelow4. collapse:Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.He collapsed while working and dies on the way to hospital.（晕倒）（因病、累等）（晕倒）（因病、累等）The company collapsed without any sign beforehand.（倒闭）（倒闭）I dont know what caused the collapse of her marriage.两国的

22、谈判濒于失败。两国的谈判濒于失败。Negotiations between the two countries are on the brink / verge of collapse.5. pressureHe didnt want to leave the country, he only agreed to go under pressure.We must bring pressure on him. Collocation: exert ( place, put ) pressure on sb. (to do sth.)对对施加压力施加压力ease (relieve) pressu

23、re缓解，减轻压力缓解，减轻压力face pressure面临压力面临压力resist pressure顶住压力顶住压力under pressure在压力下在压力下6. radiationMany servicemen suffered radiation sickness after the early atomic tests. 这个仪器里产生有害的辐射物质。这个仪器里产生有害的辐射物质。This apparatus producesharmful radiations. Collocationemit radiation释放辐射线释放辐射线produce radiation产生辐射产生辐

24、射expose sth. to radiation使使暴露于辐射中暴露于辐射中harmful radiation有害的辐射有害的辐射a large amount of radiation大量辐射大量辐射7. tend toJanet tends to get angry if you ask her stupid questions.每年这个时候，天都要冷的。每年这个时候，天都要冷的。 It tends to be cold at this time of year.Pattern:tend towards / to sth. 趋向趋向于于Women tend to live longer t

25、han men.8. distinctlyI distinctly remember asking him not to tell her about the new sales figures.distinct adj. 清晰的，明白的；不同的清晰的，明白的；不同的 反反 indistinct adj.distinction n. 区分；差异，差别；特征；卓越区分；差异，差别；特征；卓越distinctive adj. 有特色的，特殊的，独特的；有有特色的，特殊的，独特的；有区别的区别的9. creepThe traffic was creeping along at a snails pa

26、ce.She crept up to him from behind.Old age creeps up on you before you realize it.人不知不觉地就变老了。人不知不觉地就变老了。Doubts began to creep into peoples minds about the justice of the practice.10. meltSugar melts in water.The hot sun soon melted the ice.CF: melt, dissolve 均含均含“融化，溶解融化，溶解”之意。之意。melt 最常用词，指任何固体的熔化过

27、程，常引申作最常用词，指任何固体的熔化过程，常引申作“消散消散、淡化或消失、淡化或消失”解。解。dissolve 多指固体溶于溶剂的过程。多指固体溶于溶剂的过程。Her anger melted away when she read the letter.11. perspectiveHer attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject.The author sees the events in historical perspective.Collocation: view sth. from a new perspective用新的眼光

28、看待某事用新的眼光看待某事look at / see sth. in (its right) perspective正确地看待事物正确地看待事物an alternative tohave no alternative but to do的替换物的替换物除除外别无选择外别无选择Im afraid I have no alternative but to ask you to leave.12. alternative: There are several alternatives to your plan.The opposition parties have so far failed to

29、set out an alternative strategy.13. competePattern:compete against (with)compete forcompete in与与竞争竞争为为而竞争而竞争在在中中/ /方面竞争方面竞争Global readingTankertanker DesignPartsPara.Main ideaPart 11-7It introduces an essential gas to life carbon dioxide and its influence.Part 28-18It analyzes what carbon dioxide do

30、es to the temperature of the Earth and the factors that cause the concentration of it.Part 319-22It gives us some suggestions to deal with the problemsPart Division of the Text Tankertanker Design PLease scan Para1-3, and then answer the following questions.1. Who is the “villain” in the atmosphere?

31、 Carbon dioxide CO2.2. How much in quantity is carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere? Is it poisonous? 0.034%. It is not very poisonous. It is present in the air in so small a quantity that it does us no harm.Whats more,that small quantity of CO2 is essential to life.Tankertanker Design3. What do

32、es carbon dioxide do to plants and animal life on Earth?Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which, in turn, serve as the basic food for all of animal life, including human beings. In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for life. PLease scan Para1-

33、3, and then answer the following questions.Tankertanker DesignThe sea level is rising very slowly from year to year and it will continue to rise and do so at an even greater rate. The low-lying areas on Earth might be drowned in the hundred years to come4. What did the apparently harmless and certai

34、nly essential gas do to us now? 5. Why? Too much carbon dioxide. The concentration of carbon dioxide is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in. PLease scan Para4-13, and then answer the following questions.6. What are the factors that cause the steady rise of the concentration of

35、CO2 in the atmosphere?To blame are two factors. First of all, the coal, oil and gas are burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate.To make matters worse, the forests have been disappearing. PLease scan Para14-18, and then answer the following questions.7. In the final analysis, who are the villa

36、ins and who are the victims?It is people who are both villains and victims.It is people who are burning the coal, oil and gas. It is people who are cutting down the forests.8.What should be done to reduce global warming? PLease scan Para19-22, and then answer the following questions.A. Save the fore

37、stB. Try to find new sources of energyDetailed readingThere is one gas present in the air we breathe that is essential to life. Unfortunately, one can have too much of a good thing and the growth in carbon dioxide threatens to warm up our planet to a dangerous extent. Isaac Asimov introduces us to t

38、his villain in the atmosphere, explaining how it works and what can be done about it.Detailed Reading The villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide. It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity only 0.034 percent that it does

39、 us no harm. Translate the sentence into Chinese It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity only 0.034 percent that it does us no harm. 它毒性不大，在大气层中的含量极小它毒性不大，在大气层中的含量极小只占只占0.034不会对我们造成任何伤害。不会对我们造成任何伤害。 Whats more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the

40、air is essential to life. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply for all of animal life (including human beings, of course). In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life. 1. Analyze the structure of

41、the sentence.It is an inversion. “here” is used at the beginning of the sentence. The subject of the sentence is a complex sentence, consisting of a subject clause “what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas.”2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.然而，这一看上去无害而且无疑又必不可少的气体然而，这一看上去无害而且无疑又

42、必不可少的气体却正在对我们产生影响。却正在对我们产生影响。But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us: The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. In all likelihood, it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundred years. Where there are l

43、ow-lying coastal areas (where a large fraction of the worlds population lives) the water will advance steadily, forcing people to retreat inland. Detailed Reading 1. Paraphrase the sentence.The water will move forward to the coastal areas that are not much above the land (in which a great number of

44、people in the world live), as a result, many people have to move away and settle down inside their countries.2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.在那些低洼的沿海地区在那些低洼的沿海地区( (在这些地区居住着世界上很大一部分在这些地区居住着世界上很大一部分人口人口) )，海水会稳步向前推进，迫使人们向内陆退居。，海水会稳步向前推进，迫使人们向内陆退居。Where there are low-lying coastal areas (where a

45、 large fraction of the worlds population lives) the water will advance steadily, forcing people to retreat inland. Eventually the sea will reach two hundred feet above its present level, and will be splashing against the windows along the twentieth floors of Manhattans skyscrapers. Florida will disa

46、ppear beneath the waves, as will much of the British Isles, the crowded Nile valley, and the low-lying areas of China, India, and Russia.1.Analyze the structure of the sentence. “as”作为连接词引导了方式状语从句，为了保持句子平衡，作为连接词引导了方式状语从句，为了保持句子平衡，使用倒装句。使用倒装句。佛罗里达将会沉没在海浪之下，英伦三岛的大部分，佛罗里达将会沉没在海浪之下，英伦三岛的大部分，人口稠密的尼罗河流域，还

47、有中国、印度和俄罗斯人口稠密的尼罗河流域，还有中国、印度和俄罗斯的低洼地区也都将遭到同样的命运。的低洼地区也都将遭到同样的命运。Not only will many cities be drowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will be lost. As the food supply drops, starvation will be widespread and the structure of society may collapse under the pressure.And all

48、because of carbon dioxide. But how does that come about? What is the connection?It begins with sunlight, to which the various gases of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide) are transparent. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere, travels right through miles of it to warm the Earths surface

49、. At night, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation. , However, the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. 1. Paraphrase the sentence.The atmosphere is

50、clearer to visible light than that to infrared radiation.2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 然而，大气层对红外线来说并不像它对可见光那然而，大气层对红外线来说并不像它对可见光那样透明。样透明。1. Paraphrase the sentence.The atmosphere is clearer to visible light than that to infrared radiation.2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 然而，大气层对红外线来

51、说并不像它对可见光那样透明。然而，大气层对红外线来说并不像它对可见光那样透明。Why plural form “were” is used here?Subjunctive mood.Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very soon.If it werent too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea.More Examples

52、: Less heat is lost at night, for that reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. Without the small quantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortably cool.Why plural form “were” is used here?Subjunctive mood. We can be tha

53、nkful that carbon dioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in. Translate the sentence into Chinese.我们该感到欣慰，二氧化碳给我们温暖使我们舒我们该感到欣慰，二氧化碳给我们温暖使我们舒舒服服，但是大气中二氧化碳的浓度正在稳步升舒服服，但是大气中二氧化碳的浓度正在稳步升高，

54、其恶迹也就由此而生。高，其恶迹也就由此而生。 In 1958, carbon dioxide made up only 0.0316 percent of the atmosphere. Each year since, the concentration has crept upward and it now stands at 0.0340 percent. It is estimated that by 2020 the concentration will be nearly twice what it is now.1. Whats the function of “creep up

55、ward”?It vividly showing us the increasing process of carbon dioxide, which moving slowly and quietly. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 此后每年，其浓度逐年悄悄攀升，而此后每年，其浓度逐年悄悄攀升，而现在已达到现在已达到00340。 This means that in the coming decades, Earths average temperature will go up slightly. As a result, the pola

56、r ice caps will begin to melt. Something like 90 percent of the ice in the world is to be found in the huge Antarctica ice cap, and another 8 percent is in the Greenland ice cap. If these ice caps begin to melt, the sea level will rise, with the result that I have already described. But why is the c

57、oncentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere steadily rising? To blame are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first coal, then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The carbon contained in these fuels, which has been safely buried under

58、ground for many millions of years, is now being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate of many tons per day.1. Analyze the structure of the sentence.There are two attributives after the subject “carbon”. “contained in these fuels” past participle phrase“which has been safe

59、ly buried underground for many millions of years” attributive clause2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.这些燃料中所含的碳，在过去数百万年的岁月里一直安全地埋这些燃料中所含的碳，在过去数百万年的岁月里一直安全地埋在地下，而现在正被烧成二氧化碳，并以每天数吨的速率大量在地下，而现在正被烧成二氧化碳，并以每天数吨的速率大量排放到大气中。排放到大气中。To make matters worse, Earths forests have been disappearing, slowly at

60、 first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now it is disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.Whatever replaces the forest grassland or farms or scrub produces plants that do not consume carbondioxide at an equal rate. Thus, not only is more carbon dioxide being adde