《计算机网络实用教程》实验指导手册

1、计算机网络实用教程实验指导手册1.1 实验一：网线制作（必做实验）1.1.1 实验简介了解双绞线的结构，动手做线。1.1.2 实验目的每位同学动手做网线，用测线器检查应通过。1.1.3 实验注意事项l 注意做线时线的顺序。双绞线的两种线序（T568A，T568B）l T568A的线序是：白绿、绿、白橙、蓝、白蓝、橙、白棕、棕。l T568B的线序是：白橙、橙、白绿、蓝、白蓝、绿、白棕、棕。l 直通线：T568B-T568Bl 交叉线：T568A-T568B1.2 实验二：常用网络基本命令（必做实验）1.2.1 实验目的l 掌握如何为PC配置IP地址l 掌握如何使用IPCONFIG命令验证PC的

2、网络配置l 掌握如何使用PING命令验证目标主机的连通性l 掌握如何使用TRACERT命令跟踪目标主机路由l 掌握如何使用NETSTAT命令查询主机当前网络连接l 掌握如何使用TELNET命令验证目标主机端口开放情况l 掌握如何使用NSLOOKUP命令进行域名查询l 掌握如何使用路由器上的Ping命令1.2.2 实验命令l IPCONFIG-IP地址相关配置查询命令l PING-网络连通性测试命令l TRACERT-路由跟踪命令l NETSTAT-网络连接查询命令l TELNET-远程登录命令l NSLOOKUP-域名查询命令1.2.3 实验环境图11 Tracert命令实验网络结构图1.2.

3、4 实验步骤1) 为PC配置IP地址、子网掩码、网关和DNS为PC配置正确的IP地址及相关参数。第一，点击开始->控制面板->网络连接->网卡。图12 第二，点击属性按钮。图13第三，选择TCP/IP协议，选择属性。图14第四，配置IP地址、子网掩码、网关、DNS。图15第五，验证PC的IP地址及相关参数配置2) 使用IPCONFIG命令查询主机的网络配置图163) 使用PING命令验证目标主机的连通性使用PING命令测试连通性C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping Pinging 8 with 32

4、bytes of data:Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 8: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Appr

5、oximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 1ms使用PING命令对目标主机PING 1000字节数据包C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping -l 1000 Pinging 3 with 1000 bytes of data:Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=1000 ti

6、me=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=1000 time=6ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 3: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 3ms, Maximum = 7ms, Average = 4ms使用PING命令对

7、目标主机连续PING 10次C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping -n 10 Pinging 3 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=6ms T

8、TL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=4ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56P

9、ing statistics for 3: Packets: Sent = 10, Received = 10, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 6ms, Average = 2ms使用PING命令持续PING目标主机，使用Ctrl-C结束C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping -t Pinging 3 with 32 bytes of data:Re

10、ply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply fr

11、om 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=8ms TTL=56Reply from 3: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 202

12、.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 3: Packets: Sent = 13, Received = 13, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 8ms, Average = 5msControl-CC4) 使用TRACERT命令跟踪目标主机路由C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>tracert -d Tra

13、cing route to 3over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 2 2 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 7 3 186 ms 190 ms 198 ms 2 4 177 ms 172 ms 167 ms 9 5 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 6 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 6 7 9 ms 9 ms 8 ms

14、94 8 7 ms 6 ms 7 ms 3Trace complete.5) 使用NETSTAT检查PC当前的网络连接C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>netstat -anActive Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State TCP :25 :0 LISTENING TCP :80 :0 LISTENING TCP :135 :0 LISTENING TCP

15、:445 :0 LISTENING TCP :1025 :0 LISTENING TCP :1027 :0 LISTENING TCP :1028 :0 LISTENING TCP :1029 :0 LISTENING TCP :1433 :0 LISTENING TCP :3389 :0 LISTENING TCP :8080 :0 LISTENING TCP :8888

16、 :0 LISTENING TCP :56737 :0 LISTENING TCP :56738 :0 LISTENING TCP 7:139 :0 LISTENING TCP 7:1433 7:2125 ESTABLISHED TCP 7:1433 7:2134 ESTABLISHED6) 使用NSLOOKUP命令查询域名C:Documents and SettingsAdministrat

17、or>nslookupDefault Server: Address: > Server: Address: Name: Addresses: 29, > server Default Server: Address: > set querytype=mx> Server: Address: canonical name = server- primary name server = r

18、esponsible mail addr = serial = 7 refresh = 3600 (1 hour) retry = 600 (10 mins) expire = 604800 (7 days) default TTL = 3600 (1 hour)>> set querytype=ptr> Server: Address: 02. name = 116.106.202. nameserver = internet address = 202

19、. 实验三：路由器的相关实验-静态路由典型配置举例（必做实验）1.3.1 实验目的路由器各接口及主机的IP地址和掩码如下图所示。要求采用静态路由，使图中任意两台主机之间都能互通。1.3.2 实验要求及组网图静态路由配置组1.3.3 配置步骤配置静态路由# 进入系统视图。<RouterA> system-view# 在RouterA上配置缺省路由。RouterA ip route-static # 在RouterB上配置两条静态路由。RouterB ip route-static 255.255.2

20、55.0 RouterB ip route-static # 在RouterC上配置缺省路由。RouterB ip route-static 配置主机配置主机PC1的缺省网关为，主机PC2的缺省网关为，主机PC3的缺省网关为。1.3.4 实验注意事项，查看配置结果# 显示RouterA的IP路由表。RouterA display ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Public Destinations :

21、8 Routes : 8Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface/0 Static 60 0 Serial2/0/24 Direct 0 0 Ethernet1/0/32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0/30 Direct 0 0 Serial2/0/32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0/32 Direct 0 0 Seri

22、al2/0/8 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0/32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0# 使用Ping命令验证连通性。RouterA ping PING : 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=62 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=63 ms

23、Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=63 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=62 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=62 ms - ping statistics - 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/6

24、3 ms# 使用tracert命令验证连通性。RouterA tracert traceroute to () 30 hops max,40 bytes packet 1 31 ms 32 ms 31 ms 2 62 ms 63 ms 62 ms1.4 实验四：以太网交换机的相关实验-VLAN和级联（必做实验）1.4.1 实验简介掌握VLAN和级联的基本配置。1.4.2 实验目的：熟练使用以太网交换机的常见命令，掌握VLAN的使用技巧。1.4.3 实验环境23台S3000系列交换机，4台PC。图22 实验组网图1.4.

25、4 实验步骤1) 实验基本配置准备本实验的主要目的是掌握VLAN的基本配置。在完成VLAN的相关配置之后，要求能够达到同一VLAN内的PC可以互通，不同VLAN间的PC不能互通的目的。首先按照上图连接各实验设备，然后配置PCA IP地址为/24，PCB IP地址为/24,PCC IP地址为/24，PCD IP地址为/24。2) 具体的配置如下：a) 配置交换机端口属于特定VLANQuidwaysysname S3026AS3026Avlan 2S3026A-vlan2port Ethernet 0/9 to e0/16S3026A

26、-vlan2vlan 3S3026A-vlan3port Ethernet 0/17 to e0/24Quidwaysysname S3026BS3026Bvlan 2S3026B-vlan2port Ethernet 0/9 to e0/16S3026B-vlan2vlan 3S3026B-vlan3port Ethernet 0/17 to e0/24当配置交换机端口属于特定VLAN时，有两种方法：一种是上面介绍的在VLAN配置模式下进行，另一种是在端口配置模式下进行，大家有兴趣可以试试看。b) 配置交换机之间的端口为Trunk端口，并且允许所有VLAN通过S3026Aint e0/1 S

27、3026A-Ethernet0/1port link-type trunk /设置端口工作在trunk模式（系统默认为access模式）S3026A-Ethernet0/1port trunk permit vlan all /允许所有VLAN通过Trunk端口S3026Bint e0/1 S3026B-Ethernet0/1port link-type trunk S3026B-Ethernet0/1port trunk permit vlan all 配置完成后，可以看到，同一VLAN内部的PC可以互相访问，不同VLAN间的PC不能够互相访问。1.5 实验五：路由器的相关实验-配置RIP路

28、由协议（选做实验）1.5.1 实验简介，组网需求如下图所示，要求在RouterA和RouterB的所有接口上使能RIP，并使用RIP-2进行网络互连。1.5.2 实验目的：熟练使用RIP路由协议1.5.3 组网图图19 配置RIP版本组网图1.5.4 实验配置步骤配置RIP基本功能# 配置RouterA。<RouterA> system-viewRouterA ripRouterA-rip-1 network RouterA-rip-1 network RouterA-rip-1 network # 配置RouterB。

29、<RouterB> system-viewRouterB ripRouterB-rip-1 network RouterB-rip-1 network 1.6 实验六：路由器的相关实验-配置OSPF基本功能（选做实验）1.6.1 实验简介，组网需求所有的路由器都运行OSPF，并将整个自治系统划分为3个区域。其中RouterA和RouterB作为ABR来转发区域之间的路由。配置完成后，每台路由器都应学到AS内的到所有网段的路由。1.6.2 实验目的：熟练使用OSPF路由协议1.6.3 组网图图20 OSPF基本配置组网图1.6.4 实验配置步骤配

30、置OSPF基本功能# 配置RouterA。<RouterA> system-viewRouterA ospfRouterA-ospf-1 area 0RouterA-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterA-ospf-1-area- quitRouterA-ospf-1 area 1RouterA-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterA-ospf-1-area- quitRouterA-ospf-1 quit#

31、 配置RouterB。<RouterB> system-viewRouterB ospfRouterB-ospf-1 area 0RouterB-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterB-ospf-1-area- quitRouterB-ospf-1 area 2RouterB-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterB-ospf-1-area- quitRouterB-ospf-1 quit# 配置RouterC

32、。<RouterC> system-viewRouterC ospfRouterC-ospf-1 area 1RouterC-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterC-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterC-ospf-1-area- quitRouterC-ospf-1 quit# 配置RouterD。<RouterD> system-viewRouterD ospfRouterD-ospf-1 area 2Rou

33、terD-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterD-ospf-1-area- network 55RouterD-ospf-1-area- quitRouterD-ospf-1 quit1.6.5 实验注意事项检验配置结果# 查看RouterA的OSPF邻居。RouterA display ospf peer OSPF Process 1 with Router ID Neighbors Area interface 1

34、(Serial2/0)'s neighbors Router ID: Address: GR State: Normal State: Full Mode: Nbr is Master Priority: 1 DR: None BDR: None MTU: 0 Dead timer due in 32 sec Neighbor is up for 00:04:09 Authentication Sequence: 0 Neighbors Area interface (Serial

35、2/1)'s neighbors Router ID: Address: GR State: Normal State: Full Mode: Nbr is Master Priority: 1 DR: None BDR: None MTU: 0 Dead timer due in 34 sec Neighbor is up for 00:04:21 Authentication Sequence: 0 # 显示RouterA的OSPF路由信息。RouterA display ospf routing OSPF Process 1 wit

36、h Router ID Routing Tables Routing for Network Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area /24 1563 Stub /24 3125 Inter /24 1562 Stub /24 1562 Stub 1

37、 /24 3124 Inter Total Nets: 5 Intra Area: 3 Inter Area: 2 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0# 显示RouterA的LSDB。RouterA display ospf lsdb OSPF Process 1 with Router ID Link State Database Area: Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len

38、Sequence Metric Router 478 48 80000007 0 Router 479 48 80000007 0 Sum-Net 489 28 80000001 1562 Sum-Net 492 28 80000001 1563 Sum-Net 492 28 80000001 1562 Sum-Net 192.168.1

39、.1 467 28 80000001 1563 Area: Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Router 448 60 80000007 0 Router 472 48 80000004 0 Sum-Net 473 28 80000001 3125 Sum-Net 473 28 80000001 3124 Sum-Net

40、 489 28 80000001 1562# 查看RouterD的路由表，并使用Ping进行测试连通性。RouterD display ospf routing OSPF Process 1 with Router ID Routing Tables Routing for Network Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area /24 4687 Inter /24 1 Stub /24 3124 Inter /24 4686 Inter