UNIT2CLONINGPERIOD1READING阅读学案(7页WORD版)

1、2019学年度人教版选修八Unit 2CloningPeriod IReading阅读学案 阅读理解AWith only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That/s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a p

2、roject calledNoahs Ark.Noah s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos（胚胎），semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A &M s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of t

3、he basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds, reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists sai

4、d they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nucleus transfer（核子移植）of one species to another is

5、 not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem, Kraemer believes. They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancyfhaving a baby）. It takes a long time and its difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certai

6、nly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort, z/adds Kraemer; who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A & M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something thats never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both tr

7、ying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed.【语篇概述】本文主要讨论了克隆熊猫以保护濒临灭绝的物种这一问题。The aim ofNoahsArkproject is to.make efforts to clone the endangered pandassave en

8、dangered animals from dying outcollect DNA of endangered animals to studytransfer the nucleus of one animal to another【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知“诺亚方舟”工程的目的是 拯救即将灭亡的动物。According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of.A. available panda eggs B. host animalsC. quali

9、fied researchers D. enough money【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第六段第一句可知缺乏可用的熊猫卵子是一个 最主要的问题。Which of the following should be the best title for the passage?A. Chinas Success in Cloning Pandas B. The First Cloned Panda in the World C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas D. China-the Native Place of Pandas Forev

10、er【解析】选C。标题归纳题。本文主要讨论了是否要以及如何克隆熊猫的问题。From the passage we know that.Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dogscientists try to implant a pandas egg into a rabbitKraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researchesabout two thousand of species will probably die out in a century 【解析

11、】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知D项正确。BThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“DriveLABin order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is on

12、e of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated（隔绝）and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later

13、 life.These include custom-made navigation（导航）tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and

14、about without having to rely on others. w“ But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they

15、 really need to.Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older dri

16、vers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We/re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventi

17、ng that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案）to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel. ”【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。老年驾驶人员由于种种原因不想驾驶车辆，而 研究人员试图通过开发新技术，让老年人继续享受驾驶车辆带来的乐趣。What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?To explore new means of transport.To design new types of cars.

18、To find out older driversproblems.To teach people traffic rules.【解析】选Co细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子. in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are 可 知，DriveLAB的目的是了解老年驾驶人员所面临的挑战和发现他们不想驾驶车辆 的关键所在，故答案为CoWhy is driving important for older people accordi

19、ng to Phil Blythe?It keeps them independent.It helps them save time.It builds up their strength.It cures their mental illnesses.【解析】选Ao细节理解题。根据第四段中的句子For many older people. driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on

20、others.可知，老年人开车的重要性在于能够 保持独立性，获得不依赖别人出行的自由，故答案为A。What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?Improve their driving skills.Develop driver-assist technologies.Provide tips on repairing their cars.Organize regular physical checkups.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三、四段的内容可知，研究人员正在开发一 些车载技术帮助老年人继续驾车，这些技术包括定制的导航技术cu

21、stom-made navigation tools,夜视系统 night vision systems 和智能速度适应器 intelligent speed adaptationso 故答案为 B。What is the best title for the text?A New Model Electric CarA Solution to Traffic ProblemDriving Services for EldersKeeping Older Drivers on the Road【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要是关于针对老年人开车的 问题，研究人员试图开发出一些新

22、技术，以使老年人继续享受开车的乐趣，故答 案为D。CMarket research has been done to see if people would accept meat from either cloned animals or the offspring）clones. A study done by the International Food Information Council in 2007 asked US respondents（调查对象）if they would buy meat, milk, and eggs from cloned animals.Of th

23、e respondents, 10%would be 44 very I 汰 ely，36% would be “somewhat likely”， while 28%would be “not too likely and a quarter“ not at all likely The respondents were slightly more favourable（乐于接受的）when asked the same question about the offspring of cloned animals.In the US, the hormone（激素）rBST is given

24、 to cows to increase milk production. In the EU and a number of other places such hormone treatment is banned. But even in the US, milk and meat is often labelled as rBST hormone free.The US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)is not requiring labelling for meat from cloned animals or offspring of clon

25、es because its position is that there is no scientific difference between that and non cloned meat. It has said it will permit voluntary labelling.And despite the scientific evidence it gave, there are still plenty of critics against its position on cloned meat. After the 2008 guidance was published

26、, Senator Barbara Mikulski said: /zThe FDA has acted recklessly and I am very disappointed in their rush to allow cloned foods. Just because something created in a lab doesnt mean we should have to eat it. If we discover a problem with cloned food after it is in our food supply and its not labelled,

27、 the FDA wont be able to recall it. 【语篇概述】本文讲述了在美国人们对待克隆食品的态度以及存在的种种争议。 9. Whats the aim of the International Food Information Councils study?To prove cloned foods are safe.To persuade people to eat cloned foods.To find the possible bad effects of cloned foods.To know peoples attitudes towards clone

28、d foods.【解析】选Do细节理解题。由第一、二段可知，International Food Information Council进行这一调查和研究的目的是了解人们对克隆食品的态度。The underlined word“recklesslyin Paragraph 5 is the closest in meaning to.A. carelessly B. formallyC. effectivelyD. uselessly【解析】选A。词义猜想题。根据下文“我很失望他们匆忙地许可了克隆食物”， 可以判断前面recklessly一词应该表示“草率地；鲁莽地”之意。According

29、to Senator Barbara Mikulski,.cloning animals is illegalcloned foods should be labelledcloned foods should be forbiddencloned foods have health problems【解析】选Bo推理判断题。根据Barbara Mikulski所说的“如果人们食用了克隆 食品出了健康问题的话，如果没有标签这些食物将无法被召回”可推断他认为应 该对克隆食品贴标签，因此判断B项正确。Whats the best title for the passage?Why do peopl

30、e in the US not like to accept cloned food?Differences between cloned and non-cloned meatWhat are the attitudes towards cloned food in the US?Various responses to a study on cloned food【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了美国人对待克隆食品的态度以及存 在的种种争议，因此C项作为标题最合适。【技法导练】阅读理解一一标题归纳题标题归纳题要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳等 逻辑思维方法对文章

31、进行高度概括或总结。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以 是句子。标题的特点是：短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文, 其确定的范围还要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；同时，还要注意标题的趣味 性和新颖性。考生可以采用逆推或排除法，即把一些不合标题规范或特点的选项 排除。非合适标题的特点：概括不够（多表现为局部代整体，导致范围过小）；过度 概括（多表现为扩大范围）；以偏概全（以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意）；张冠李 戴（把一事说成别的事）。如C篇第12题：选项原因及结论A B C D 答案：以偏概全（仅指出原因）；以偏概全（仅指出差异）：正确；张冠李戴（把对克 隆食品的反响说成对研究的反

32、响）【补偿训练】I.阅读理解Plant cloning has been an agricultural technique used by farmers and gardeners for centuries. Grafting（嫁J妾）is a common form of plant cloning. Many plants in nature actually clone themselves and reproduce asexually.Cloned plants are much more predictable than normal plants, so their yie

33、ld（产量）is more reliable. Cloned plants also reproduce faster, decreasing the amount of time between planting and harvesting. It is also often cheaper to produce seeds through cloning than through traditional methods. Plants can essentially be optimized so that farmers or individual growers always hav

34、e the best seeds available. With more yield at a faster rate, farms can produce more food for more people while decreasing overall costs.Cloning can be used to wipe out diseases that previously killed off entire fields of crops. This would make plants immune（免疫的）to the kinds of diseases that farmers

35、 and gardeners around the world fear each year. Crop failures due to diseases and viruses could become a thing of the past. Also, plants that are near extinction can be brought back to life through cloning.Through cloning scientists can develop “super fruits and vegetables of superior nutritional qu

36、ality. This could make for a healthier population overall. This is already being done through selective pollination（授粉），and genetic cloning could take it to the next level.By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases, but in nat

37、ure the weak would die and the strong would survive. While there are some dangers to consider with plant cloning, there are plenty of benefits that could prove vital to the propagation（繁A）of the human species.【语篇概述】本文介绍了克隆植物的利与弊。The underlined word“optimizedin Paragraph 2 can be replaced byA. enlarg

38、ed B. producedC. perfected D. examined【解析】选Co词义猜想题。根据第二段中该词的下文growers always have the best seeds available ”种植者可以使用最好的种子”可猜想该词意为“好的或优的”。According to the text, cloned plants.have lower yield than normal plantshave a short growth cycleresist various kinds of diseasesneed little care from people【解析】选B。

39、推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知克隆植物繁殖快，从种植到 收获，间隔时间短，也就是生长周期短。What can we infer from the text?The fruits produced by cloned plants taste much better.There are more cloned plants than normal plants.Plant cloning can disturb the laws of nature.People should avoid eating cloned fruits.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知克隆植物会造出完全一样

40、的植物, 它们也可能会患上同样的病。这与自然中适者生存的法那么是相反的。所以说克隆 植物会扰乱自然法那么。What is the main purpose of the text?To warn the negative effects of plant cloning.To present different kinds of plant cloning.To predict the future of plant cloning.To inform us about the advantages of plant cloning.【解析】选D。写作意图题。根据各段的段首句可知本文主要讲的克

41、隆植物的好 处：增加农作物的产量、提高植物的免疫力、提高水果和蔬菜的质量和利于人类 的繁衍等。II.阅读填句根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。There are some advantages of fast food, and one of them is saving time. As we know, besides the time a person has to spend in the kitchen, cooking a meal may require him/her to make a trip to the superma

42、rket to buy the materials for the dish. 1 However, fast food is less healthy than home-cooked meals. 2But very small amounts of vegetables and fruit are present in fast food. Moreover, fast food rich in salt is bad for us.3Family meal time is something that is considered as an opportunity for all the family members to come together and share their experiences. However, the fast food centers are quickly