unit4-grammar-定语从句

1、Attributive clause一两个基本概念1. 什么是定语？He is a tall boy.This is the boy learning English well.This is the girl sent to the hospital that day.I have chance to travel around the world.The books on the shelf belong to her.定语是英语句子中的修饰成分，用来修饰名词或代词；常见的表现形式有：形容词、分词或分词短语、不定式及介词短语等。2. 什么是从句？ He asked why Tom had

2、been late.He will go to Beijing if it is fine tomorrow.The man that I saw yesterday is our headmaster.复杂句子中，一个或几个主谓结构充当主句的某一成分或充当某一词组的一个部分，称为从句。宾语从句条件状语从句定语从句复杂句子中，一个或几个主谓结构充当主句的定语成分或充当某一词组的定语部分，称为定语从句。二两个术语e.g The boy who broke the window is called Roy. 1. 先行词：2. 关系词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词为先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词

3、。e.g A plane is a machine that can fly.Grammar: 定语从句定语从句两个术语先行词（定语从句所修饰的名词或代词为先行词。）关系词关系代词关系副词When(时间)、 why(原因)、where（地点）that（指人又指物）which (指物)who /whom (指人)whose(用于物或人的所有格)三. 定语从句之结构特征The man who sells vegetables lives next to us.（1）定语从句通常位于其所修饰的名词或代词，即先行词后；（2）定语从句与主句间用关系词连接，关系词指代先行词，并在从句中充当某一成分。从句关

4、系代词先行词1. The man sells vegetables. （主句） The man lives next to us.（从句）The man who / that lives next to us sells vegetables.2. The man sells vegetables. （从句） The man lives next to us. （主句）The man who / that sells vegetables lives next to us.四.练习主句：1. The boy is called Tom.2. Do you know the girl?3. Do

5、 you know the boy?4. I want to talk to the boys. 从句：1. He broke the widows. 2. I gave her a book on my way home. 3. I shook hands with him just now. 4. Their work hasnt been handed in. 注：that（指人又指物）which (指物) who /whom (指人) whose(用于物或人的所有)主句： 5. He prefers the cheese. 6. The eggs were not fresh. 7.

6、The pen is on the desk. 8. I have a beautiful carpet. 从句：5. It comes from his parents farm.6. I bought them yesterday. 7. I used to write with the pen. 8. The colour of the carpet is red. 1.1 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.1.2 The man that lives next to us sells vegetables.2.1 Do you

7、know the girl whom I gave a book my way home?2.2 Do you know the girl that I gave a book on my way home?2.3 Do you know the girl -I gave a book on my way home?2.4 Do you know the girl who I gave a book on my way home?3.1 Do you know the boy whom I shook hands with just now?3.2 Do you know the boy wi

8、th whom I shook hands just now?3.3 Do you know the boy that I shook hands with just now?3.4 Do you know the boy -I shook hands with just now?3.5 Do you know the boy who I shook hands with just now? 4. I want to talk to the boys whose work hasnt been handed in.5.1 He prefers the cheese which comes fr

9、om his parents farm.5.2 He prefers the cheese that comes from his parents farm.6.1 The eggs were not fresh which I bought yesterday.6.2 The eggs were not fresh that I bought yesterday.6.3 The eggs were not fresh - I bought yesterday.7.1 The pen which I used to write with is on the desk.7.2 The pen w

10、ith which I used to write is on the desk.7.3 The pen that I used to write with is on the desk.7.4 The pen - I used to write with is on the desk.8.1 I have a beautiful carpet the colour of which is red.8.2 I have a beautiful carpet of which the colour is red.8.3 I have a beautiful carpet whose colour

11、 is red.Summary1：关系代词有哪些？它们的作用与用法是怎样的？2：什么情况下，关系代词可省略？通过分析第1，2，3，4组句子的答案，我们可以看出，当先行词为“人”时，我们可以使用的关系代词为who/whom/that/whose; 我们并不使用which.当需要关系代词在从句中充当主语时，应该使用who/that, 不能省略关系代词；当需要关系代词在从句中充当动词宾语时，应该使用whom/that/who,可以省略关系代词; 当需要关系代词在从句中充当介词宾语时，应该使用whom/that/who,当介词位于关系代词前时，只能使用whom，关系代词不能省略，当介词位于从句中时，只

12、能使用whom/that/who，关系代词可以省略。当需要关系代词在从句中充当定语时，应该使用whose, 不能省略关系代词。通过分析第5，6，7，8组句子的答案，我们可以看出，当先行词为“物”时，我们可以使用的关系代词为which/that/whose; 我们并不使用who/whom.当需要关系代词在从句中充当主语时，应该使用which/that, 不能省略关系代词；当需要关系代词在从句中充当动词宾语时，应该使用which/that,可以省略关系代词; 当需要关系代词在从句中充当介词宾语时，应该使用which/that,当介词位于关系代词前时，只能使用which，关系代词不能省略，当介词位于从句中时，只能使用which/that，关系代词可以省略。当需要关系代词在从句中充当定语时，应该使用the+名词+of+which/whose, 不能省略关系代词。思考题1：两大组句子中 先行词分为两类： 一类为“人”； 一类为“物（含动物）”；思考题2：当先行词为“人”时，我们可以使用的关系代词为who/whom/that/whose; 我们并不使用whi