初二上册英语语法精讲名补教案 Unit8 可数名词和不可数名词

1、.*;初二上册暑假英语补习班名补教案目的进步班 名师培优精讲【教学目的】 可数名词和不可数名词【教学重点】可数及不可数名词的区分；可数名词的复数形式；【教学难点】1、可数名词的规那么变化和不规那么变化。2、特殊可数名词常考复数【进门得分】一、写出以下名词的复数形式。1. broom _ car _ tree _ horse_2. bus_ fox _ branch _ class_3. baby _ family _ country_4. radio _ photo_ piano_5. knife _ leaf_ life_ thief_6. man_ woman_ child_ foot_7

2、. woman teacher _ apple tree _ step son_【教学内容】一、名词的概念：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。二、名词的分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词。一 普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词表示一类人或物的个体，如：girl；desk；dog；window； book；pen等和集体名词由假设干个体组成的集合体，如：family；class；people等。不可数名词包括物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如：water；paper；silk；honey；cream；money等和抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、

3、感情或其它抽象概念，如：work；happiness；music；difficulty；beauty； youth；poverty等。二 专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等，如：Tom；the Great Wall；the Spring Festival；France；China；Christmas等。三、名词的数：一 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：1. 规那么变化：1 一般情况下，在词尾加s。例如： bookbooks；hathats；pencilpencils；girlgirls以清辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为s，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为z。在p

4、tkf等清辅音后s：cups；cats；books；photographs在bdgv等浊辅音后z：cards；bags；knives；labs；lions2以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，变复数时，要在词尾加-es。例如： beachbeaches，brushbrushes，busbuses，boxboxes，classclasses， glassglasses，lunchlunches3以“辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es。例如： babybabies citycities，familyfamilies， countrycountries，strawberrystrawberr

5、iesies读音为iz注意：以“元音字母 + y结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s。例如：holidays；days；plays；ways；donkeys；boys；toys4以-f或-fe结尾的名词,变复数时，先把f或fe变为v，再加-es。例如：wifewives，leafleaves，halfhalves，knifeknives，thiefthieves shelfshelvesves读音为vz2. 不规那么变化：1以o结尾的名词，一般在词尾加-s。例如：zoozoos； radioradios； photophotos； pianopianos, kangarookangaroos而有些在词尾

6、加-es，它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。negronegroes； heroheroes； potatopotatoes； tomatotomatoes2有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es，而是变换其中的字母。例如：manmen；womanwomen；policemanpolicemen；EnglishmanEnglishmen；FrenchmanFrenchmen；footfeet； toothteeth； childchildren；mousemice；oxoxen公牛3 还有一些名词的单数和复数形式一样。例如：ChineseChinese；JapaneseJapanese；

7、sheepsheep；deerdeer4 复合名词： 前面的名词是man或woman，变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式。例如：man teachermen teachers； woman driverwomen drivers 假如是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。例如：boy studentboy students； apple treeapple trees与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。例如： brother-in-law brothers-in-law； passer-by passers-by。5 有些以f或fe结尾的词直接加s

8、变成复数。例如：roofroofs，chiefchiefs，gulfgulfs6某国人的复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。例如：Chinese中国人Chinese； Japanese日本人JapaneseEnglishman英国人Englishmen；Frenchman法国人Frenchmen German德国人 Germans；American美国人Americans7有些名词通常只用作复数。例如：glasses眼镜；clothes衣服；goods货物；trousers裤子8集体名词的数： 有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people；cattle；police 有些名词既可用作单数又

9、可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。例如： This family is a big family. My family are watching TV. There are 50 students in this class. The class are listening to their teacher.二 不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但是可以用一些量词来表示不可数名词的数量。1表不定数量时，一般用much，a1ittle，a lot oflots of，some，any等词修饰。例如： much money；a little bread；a lot of ice crea

10、m；some juice2 表确定数量时，一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。变复数时可以把前面的量词变成复数。例如：a bottle of milk；a glass of water； a can of beer； a piece of paper；two bottles of milk；two pieces of paper； two glasses of water注意：我们也可用“数词+量词+of+名词复数这一构造表示可数名词的数量。例如：a box of oranges；two bags of books；a room of students 三有些词，单数形式和复数形式的词义不同

11、，需特别注意。例如：sand沙sands沙滩；chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁an orange橘子；room空间、余地a room房间；good好处，好处goods货物； custom风俗 customs海关；spirit精神 spirits情绪；manner方式 manners礼貌；forceforces武装力量；communication通讯communications通讯系统，通讯工具；cloth布clothes衣服；content内容 contents目录；convenience便利conveniences便利设备；humanity人类humanities人

12、文科学；necessity需要 necessities必需品；pain疼痛pains辛劳；ruin消灭ruins废墟，遗迹；wood木材woods树林；work工作works工厂，著作；airairs架子，神气。【过手练习】二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_sheep are there on the hill?2. There is some_food in the basket.3. The baby has only two_tooth now.4. There is a lot of_water in the bottle.5. There are five_peo

13、ple in his family.6. Lets take_photo, OK?7. I have lots of_tomato here.8. The_leaf on the tree turn yellow.9. The_child are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_dictionary look new.11. I have three foreign friends. They are _American.12. They are_woman doctors.13. Can you give me some bottl

14、es of _ orange, please?14. There are many_fox in the picture.15. I would like some apple_juice. I am very thirsty.三、将以下词组译成汉语。 1. 三杯牛奶_ 2. 一袋大米_3. 三篮子苹果 _ 4. 一碗面条_5. 四盒子书_ 6. 六片面包_7. 五张纸_ 8. 三听橘汁_9.八条新闻_ 10. 一箱香蕉_【拓展训练】四、选择填空。1. The deer has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2. Her two brothe

15、rs are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens3. There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans D. Japaneses, Germans4. Two _ will come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5. C

16、an you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6. The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7. The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8. The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her s

17、tudy. A. woman B. women C. man D. men9. There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices【课后作业】1. Yesterday Lucy told us such good that we are all amazed at it. A. news B. ideas C. sugg

18、estion D. answer 2. There are fifty in our school. They are all friendly to us. A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teacher D. women teachers3. After P.E., I often feel very thirsty. Why not buy some _ to drink?A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas4. When is _ Day? Its on June 1st, Dave

19、.A. ChildB. ChildrenC. ChildsD. Childrens5. Lily, lets make vegetable salad. How many _do we need? One is enough. A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes 6. Mum, its so hot. Could I have some _? A. hamburgersB. breadC. ice-cream【答案与解析】一、写出以下名词的复数形式。1. brooms; cars; trees; horses2. buses; foxes; branches; c

20、lasses3. babies; families; countries4. radios; photos; pianos5. knives; leaves; lives; thieves6. men; women; children; feet7. women teachers; apple trees; step sons二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves9. children 10. dictionaries 11. Americans 12

21、. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice三、将以下词组译成汉语。 1. three glasses of milk 2. a bag of rice 3. three baskets of apples 4. a bowl of noodles5. four boxes of books 6. six pieces of bread 7. five pieces of paper 8. three cans of orange9. eight pieces of news 10. a box of bananas四、选择填空。1. B。根据空前的four可知

22、空中应该填名词的复数形式，foot的复数形式是feet，所以答案为B。2. C。policeman的复数形式为policemen。3. C。某国人的复数变化可根据口诀“中日不变，英法变，其余-s加后边。Japanese的复数形式不变，还是Japanese；German的复数形式是Germans，所以答案为C。4. C。前面的名词是man或woman的复合名词，变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式，所以答案为C。5. A。根据空前的nine可知空中应该填名词的复数形式，sheep的复数形式还是sheep，其余选项中的名词都应该加上-s，所以答案为A。6. C。根据谓语动词has可知第一个空应该填名词单数形式；根据two可知第二个空填名词的复数形式，watch的复数形式是加-es，所以答案为C。7. C。tooth“牙齿的复数形式是teeth。8. A。根据从句当中的she可知空中应该填名词单数形式且为女性，所以答案为A。9. C。toma