初中英语语法宾从

1、宾语从句的定义划出下面的宾语部分I know him. He runs a big shoe factory. We grow lots of vegetables. He told me the news. I hear that you have passed the examination. 置于动词、介词和形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句，如think, hope, wish, believe ,say ,know ,hear ,tell ,remember ,forget等，

2、常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised。He told me（that）he would go to college the next year.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.I am sorry I am late.I am sure I will pass the exam.宾语从句主要考点梳理一.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that

3、常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which ,whoever, whatever, whichever副词：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, su

4、ggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略1.当

5、句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3

6、.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died.注意事项：如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾

7、.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder wheth

8、er(if) they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1.直接与or not连用时例句：I cant say whether or not they can come on time.2.在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.3.在介词的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.Everything depends on whether we have enough money。只能用if不能用whether引

9、导的宾语从句if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序：连接代词/副词主语谓语其他成分。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,

10、whose,which,what，在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。如：例句：Do you know who will come this afternoon ? (作主语) Did you hear what she said ? （作宾语） I dont know whose that is . （作表语）Could you tell me which gate we have to go to ? （作定语）Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?（作宾语）英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：N

11、one of us knows where these new parts can be bought.Can you tell me how I get to the post office ? We didnt know when she would come back .二.宾语从句的时态1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：She says that she is a student.She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She says that she has finished her homework al

12、ready.She says that she can sing a song in English.I hear he was here yesterday.Could you tell me what you were doing at eight last night?2、主句是过去时态，从句需改为相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改为一般过去时，现在进行时改为过去进行时，一般将来时改成过去将来时，现在完成时和一般过去时改为过去完成时。She said that she was a student.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.S

13、he said that she had finished her homework already.She said that she could sing a song in English.She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.3、如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。She said she came to work here in 1998.The teacher told us that the war broke out in the winter of 1923.4、如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.5、委婉语气Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，并不表示过去常按照一般现在时处理。Could you tell me when we will visi