电镀废水处理毕业设计p

1、 PAGE iv摘 要：电镀是世界三大污染行业之一，随着我国乡镇电镀企业的迅速发展，我国的电镀污染问题日趋严重。本文首先阐述了我国电镀废水的污染现状以及对人类产生的危害，在对化学处理、离子交换、电解法、生物处理等电镀废水处理方法的分析和比较后，结合乡镇电镀企业要求工艺简单、成本低等特点，决定采用NaHSO4化学还原沉淀法处理该企业的含铬、锌废水。本工艺是在pH=2.5时用NaHSO4溶液将Cr6+还原为Cr3+，在用NaOH溶液调节pH=8后生成Cr(OH)3和Zn(OH)2沉淀，在添加絮凝剂PAC和PAM后生成的絮体在斜板沉淀池中沉淀，出水经砂滤器过滤后可回用于砂滤器反冲洗水及各种溶液的配制

2、，或者达标排放，而污泥则统一交于专业的环保公司处理。在设计中采用了较为先进的ORP测定仪、在线pH计和液位计实现反应过程的自动控制。通过设计计算确定了各构筑物的尺寸以及设备的选型，并对设计和操作管理中的要求进行了说明，最后对电镀废水治理的前景进行了展望。关键字：电镀废水；Cr；Zn；化学还原沉淀法Abstract：With the speedy development of the electroplating enterprise in towns in our country, electroplating industry，as one of the biggest pollutions

3、 in the world ,causes the pollution more and more severely . In this paper, describes the present situation of the electroplating effluent water pollution and the great harm it makes to the human kind has been described. After the analyses and the comparison of different ways for treatment of electr

4、oplating effluent such as chemical treatment process、ion exchange process、electrolytic method and biological process, I decide to adopt the NaHSO4 reduction-precipitation to treat the waste water containing Cr and Zn for the corporations , considering the features of the town electroplating corporat

5、ions demands of simple techniques, low costs, etc. This technology is to deoxidize Cr6+ into Cr3+ by NaHSO4 solution at the PH=2.5, then adjust the PH to 8 with NaOH solution to make Cr(OH)3 and Zn(OH)2 sediment. The flocculating constituent，formed after adding the flocculating agent PAC and PAM , c

6、an be deposited in the sloping plank settling tank. The water left after filtrating through a sank filter can be recycled as the backwash of sank filter and be used in confecting various solutions or be discharged an emission standard. and, the sludge can be solved by the professional environmental

7、protecting companies. It adopts some relatively advanced equipment such as measuring element of ORP、pH meter and content gauge realize the automata of the reaction process. Through elaborate designation and calculation, the size of each construct and the type election of the equipment have been asce

8、rtained. Besides, with explanations about the designation and the demands in the operating management, it finally comes to the prospect of solving the problem of the waste water from plating.Key word: electroplating effluent, Chromium , Zinc , reduction-precipitation目录 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498932 引言1

9、TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc168498932 第1章 电镀废水概论2 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498933 1.1 电镀污染现状2 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498934 1.2 电镀废水的危害3 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498935 1.2.1 含铬废水的危害3 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498936 1.2.2含锌废水的危害4 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498937 1.3 我国治理电镀废水的发展历程4 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498940 第2章 设计背景5 HYPERLI

10、NK l _Toc168498938 2.1项目概况和意义5 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498938 2.2设计条件5 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498938 2.3设计原则4 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498941 第3章 电镀废水处理方法比较6 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498942 3.1 化学处理法6 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498943 3.1.1 含铬废水的处理6 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498944 3.1.2 含锌废水的处理9 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498945 3.2 离子交换处理法1

11、0 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498946 3.3 电解法11 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498947 3.4生物法12 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498948 3.4.1 生物絮凝法12 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498949 3.4.2 生物吸附法12 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498950 3.4.3 生物化学法13 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498951 3.4.4 植物修复法13 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498952 3.5 膜分离技术14 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498953 3.6

12、 离子浮选法14 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498954 3.7 黄原酸法14 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498955 3.8 腐殖酸法15 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498956 3.9活性炭吸附法15 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498957 第4章 处理工艺的确定16 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498958 4.1 工艺流程选择16 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498959 4.2 工艺流程说明17 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498960 4.2.1 废水系统17 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498

13、961 4.2.2 污泥系统17 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498962 4.2.3 药剂投配系统17 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498963 4.3 工艺条件控制17 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498964 第5章 单体构筑物的设计计算18 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498965 5.1调节池18 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498966 5.2反应池18 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498967 5.3 斜板沉淀池21 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498968 5.4 中间水池25 HYPERLINK l _To

14、c168498969 5.5 过滤器25 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498970 5.6 清水池26 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498971 5.7 药剂投配系统27 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498972 5.8 污泥处理系统28 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498973 第6章 水力计算30 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498974 6.1 调节池水泵扬程30 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498975 6.2 砂滤器水泵扬程31 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498976 6.2.1 进水提升泵31 HYPERLIN

15、K l _Toc168498977 6.2.2 反冲洗水泵31 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498978 第7章 设计管理要求33 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498979 7.1设备与材料要求33 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498980 7.2 电气控制系统设计要求33 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498981 7.2.1 处理系统的自动控制方式33 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498982 7.2.2 处理系统的手动控制方式34 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498983 7.3 处理药剂及药品消耗34 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498984 7.3.1 处理药剂34 HYPERLINK l _Toc168498985 7.3.2 药品损耗估算34 HYPE