流体动力学词汇

1、流体动力学fluiddynamics连续介质力学mechanicsofcontinuousmedia介质medium流体质点fluidparticle无粘性流体nonviscousfluid,inviscidfluid连续介质假设continuousmediumhypothesis流体运动学fluidkinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governingequation伯努利方程Bernoulliequation伯努利定理Bernonllitheorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savartlaw欧拉方程Eulerequation亥姆霍

2、兹定理Helmholtztheorem开尔文定理Kelvintheorem涡片vortexsheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowskicondition布拉休斯解Blasiussolution达朗贝尔佯廖dAlembertparadox雷诺数Reynoldsnumber施特鲁哈尔数Strouhalnumber随体导数materialderivative不可压缩流体incompressiblefluid质量守恒conservationofmass动量守恒conservationofmomentum能量守恒conservationofenergy动量方程momentumequat

3、ion能量方程energyequation控制体积controlvolume液体静压hydrostaticpressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differentialpressure流动flow流线streamline流面streamsurface流管streamtube迹线path,pathline流场flowfield流态flowregime流动参量flowparameter流量flowrate,flowdischarge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortexfilament涡线vortexline涡面vortexsurface涡层vortexlayer涡环vor

4、texring涡对vortexpair涡管vortextube涡街vortexstreet卡门涡街Karmanvortexstreet马蹄涡horseshoevortex对流涡胞convectivecell卷筒涡胞rollcell涡eddy涡粘性eddyviscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocitycirculation偶极子doublet,dipole驻点stagnationpoint总压力totalpressure总压头totalhead静压头statichead总焙totalenthalpy能量输运energytransport速度剖面ve

5、locityprofile库埃特流Couetteflow单相流singlephaseflow单组份流single-comporientflow均匀流uniformflow非均匀流nonunifonnflow二维流two-dimensionalflow三维流three-dimensionalflow准定常流quasi-steadyflowWE定常流unsteadyflow,non-steadyflow暂态流transientflow周期流periodicflow振荡流oscillatoryflow分层流stratifiedflow无旋流irrotationalflow有旋流rotationalf

6、low车由对称流axisymmetricflow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流动incompressibleflow浮体floatingbody定倾中心metacenter阻力drag,resistanee减阻dragreduction表面力surfaceforce表面张力surfacetension毛细管作用capillarity来流incomingflow自由流freestream自由流线freestreamline夕卜流externalflow进口entrance,inlet出口exit,outlet扰动disturbance,perturbation分布dist

7、ribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附力口质量addedmassassociatedmass收缩contraction镜象法imagemethod无量纲参数dimensionlessparameter几何木目彳以geometricsimilarity运动木目彳以kinematicsimilarity动力相似性dynamicsimilarity平面流planeflow势potential势流potentialflow速度势velocitypotential复势complexpotential复速度complexvelocity流函数strea

8、mfunction源source汇sink速度水头velocityhead拐角流cornerflow空泡流cavityflow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavityflow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speedaerodynamics高速空气动力学high-speedaerodynamics气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流动subsonicflow跨声速流动transonicflow超声速流动supersonicflow锥形流conicalflow楔流wedgeflow叶栅流cascadeflow非平衡流动non-equil

9、ibriumflow细长体slenderbody细长度slenderness钝头体bluffbody钝体bluntbody翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoiltheory构型configuration后缘trailingedge迎角angleofattack失速stall脱体激波detachedshockwave波阻wavedrag诱导阻力induceddrag诱导速度inducedvelocity临界雷诺数criticalReynoldsnumber前缘涡leadingedgevortex附着涡boundvortex约束涡confinedvortex气动中心aer

10、odynamiccenter气动力aerodynamicforce气动噪声aerodynamicnoise气动力口热aerodynamicheating离解dissociation地面效应groundeffect气体动力学gasdynamics稀疏波rarefactionwave热状态方程thermalequationofstate喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyerflow瑞利流Rayleighflow可压缩流动compressibleflow可压缩流体compressiblefluid绝热流adiabaticflow非绝热流diabaticflow未扰动流undistu

11、rbedflow等!W流isentropicflow匀!W流homoentropicflow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniotcondition状态方程equationofstate量热状态方程caloricequationofstate完全气体perfectgas拉瓦尔喷管Lavalnozzle马赫角Machangle马赫锥Machcone马赫线Machline马赫数Machnumber马赫波Machwave当地马赫数localMachnumber冲击波shockwave激波shockwave正激波normalshockwave斜激波obliqueshockwave头波bow

12、wave附体激波attachedshockwave激波阵面shockfront激波层shocklayer压缩波compressionwave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exitpressure超压强overpressure反压backpressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylorinstability盖斯特纳波Gerstnerwave斯托克斯波Stokes

13、wave瑞禾寸数Rayleighnumber自由面freesurface波速wavespeed,wavevelocity波高waveheight波列wavetrain波群wavegroup波能waveenergy表面波surfacewave表面张力波capillarywave规贝1J波regularwave不规贝卩波irregularwave浅水波shallowwaterwave深水波deepwaterwave重力波gravitywave椭圆余弦波cnoidalwave潮波tidalwave涌波surgewave破碎波breakingwave船波shipwave非线性波nonlinearwav

14、e孤立子soliton水动力噪声hydrodynamicnoise水击waterhammer空化cavitation空化数cavitationnumber空蚀cavitationdamage超空化流supercavitatingflow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波floodwave涟漪ripple消能energydissipation海洋水动力学marinehydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezyformula欧拉数Eulernumber弗劳德数Froudenumber水力半径hydraulicradius水力坡度hvdraulicslope高度水头elevati

15、nghead水头损失headloss水位waterlevel水跃hydraulicjump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线backwatercurve压强水头pressurehead过水断面flowcross-section明槽流openchannelflow孑L流orificeflow无压流freesurfaceflow有压流pressureflow缓流subcriticalflow急流supercriticalflow渐变流graduallyvariedflow急变流rapidlyvariedflow临界流criticalflow异重流density

16、current,gravityflow堰流weirflow掺气流aeratedflow含沙流sediment-ladenstream降水曲线dropdowncurve沉积物sediment,deposit沉降堆积sedimentation,deposition沉降速度settlingvelocity流动稳定性flowstability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Oir-Sommerfeldequation涡量方程vorticityequation泊肃叶流Poiseuilleflow奥辛流Oseenflow剪切流shearflow粘性流动viscousflow层流laminar

17、flow分离流separatedflow二次流secondaryflow近场流nearfieldflow远场流farfieldflow滞止流stagnationflow尾流wakeflow回流backflow反流reverseflow射流jet自由射流freejet管流pipeflow,tubeflow内流internalflow拟序结构coherentstructure猝发过程burstingprocess表观粘度apparentviscosity运动粘性kinematicviscosity动力粘性dynamicviscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪

18、切层shearlayer次层sublayer流动分离flowseparation层流分离laminarseparation湍流分离turbulentseparation分离点separationpoint附着点attachmentpoint再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡startingvortex驻涡standingvortex涡旋破碎vortexbreakdown涡旋脱落vortexshedding压力降pressuredrop压差阻力pressuredrag压力能pressureenergy型阻profiledrag滑移速度slipvelocit

19、y无滑移条件non-slipcondition壁剪应力skinfriction,frictionaldrag壁剪切速度frictionvelocity磨擦损失frictionloss磨擦因子frictionfactor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similarsolution局域相似localsimilarity气体扌国滑gaslubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamiclubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylornumber纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokesequation牛顿流体Newtonianfluid边界层理论boundarylat

20、ertheory边界层方程boundarylayerequation边界层boundarylayer附面层boundarylayer层流边界层laminarboundarylayer湍流边界层turbulentboundarylayer温度边界层thermalboundarylayer边界层转據boundarylayertransition边界层分离boundarylayerseparation边界层厚度boundarylayerthickness位移厚度displacementthickness动量厚度momentumthickness能量厚度energythickness焙厚度enthal

21、pythickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylorvortex速度亏损律velocitydefectlaw形状因子shapefactor测速法anemometry粘度测定法viscosimetry流动显示flowvisualization油烟显示oilsmokevisualization孑L板流量计orificemeter频率口向应frequencyresponse油膜显示oilfilmvisualization阴影法shadowmethod纹影法schlierenmethod烟丝法smokewiremethod丝线法tuftmethod氢泡法nydrogenbu

22、bblemethod相似理论similaritytheory相似律similaritylaw部分相似partialsimilarity定理pitheorem,Buckinghamtheorem静态校准staticcalibration动态校准dynamiccalibration风洞windtunnel激波管shocktube激波管风洞shocktubewindtunnel水洞watertunnel拖曳水池towingtank旋臂水池rotatingarmbasin扩散段diffuser测压孑Lpressuretap皮托管pitottube普雷斯顿管prestontube斯坦顿管Stantont

23、ube文丘里管VenturitubeU形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiplemanometer静压管staticpressuretube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot-statictube激光多普勒测速计laserDoppleranemometer,laserDopplervelocimeter热线流速计hot-wireanemometer热膜流速计hot-filmanemometer流量计flowmeter粘度计viscosimeter涡量计vorticitymeter传感器transducer,sensor压强传感器

24、pressuretransducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线timeline脉线streakline尺度效应scaleeffect壁效应walleffect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockageeffect动态卩向应dynamicresponse响应频率responsefrequency底压basepressure菲克定律Ficklaw巴塞特力Bassetforce埃克特数Eckertnumber格拉斯霍夫数Grashofnumber努塞特数Nusseltnumber普朗特数prandtlnumber雷诺比拟Reynoldsanalogy施密特数schmidt

25、number斯坦顿数Stantonnumber对流convection自由对流naturalconvection,freeconvec-tion强迫对流forcedconvection热对流heatconvection质量传递masstransfer传质系数masstransfercoefficient热量传递heattransfer传热系数heattransfercoefficient对流传热convectiveheattransfer辐射传热radiativeheattransfer动量交换momentumtransfer冃E里传递energytransfer传导conduction热传导

26、conductiveheattransfer热交换heatexchange临界热通量criticalheatflux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusionvelocity分子扩散moleculardiffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computationalfluidmechanics多重尺度问题multiplescaleproblem伯格斯方程Burgersequation对流扩散

27、方程convectiondiffusionequationKDU方程KDVequation修正微分方程modifieddifferentialequation拉克斯等价定理Laxequivaleneetheorem数值模拟numericalsimulation大涡模拟largeeddysimulation数值粘性numericalviscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinearinstability希尔特稳定性分析Hirtstabilityanalysis相容条件consistencyconditionCFL条件Courant-Friedrichs-Lewycondition,CFLcond

28、ition狄里克雷边界条件DirichletboundaryconditioniW条件entropycondition远场边界条件farfieldboundarycondition流入边界条件inflowboundarycondition无反身寸边界条件nonreflectingboundarycondition数值边界条件numericalboundarycondition流出边界条件outflowboundarycondition冯.诺伊曼条件vonNeumanncondition近似因子分解法approximatefactorizationmethod人工压缩artificialcomp

29、ression人工粘性artificialviscosity边界元法boundaryelementmethod配置方法collocationmethod能量法energymethod有限体积法finitevolumemethod流体网格法fluidincellmethod,FLICmethod通量校正传输法flux-correctedtransportmethod通量矢量分解法fluxvectorsplittingmethod伽辽金法Galerkinmethod积分方法integralmethod标记网格法markerandcellmethod,MACmethod特征线法methodofcha

30、racteristics直线法methodoflines矩量法momentmethod多重网格法multi-gridmethod板块法panelmethod质点网格法particleincellmethod,PICmethod质点法particlemethod预估校正法predictor-correctormethod投影法projectionmethod准谱法pseudo-spectralmethod随机选取法randomchoicemethod激波捕捉法shock-capturingmethod激波拟合法shock-fittingmethod谱方法spectralmethod稀疏矩阵分解法

31、splitcoefficientmatrixmethod不定常法time-dependentmethod时间分步法timesplittingmethod变分法variationalmethod涡方法vortexmethod隐格式implicitscheme显格式explicitscheme交替方向隐格式alternatingdirectionimplicitscheme,ADIscheme反扩散差分格式anti-diffusiondifferencescheme紧差分格式compactdiffereneescheme守tS差分格式conservationdiffereneescheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolsonscheme杜福特-弗