高分子材料橡胶分解课件

1、高分子材料橡胶篇唐凯荣Kardos TangMacro-molecular MaterialsRubber第一代材料天然材料First Generation: Nature materials第二代材料提炼材料Second Generation: Epurate materials第三代材料高分子材料Third Generation: Macro-molecular materials什么是高分子材料？高分子材料是以高分子化合物为基材的一大类材料的总称。高分子化合物最大特点是分子巨大。大分子由一种或多种小分子互相连接而成。其形状主要为链状大分子或网状大分子。网状大分子链状大分子What is

2、Macro-molecular Materials？Macro-molecular material is a general calling for those Materials which use Macro-molecular compound as basic.The biggest character of macro-molecular material is their molecules are very huge. These huge molecules composed by one or serveral little molecules. Their molecul

3、e structure usually be “net-shape”and “chain-shape”.Net-shape moleculeChain-shape molecule热塑性塑料热固性塑料天然橡胶合成橡胶金属材料无机非金属材料高分子材料复合材料材料合成塑料纤维涂料粘合剂橡胶thermoplastic plasticsthermalset plasticsNatural rubberSynthetic rubberMetal MaterialInorganic nonmetal materialMacro molecular materialComposite materialMat

4、erialssynthetic plasticfibrepaintadhesiverubber橡胶形变时体积几乎不变！聚合物高弹性特性3. 拉伸的橡胶具有热弹性效应。1. 形变大2. 低弹性模量4. 具有明显的松弛特性。在不太大外力作用下，可以产生很大的形变，在去除外力后，形变几乎完全回复。聚合物这种特性称为高弹性，室温附近处于高弹态的高分子材料称为-橡胶。玻璃态高弹态粘流态玻璃化转变温度-Tg粘流温度-Tf橡 胶什么是橡胶？Rubbers volume wont change while its deformating.Character of rubber3. thermoelastic

5、effect .1. Huge deformation rate.2. Low modulus of elasticity .4. Obvious relaxation effect .。 Little strength can make it huge deformation，when remove the strength it will recover its original shape。This character of polymer we called it high elasticity.A material which perform high elasticity at r

6、oom temperature,we called it-Rubber。Glass statehigh-elastic state viscous state Glass transformate temperature-TgViscous tansformate temperature-TfRubberWhat is rubber？天然橡胶（NR）橡胶工业使用的大都来自三叶橡胶树。天然橡胶是橡胶树上流出的胶乳，经过凝固，干燥等工序加工而成的弹性固状物。1.耐溶剂性差2.耐老化性差1.很好的弹性。伸长率可达1000%，弹性模量比塑料低30倍。2.非常好的机械强度。它是结晶性橡胶，自补强性很大。

7、3.良好的电性能，耐屈饶性。3.耐磨性差4.优异的工艺加工性能。绉片胶烟片胶（80%）优点缺点Nature Rubber（NR）Most rubber industy use billia tree as raw materialAll NR are from rubber latex in rubber tree,after concretion and filatrate1.Bad solvent resistent2.Bad aging resistent1.Very good elasticity。Elongation rate can reach 1000%，elastic modu

8、lus 30 times lower than plastic。2.Very good mechanical strength 。It is crystal rubber,which has excellent self recover function。3.Good insulation capability。3. Abrasion resistant 4.Very good machinning capability。MeritDefect通用合成橡胶(General Synthesis Rubber)2. NBR3. IIR 1.SBR7. PBR6. EPDM顺丁橡胶丁基橡胶4.CR聚

9、异戊二烯橡胶5.IR丁苯橡胶styrene-butadiene rubberbutadiene rubber 丁腈橡胶乙丙橡胶氯丁橡胶Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomeracrylonitrile-butadiene rubber Isoprene rubber chloroprene rubber butyl rubber 丁苯橡胶（SBR）丁苯橡胶是以丁二烯与苯乙烯为单体，在乳液或溶液中用催化剂，催化共聚的高分子弹性体。1.耐溶剂性差2.加工性不如天然橡胶。1.很好的弹性，但低于天然橡胶。2.耐磨性能优于天然橡胶。3.耐龟裂性、耐热优于天然橡胶。4.抗湿滑性良好

10、。优点缺点产量最大的合成橡胶3.不能结晶，撕裂强度，拉伸强度均远低于天然橡胶.应用：主要应用于轮胎工业。无特殊要求的胶带，胶管及一些工业制品中也广泛应用。4.滞后损失大，生热高。styrene-butadiene rubber （SBR）SBR use butadiene and styrene as monomer，elastic copolymer.1Bad solvent resistent.2.Bad machiningperformance.1.Very good elasticity,but under NR。2. abrasion performance better than

11、NR.3.Aging and heat resistent better than NR.4.Good slip resistent.MeritDefectLagest output in all synthesis rubber3.Cant crystal，Tear resistent and tensile far lower than NR.Application：Main on the tyre industry,ordinary glue tape，rubber tube and so on.4.Have lag effect problem, easy to get hot whe

12、n being used.丁腈橡胶（NBR）丁腈橡胶是丁二烯和丙烯腈经乳液共聚而得到的高分子弹性体。2.耐老化性差1.很好的弹性，但低于天然橡胶和丁苯橡胶。2.耐油性和耐溶剂性在普通橡胶中最好。3.耐热性优于天然橡胶，丁苯橡胶。3.电绝缘性能不好4.气密性优于天然橡胶和丁苯橡胶，与丁基橡胶差不多。优点缺点4.非结晶聚合物，撕裂强度，拉伸强度均远低于天然橡胶应用：主要用作耐油，耐溶剂的橡胶制品。如油管，隔膜，垫圈，油衬，胶辊等。1.低温性能较差acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber （NBR）NBR is a copolymer elasticity which use b

13、utadiene and acrylonitrile as monomer .2.Bad aging performance.1.Good elasticity，but much lower than NR and SB.。2.Solvent and oil resistent are the best in synthesis rubber.3.Heat performance better than NR and SBR.3.Bad insolation performance4.Airtight seal performance better than NR and SBR，simila

14、r to IIR.MeritDefect4.Noncrystal polymer，tear and tensile bad than NR and SBR.Application：Main used for erode resistent rubber products.1.Bad low teperature performance.丁基橡胶（IIR）丁基橡胶是以异丁烯（其链节以头尾相连）和少量异戊二烯（主要为反式1，4-构型）共聚而得的线型大分子，基本上没有支链。2.硫化速度非常慢，加工性能不佳。1.丁基橡胶的气密性所有橡胶中最好。2.极好的耐热老化，耐天候老化。3.优异的耐腐蚀性。3.自

15、黏和互黏性差，与其他材料相容性差，难以并用。4.很好的防水性和电绝缘性，较好的吸收震动性。优点缺点应用：主要用于轮胎业，特别适用于作内胎，胶囊，气密层，胎侧以及胶管，防水建材，防腐蚀制品，电器制品，耐热传送带等。1.通用橡胶中丁基橡胶弹性最低。5.拉伸时结晶，有较高力学强度 。Butyl Rubber（IIR）IIR is a linear copolymer which use isobutylene and little isoprene (reverse-conformation）.2.Curing very slow,bad produce preformance.1.Airtight

16、 seal performance is the best in all SR.2.Very best heat performance and aging resistent.3.Excellent erode resistent.3.Bad compatibility, difficult to mix other matirials.4.Good water-proof and isolation，good vibrate absorption.MeritDefectApplication：Main used in tyre industry，especially suitable fo

17、r inside tyre, airtight seal layer,water-proof material,erode resisitent material and so on.1.Worst elasticity in SR.5.Crystal when stretching,good tensile stress.氯丁橡胶（CR）氯丁橡胶是2-氯丁二烯的聚合体。2.相对密度较大。1.易结晶，力学强度较高。2.耐油性优异，仅次于丁腈橡胶。3.所有通用橡胶中耐燃性最好。3.电绝缘性能较差。4.耐老化性好。优点缺点4.储藏稳定性不好，易发生交联。应用：广泛用于制造各种橡胶制品，如耐油及耐化

18、学腐蚀的胶管，容器衬里，胶辊，胶板，汽车和拖拉机配件，电缆护套，门窗密封条，此外还用做胶黏剂等。1.耐低温性较差。chloroprene rubber （CR）CR is a polymer of chloroprene monomer 。2.High density.1.Easy to crystal,very good mechanical stress.2.Very good erode resistent, No 2 in SR.3.The best inflaming retarding performance in SR.3.Bad insulation performance.4

19、.Good aging resistent.MeritDefect4.Easy to get crosslink, bad chemical stability.Application：Widely use in many rubber products，like erode resistent tube，container lining，rubber pad,rubber wheel，Auto parts,adhesive and so on.1.Bad low temperature resistent.聚异戊二烯橡胶（IR）聚异戊二烯橡胶是以异戊二烯单体为原料，应用有规立构催化系统聚合而

20、成。2.和天然橡胶缺点相似。1.比天然橡胶纯净，凝胶含量少，无杂质，质量均一。2.不需塑炼，混炼简便，冬季不用保温。3.机械强度高，物理性能均衡性好。4.粘性好，流动性好，加工容易。优点缺点应用：具有优良的物理力学性能，一般用于轮胎的胎胶；胶鞋，胶带，胶黏剂，浸渍制品以及医疗，食品用制品等。1.易发生降解，硫化速度较慢。5.震动吸收性和电性能好。Isoprene rubber （IR）IR is a polymer which use isoprene as monomer.2.Defects similar to NR.1.Pure than NR，less gel content，no i

21、mpurity，quality consistently。2.Dont need plasticate，easy to mix，no need keep warm in winter。3.Good mechanical stress.4.Good viscosity，good fluid，easy to machining。MeritDefectApplication：Has very good mechanical stress，using for tyre rubber；rubber shoes，glue tape，adhesive，immerse products and so on.1

22、.Easy to degradation，curing speed is low。5.Good vibrate absorption and insulation。乙丙橡胶（EPDM）乙烯与丙烯的共聚物。2.自黏性和互黏性较差，不易黏合，给加工工艺带来很大困难。1.耐老化，耐热，耐低温性能优异在通用橡胶中最好。2.电绝缘性优良，超过丁基橡胶。3.耐化学性好，对各种极性化学药品和酸，碱有较大的抗耐性。4.冲击弹性较好，仅次于顺丁橡胶和天然橡胶。优点缺点应用：除了不能做轮胎的胎面胶外，在工业，生活领域都有重要应用。如各种质轻浅色制品；电线，电缆包皮以及其它高压电器绝缘材料；汽车风雨胶条；加热器胶管

23、等。1.硫化速度慢，比一般合成橡胶慢34倍。5.单体易得，密度小，并可混入大量填料和油类，而性能下降不大。Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer（EPDM）Reacted by ethylene 、 propylene and diene.2.Bad self-mix and other-mix performance, not easy to machining. 1.The best performance in SR about aging、high and low temperature resistent.2.Good insulation performa

24、nce which passed IIR。3.Good solvent 、 oil and chemical resistent.4.Good impact resistent，just behind NR and PBR。MeritDefectApplication：Being used in every important industry and live aspect,but not in tyre industry.Such as many light and clear products；wire，cable crust ,some insulated products；Auto

25、rain squeggee and so on.1.Low curing speed,34 times slower than NR.5.Easy to get raw material, low density and can add a lot of additive. 顺丁橡胶（PBR）顺丁橡胶是以顺式丁二烯单体为原料，应用有规立构催化系统聚合而成。2.撕裂强度，拉伸强度较低。1.耐磨耗性优异，滞后损失小，生热低。2.弹性所有橡胶中最高。3.通用橡胶中耐低温型最好的橡胶。4.粘性好，流动性好，加工容易。优点缺点应用：主要用于制造轮胎，用量占总产量80%以上，一般与其他橡胶做成共混胶。还广

26、泛用于胶管，胶带，胶鞋及各种耐寒制品。1.生胶有冷流现象。5.震动吸收性和电性能好。3. 抗湿滑性不好，在是路面上易打滑。4.黏着性不好，加工性能较差。6.价格在合成橡胶中最低，比丁苯橡胶还低。butadiene rubber （PBR）PBR is a polymer which used butadiene as monomer to produce.2.Bad in both tear resistent and tensile stress.1.Excellent abrasion resistent，little lag loss，low heating make。2.The bes

27、t elasticity performance in all SR.3.The best low temperature performance in all SR. 4.Good viscosity and fluidity and easy to machining.MeritDefectApplication：Most used for tyre industry，about above 80%，it can also mix with other rubber to make modified rubber,and being used to make many low temper

28、ature rubber products.1.Raw rubber unstable and easy to fluid.5.Good vibrate absorption and insulation performance.3. Bad slip resistent performance，easy to get slip on road。4.Not easy to mix,bad machining performance.6.The cheapest price in all SR.聚氨酯 polyurethane(PU)聚氨酯为大分子链中含有氨酯基重复结构单元的一类聚合物。优点缺点

29、PU弹性体是一种PU的密实制品，其性能介于橡胶与塑料之间，具有高回弹性、吸震性、耐磨性、化学腐蚀性，耐撕裂，耐低温性好、耐候性好等优点。1.耐高温性能较差。2.PU产品不阻燃，属于易燃产品。3.PU光稳定性不佳，产品易变色。聚氨酯制品形态有软质、半硬质及硬质泡沫塑料、弹性体、油漆涂料、胶粘剂、密封胶、合成革涂层树脂、弹性纤维等，广泛应用于汽车制造、冰箱制造、交通运输、土木建筑、鞋类、合成革、织物、机电、石油化工、矿山机械、航空、医疗、农业等许多领域。 Polyurethane (PU)PU is a kind of polymer that molecular consisted by ure

30、thane.MeritDefectPU elastomer is a kind of close-grained PU product ，its property between rubber and plastic,very high elastic、vibrate absorption、abrasion resistent、chemical resistent，tear resistent，low temperature resistent、aging resistent and some other merits。1.Bad high temperature resistent.2.PU

31、 products are not inflaming retarding，PU are very flamable material.3.Bad UV stability，products easy to get yellow .PU products configuration have soft、half-soft and hard foam、elastomer、paint、adhesive、seal glue、synthetical leather、 resin、elastical fibre，widely used in Auto industry、fridge、traffic transportation、construction 、shoes、synthetical leather、fabric、chemical industry、mine machine、medicial treatment、agriculture and so on.力学强度弹性耐腐蚀电性能耐高温耐低温气密性耐磨性NRSBRIIRCREPDMNBRPBRLow temperature performanceAirtig