人教版新高考英语一轮复习数词和主谓一致

1、语法专项提升语法专题五数词和主谓一致 英 语2022高中总复习优化设计GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内容索引核心考点分层突破 专项训练巩固提升核心考点分层突破高考链接1.(2020全国, 语篇填空)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,“because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.

2、”2.(2020全国, 语篇填空) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. means 根据上下句的时态确定此处应用一般现在时, 因为主语是it, 故谓语动词用mean的第三人称单数形式。carries 该句含有why引导的表语从句, 从句的主语是decorating, 所以此处谓语应用第三人称单数形式。3.(2020天津, 单项填空)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (r

3、emain) around that level ever since. 4.(2020浙江, 语篇填空)And, as more children were born, more food (need). has remained 句意: 医学院的数量在20世纪90年代初期达到了18所, 从那时起数量一直保持在那个水平上。根据时间状语ever since可知, 应该用现在完成时; 句子的主语是The number, 所以谓语动词用单数形式。was needed food为不可数名词, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 又因food与need之间为动宾关系, 故用被动语态。5.(2018全国, 语

4、篇填空)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. is 句子的主语是it, 所以句子谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 又因该句时态为一般现在时, 所以填is。考点归纳数词数词分为两种: 基数词(表示数目)和序数词(表示顺序)。考点一 年龄的表达法表示某人的确切年龄, 用 “基数词+year(s) old” 或者 “at the age of+基数词”,

5、 也可直接用基数词; 表示某人几十多岁时, 用 “in ones+基数词的复数(如twenties, thirties等)” 来表达。She is still in her twenties. 她才二十几岁。考点二 年代的表达法表示 “几十年代” 时, 在年份后加-s或-s。My grandpa was born in the 1930s. 我爷爷出生于20世纪30年代。考点三 分数的表达法分子用基数词, 分母用序数词, 若分子大于1, 则分母用复数。如: one-fourth (a quarter)1/4; two-fifths 2/5。Two-thirds of the money was

6、 spent on food. 三分之二的钱都花在了食品上。考点四 dozen与score的用法1.dozen(一打, 十二), score(二十)与具体数词或与many, several 等连用时, 后不加-s, 所修饰的名词前介词of有无均可。但是习惯上score多与of连用, 而dozen很少与of连用。如: two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋, many dozen pencils好多打铅笔; two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋; three score of people 60个人。dozen, score的复数形式后接of时, 表示 “许多”。如: dozens o

7、f eggs几十个鸡蛋, scores of pencils几十支铅笔。2.当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these, those, my, your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them, us, you时, 这时需要加of。如: two dozen of these pens, three score of them。主谓一致谓语动词的数应和主语的人称和数保持一致, 这叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓是否一致时, 要遵循下列三个原则: 语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致” 就是从语法形式上取得一致, 即主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也采用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”

8、 就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致的问题。主语形式为单数, 但意义为复数, 谓语动词依意义而定, 也采用复数形式。“就近一致” 是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。考点一 谓语动词用单数形式的情况1.主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、书名等整体概念的名词时。Ten miles is not a long way for me. 十英里对我来说不是很长的距离。2.由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语, 前面由every/each/no修饰时。Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。3.and连接的两个词是指同一

9、个人、同一事物或同一概念, 且两个名词共用一个冠词时。A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now. 一位英语老师兼班主任现在正告诉我们关于义工们的一些情况。4.“the number of+复数名词” 做主语时。The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800. 出席会议的教授人数是1,800。5.动词-ing形式、不定式或从句做主语时。What the teacher does and say

10、s is of great importance to the students. 老师做的事和说的话对学生很重要。6.“more than one+单数名词” 和 “many a+单数名词” 做主语时。More than one student has gone to Beijing. 不止一个学生去了北京。Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me that I have won first prize of a weekend for two in Paris. Delete it! Its a trick. Many a pe

11、rson has been cheated by such tricks. 嘿! 我手机上有一条短信, 告诉我我已获得巴黎周末双人游的一等奖。删掉吧! 那是个骗局。许多人被这样的短信骗过。7.“the+形容词” 做主语, 表示一类抽象的事物时, 谓语动词用单数形式。The new is sure to replace the old. 新生事物一定会取代旧事物。考点二 谓语动词用复数形式的情况1.有些集合名词如: clothes, cattle, folk, people, police 等做主语, 后面的谓语动词用复数形式。The police are searching for the m

12、urderer. 警方正在搜寻凶手。2.“the+形容词/过去分词” 做主语, 表示某一类人时, 谓语动词用复数形式。The old are living a happy life now. 老人们现在生活幸福。3.由and或both.and.连接两个单数名词做主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. 这家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。考点三 谓语动词单复数形式视情况而定1.集合名词如: group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, cro

13、wd, audience, club, party, crew等做主语时, 如果看成一个整体, 谓语动词用单数形式, 如果侧重其成员, 谓语动词用复数形式。My family has four people. My family all like watching football games. 我家有四口人。我的家人都喜欢观看足球比赛。2.主语是单复数同形的名词如: deer, sheep, fish, series, means, works, aircraft等时, 视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数形式。Every means has been tried, but none pro

14、ved successful. 每个办法都尝试过了, 但没有一个是成功的。Many means have not come into effect. 许多方法都没生效。3.代词none, neither, all以及what引导的从句等做主语, 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于所指代的内容。All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 我们所需要的就是一小块土地, 在这儿我们可以在一年的生长

15、季节种植各种各样的果树。What they have are 200 computers. 他们拥有的就是二百台电脑。4.population表示 “人口”, 即一个国家或地区的居民数目, 它做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时, population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民, 它做主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数形式。The population of Canada is about 36 million. 加拿大的人口数大约是3 600万。Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers. 那个国家8

16、0%的人口是农民。考点四 “名词(或代词)+介词短语” 做主语时的主谓一致1.有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语, 该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly. 森林火灾的危险不能轻视。2.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, in addition to, as well as, as much as, more than, rather than, no less than, except, but, besi

17、des, including 等连接的单词(词组)时, 其谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们前面的主语保持一致。Newspapers, as well as the Internet, play an important role in daily communication. 报纸, 还有互联网, 在日常交流中起到了重要的作用。考点五 “名词(或代词)+of+名词” 做主语时的主谓一致1.由some, plenty, a lot, lots, most, the rest, all, half, part或分数、百分数+of+名词等短语做主语时, 谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果of后面

18、所接名词为复数形式, 谓语动词用复数形式; 如果of后面所接名词为单数或不可数名词, 谓语动词就用单数形式。About one third of the books are well worth reading. 大约三分之一的书非常值得阅读。Over 30% of the work has been finished. 30%以上的工作已经完成了。2.由a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind(type, sort, part, piece, section, pair)等构成的短语做主语时, 谓语动词与of前的名词保持数

19、的一致。This kind of animals is dangerous. Animals of this kind are dangerous. 这种动物很危险。3.“a large amount of+不可数名词” 做主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。“large amounts of+不可数名词” 做主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。“a good/great deal of+不可数名词” 做主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market. 大量资金投放到当地的市场上。考点六 就近原则1.由or,

20、 either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时, 谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies. 不但他的家人而且连他也喜欢卓别林的电影。Are either you or your brother going to the party? 要么你要么是你的弟弟将要去参加这个聚会吗? 2.there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。There are some envelopes and paper

21、 for you. 有一些信封和纸张给你。考点七 定语从句中的主谓一致1.在定语从句里, 关系代词that, who, which等做主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. 看过这部电影的请举手。2.“one of+the+复数名词+定语从句” 结构中, 从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。Tom is one of the boys who have been abroad. 汤姆是出过国的男孩之一。3.“the only one of+the+复数名词+定语从句” 结构中, 从

22、句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。专项训练巩固提升单句语法填空1.(2020广西南宁高三二模)He doesnt think himself special and often stresses that he is just an ordinary kid who (love)reading about science and doing experiments. 2.(2020北京东城区高三二模)Most of our time at the d

23、esk (spend) wrestling with our imagination, and we know that a successful poem arrives on the back of failure. loves 该定语从句的先行词为an ordinary kid, 故从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。is spent most of our time为第三人称单数形式, 并且该句需用被动语态, 故填is spent。3.(2020北京海淀区三模)Theres nothing better than flying to a foreign destination to vis

24、it the attractions it (have) to offer. 4.(2019辽宁八校联考)Two-fifths of the land in that district (be) covered with trees now, about 80% of which were planted in the 1990s. has it (have) to offer是定语从句, 从句中主语为it, 故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式has。is “分数+名词” 做主语时, 谓语动词要和分数后面的名词一致, land是不可数名词, 所以填is。5.A respected person (s

25、peak) politely. speaks 主语A respected person为第三人称单数, 故用speaks。 6.She spends the entire day in her tiny studio, which (measure) less than 10 square metres altogether, filled with cloth shoes in various stages of completion.measures which引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为studio, 且measure在此处用作系动词, 应用主动形式表被动意义, 故用measures

26、。7.The number of heart attacks and strokes (rise) because of changes in our body clock.8.I think this is a phenomenon, which (call) for our great concern. rises the number of. 做主语时, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 calls 分析句子结构可知, 该句为定语从句, which指代a phenomenon, 故谓语动词应用第三人称单数;由I think this is可知, 应用一般现在时, 故填calls。9.A g

27、roup of dogs (know) as “Therapy Dogs”. 10.Dr Barone (operate) on people with all types of birth defects. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them for free. are known 由句子结构可知, 本句缺少谓语动词,“a group of+名词复数” 做主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式, dogs与know之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 此处描述的是一般情

28、况, 因此用一般现在时的被动语态。operates 根据语境可知, 此处表示经常做的事情, 故用一般现在时, 且由句子主语Dr Barone可知, 应填operates, 与下文的goes和helps呼应。11.Swimming in heated pools (be) very common in this part of the country in winter. 12.Without the new taxes, houses built before World War (have) lower costs than more modern houses do. is 此处为动词-i

29、ng做主语, 谓语动词用单数形式, 且该句为一般现在时, 故用is。have 分析该句结构可知, 该句的主语是houses, 且该句为一般现在时, 故此处用have。13.That Shakespeare was one of the most talented writers (be) an understatement to those who are really familiar with the field of literature. 14.Neither the teacher nor the students (know) the solution to the maths problem. is That Shakespeare was one of the most talented writers为that引导的名词性从句做主语, 谓语动词用单数形式, 根据后文可知, 此处用一般现在时, 故用is。know neither. nor连接两个并列的主语, 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语the students, 且该句为一般现在时, 故用know。15.He is one of those people who (work) too hard. 16.F