名词性从句秒杀技巧课件

1、Related Conception (相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。The boy is li Ming.主语表语Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句 ( The Pred

2、icative Clause)同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause) 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中- 主语宾语表语同位语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句为什么叫名词性从句？_整个从句相当于一个名词

3、比较:The man looked around.That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room2. 为什么要有名词性从句？那人看了看四周. (名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 、关系副词除外)名词能做的成分,从

4、句都能做 从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that th

5、ey won the game.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从) 主语从句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how从 句引导词:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密

6、.5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It 主语太长了!放到句尾Details Details Details Details That无词义、不做成分,不可省略What “什么”, “所.的”做成分，有意义2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么时候”不做成分，有意义主语从句不用 if位于句首主语从句主语从句在复合句中做句子的主语。2） 主语从句的连接词1. 连词that (无词义, 不作成

7、分, 不能省略, 只起连接作用); whether(是否), 不作成分, 不用if.That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意: 已确定的事由that引导; 没决定的事由whether引导.他星期三来这里是肯定的。 That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。Whether he will come here on Wed

8、nesday is not certain.注意：that 引导的主语从句放在句首很少，只是为了强调或谓语较长时才这样3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why, how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等. 在从句中不做成分，有意义2. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever, whose等. 在从句做主语/宾语/表语What you said is perfectly true. (宾语)Whoever com

9、es will be welcome. 谁来都欢迎What caused the accident is a complete mystery. (主)Whatever she said was right. (宾语)Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 Whoever comes to the party will receive a present. （主语）When hell be back depends much on the weather. （时间状语，表时间）Where the English eveni

10、ng will be held has not yet been announced. (地点状语，表地点) Why he failed the exam wasnt clear. (原因状语，表原因)How the book will sell depends on its author. (方式状语，表方式) 3）注意事项：为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，主语从句常用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。 主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： It is known to us that he will come here. what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句

11、子成分，如主语, 宾语, 表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat3. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别表语从句表语从句在复合句中做句子的表语。II. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。1. That is why he didnt pass the exam.2. T

12、he question is where he has gone.3. The problem is that he has gone.4. It looks/seems as if/though it were going to rain.表语从句从 句 同主语从句 (11个), 外加as if /引导词: as though, 1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.2. The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.3. It look

13、s as if it were going to rain. 实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似的. (其实不会)as if /as though从句常表示不真实的情况4. This school is no longer what it was before.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that More 系动词后面注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法This is where Lu Xun once lived.That was how

14、 they won the match.This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方. 他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的. 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.固定句型: This is where This is why This is how.这就是的地方这就是的原因这就是的方法难点1. 连词because可引导表语从句。如： eg: I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2. 引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当

15、任何成分，无任何意义。 eg: The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person. 他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人3. whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。 eg: Whether John will do this experiment remains a question. 4. the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，易犯“the reason is because” 的错误 eg: The reason why he was late was tha

16、t his car broke down on the way. 5. 在表示命令order, advice, suggestion, desire, proposal, demand, request, requirement等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要 用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略 eg: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem. 最具代表性的表语从句1. That is why practice is the most important

17、in learning English.2. The village is no longer what it used to be ten years ago.3. That was because he was caught in a traffic jam.4. The reason why he was late was that his car broke down on the way. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾 语 从 句连词从句主语 从句谓语 主 句复合句III. 宾语从句在句中充当及物动词或介词或某

18、些形容词的宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词或形容词之后。（关系词左边通常为动词、介词、形容词）1. I think that it will be of no use.2. I wonder if you can do me a favour.3. It depends on whether the boss will agree to you or not.4. Im sure that you will win the game.1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 动词后直接+宾语从句 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard

19、that he joined the army. 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (2) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.3. 作形容词的宾语 I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.2.

20、 作介词的宾语 I dont care for who marries him. We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.宾语从句三要素：连 接 词时 态语 序3.1引导词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which what 连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中往往省略e.g. I hear (

21、that) _. （一小时后他会回来）He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. Ask him _. （他是否能来）3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） if (whether) he will go t

22、o the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or notwhether, if在从句中不能充当成分，当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.3.2 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分3.3 时态I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态， 根据实际情况而

23、定。2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时）， 从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it.The teacher told me she was born in 1960.I heard that he went to Paris last night.

24、3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时， 仍用一般现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun.4. 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)I hear the

25、y _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) will be goes have returned had been rises2)在宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句(1)在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether Let me know whether he will come or

26、 not (2)在介词的后面 Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.(3)在带to的不定式前 We decided whether to walk there. (4)宾语从句提前时，不能换用if。 Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。4）宾语从句中用it作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in

27、two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在宾补后面。5) 宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, request, desire, decide, determine, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 等词后的宾语从句，从句需用 should +动词原形，should 可以省略。一个坚持：insist 一个想要desire 一个宁愿 prefer两个命令：order, comm

28、and 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose四个要求：demand, require, request, ask宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 宾语从句whether与if的

29、辨用表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. eg: I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.注意 whether和if的使用区别 宾语

30、从句经常作表语形容词的宾语Im afraid (that ) Ill be late. We were surprised that he lost the game.此类表语形容词有: afraid pleased happysatisfied anxious suresurprised certain gladaware用它们造句We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语 it )2. We have made that a foreign language is u

31、seful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语 it )我认为学好英语是必要的.I consider that we should learn English well necessary.We consider her suitable for the job. 宾语宾补consider find think feel make 等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign lan

32、guage.We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life.More I consider it necessary that we should learn English wellit不能漏从句后移IV 同位语从句在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。功能：同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明其前面的名词的具体内容 。1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all t

33、he people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two t

34、hirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion

35、 is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible

36、._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.4.1 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句一般紧跟在所说明的名词有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his g

37、rand army.4. 2同位语从句的引导词1. 同位语从句多用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。2. 同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，用whether引导同位语从句(不用if)。 eg: Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。3. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“ 什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用what， when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 Its the question how he did

38、 it. 问题是他是如何做这件事的。注: 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.4.3 同位语从句常修饰的名词 同位语从句一般跟在抽象名词fact, belief, idea, news, hope, doubt, thought, possibility, opinion, problem, information, suggestion, word, result, promise, evidence, order, plan, decision, answer, reply等后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词. eg: The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. His delay i