外研版高中英语选修六 1-6单元知识点归纳

1、 HYPERLINK :/ 1ydt /ticlelist/w_show/9A115815.htm 按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放外研版高中英语选修六 1-6单元知识点归纳 Module 1【词条1】lack【点拨】lack动词, 意为缺乏,没有。如:He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm. 【拓展】1. lack的常用短语有:be lacking欠缺,缺乏；be lacking in缺乏(某

2、种品质、特点等)；lack (for) nothing应有尽有。如:Money for the project is still lacking.I think the film is lacking in pace.They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing.2. lack还可作名词,常与of连用,意为缺乏,没有。for lack of 因为缺乏。如:The work had to be stopped for lack of funds.The flowers withered for lack of water.【词条

3、2】reply【点拨】名词,意为回答,答复,常与介词to 连用。如:Is it a reply to the first or the second letter?To my anger, she made no reply to my question.其常用在短语in reply to中,意为作为对的回答,回复。如:What did he do in reply to your challenge?【拓展】reply也可作动词,意为回答,答复,reply (to . / that .) 。如:The teacher gave me no chance to reply to her que

4、stion. Lily replied that she knew nothing about it.【词条3】apology【点拨】apology名词,意为道歉,歉意,常用于短语:offer / make an apology to sb.向某人道歉, accept an apology接受道歉。如:Its impolite of you to leave without a word of apology.In my judgment, we should accept their apology.Youd better make an apology for your absence.【

5、拓展】其动词形式为apologize,意为道歉,表示歉意,常用短语为: apologize to sb.(for sth.)(因某事)向某人道歉。如:I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day.I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did. 经典短语透视【短语1】think of【点拨】think of可意为想起,想出。如:The photo made me think of my child-hood.It was Tom who thought of

6、the good plan.【拓展】think的其他常用短语:1. think highly / much of 重视,高度赞扬。如:All the teachers think highly of John because he is very smart and kind.2. think about 考虑。如:I was thinking about something else and missed your words. 3. think over 仔细考虑。如: Please think the plan over and let me know your decision tom

7、orrow.【短语2】in addition【点拨】in addition意为另外,此外。如:I write my own songs and I play the guitar in addition.You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence.【拓展】in addition to 除之外(还有),to为介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式。如:His brother can speak three foreign languages in addition to English.besides也意为除之外(还有)。如:The

8、 play was badly acted, besides being far too long.【短语3】leave out【点拨】leave out意为省去,删去。如:In Western countries, people usually leave out No. 13 as the number is thought unlucky. You can leave out the unnecessary words when writing down the notes.【拓展】1. leave out还可意为漏掉,遗漏。如:Decide with you partner which

9、 words have been left out.2. 与leave相关的常用短语:leave behind遗留,留下It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties.leave over剩余,暂不解决We shall have to leave the question over till the next meeting.leave alone别管,不理会If I were you, Id leave this question alone.【短语4】show off【点拨】show off意为炫耀。如:Those boys

10、 always show off their sports skills to the girls.His brother likes to show off his knowledge in public.【拓展】与show相关的常用短语:show sb. around领某人参观The headmaster showed us around the school.show up出席,到场The party is about to begin, but Mr. Wang hasnt shown up. 热点语法聚焦 didnt need to do和neednt have done都有过去不必

11、做某事的意思,但是didnt need to表示过去没有必要做某事,事实上也没做；neednt have done表示过去本来不必做某事,实际上却做了。如:I didnt need to take a taxi from the air-port there was a bus all the way into the city. I neednt have booked in advance; there were plenty of tickets left. 此外,要注意need的其它用法: need可作实义动词,也可作情态动词。 1. 作实义动词时, need有人称和数的变化,后可以接

12、名词、代词、动词不定式和动名词等,否定式要在前面加dont (doesnt, didnt),疑问句用do (does, did) 提问。如:The company needs some good salesmen.His broken car needs to be repaired. = His broken car needs repairing. 2. 作情态动词时,need没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,否定式为neednt,常用在否定句和疑问句中。如:You neednt worry about him. He is very mature now.Need I stay anot

13、her day?Yes, you must. Module 2【词条1】behave【点拨】behave 用作不及物动词,意为(举止或行为)表现。如:She has been behaving very politely. 另外,behave还可意为举止得体；守规矩,常和反身代词连用。如:Cant you make your little child behave himself?【拓展】well- / ill- / badly-behaved adj.表现得好的/不好的；behavior n.行为,举止如:He is thought to be a well-behaved child. S

14、he was ashamed of her childrens bad behavior.【词条2】appeal【点拨】appeal可用作名词,意为吸引力,感染力。如:Films of this sort have lost their appeal for me.【拓展】1. appeal用作名词时,还可意为呼吁,请求。如:His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered. An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake.2. appeal还

15、可用作动词, 意为引起兴趣；呼吁,请求,常跟介词to连用。如:Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?The police are appealing to the public for any information about this. 【词条3】awake【点拨】awake 可用作形容词,意为醒着的。如:I have lain awake all night thinking over the problem.注意:awake是表语形容词,不能用于名词前作定语。类似的形容词还有asleep, alive, aware等。【拓展】awa

16、ke (awoke, awoken) 可作不及物动词,意为醒来,这时与wake up意义相近；awake也可作及物动词,意为唤醒,叫醒；唤起(记忆)；激起(情感)。如:I awake to the ringing of an electric bell every day.The thunder awoke me last night.His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty.Nothing can awake her interest in foot-ball. 经典短语透视【短语1】ahead of【点拨】ahead of意为在之前。

17、如:The time here is nine hours ahead of London. Ahead of us was a narrow and muddy road.【拓展】ahead of还可意为胜过,优于；(数量、价格等)超过。如:In management, our company is well ahead of theirs.Their pay offer was well ahead of inflation.【短语2】holdout【点拨】hold out可意为伸出,拿出。如:When I arrived, Mary held out her hand in welcom

18、e.【拓展】hold out还可意为维持；坚持(抵抗)。如:We were short of water but it could hold out for another day. They held out against the enemy for two days and nights.The town was surrounded, but the citizens held out until help at last came.【短语3】putdown【点拨】put down可意为放下。如:Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!

19、【拓展】1. put down还可意为写下,记下；镇压；消灭。如:Put down your notes at the bottom of the paper.The uprising was put down three days later. cant put sth. down 爱不释手；不忍释卷。如:It is an interesting story and he cant put it down until he has finished reading it.2. 与put相关的常用短语:put out出版；生产；使熄灭,扑灭；put up树立；put off推迟；put asi

20、de 把搁在一边；put forward提出；put up with容忍。如:Be sure to put out the light before you go to bed. The building will be put up in the centre of the campus.Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done today.He put aside his work to spend more time with his family.He put forward a very good suggestion at the me

21、eting. I could hardly put up with the child any longer. 热点语法聚焦 动词的-ing形式作状语 可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随或对谓语加以补充说明等。如:While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间)It rained for two weeks, completely ruining the crops. (结果) Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the post office rig

22、ht before you. (条件)Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help. (让步)We Chinese eat our food using chopsticks. (方式)Not knowing how to deal with the problem, the boy turned to his teacher. (原因)Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party. (伴随)【难点点拨】1. 现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,它所表示的动作应该是句中主语所发

23、出的动作,即现在分词和句子主语之间构成主动关系。如:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a full view of the country. (we与see之间是主动关系)2. 现在分词作状语时,其前可加while, when, after, before, though, unless等连词,on, upon等介词或thus, completely等副词。如:While doing the experiment, we discovered the new chemical.Take the medicine three times a

24、day after having each meal. On hearing the news, she rushed out the room.My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.3. 有时用(with / without)+ 宾语+ 现在分词结构作状语。如:I couldnt focus my attention with that noise going on.4. 当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,现在分词必须有自己的主语。如:Weather permitting, the sports meet

25、 will be held next Friday.Module 3【词条1】raise 【点拨】vt. 可意为招募,筹措(金钱)。如:It voted to raise 100,000 troops immediately.He asked me to write a leaflet to raise money for Hope Schools.【拓展】raise还可意为举起；增加,提高；提出；抚养,饲养；引起。如:The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.The boss has promised to raise their p

26、ay.He was so angry as to raise his voice. The question was raised at the meeting. I was raised by my aunt on a farm.The discussion raised our interest.【辨析】raise rise两者都可以表示上升；增长之意,不同的是raise是及物动词,rise是不及物动词。如:On Monday morning, we were watching the children raising the national flag and we saw it ris

27、ing slowly in the wind. 【词条2】regret 【点拨】regret可用作动词,意为懊悔,惋惜；遗憾,后接名词、代词、that从句、不定式、动名词等。如:I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret that I cant attend the party.We regret to inform you that you failed again. We have deeply regretted selling the farm.注意:其后接动词-ing形式和动词不定式时意思有区别。试体会:I regret to te

28、ll you that I have no news for you. (遗憾要做某事)I regret telling Tom the truth. (后悔做了某事)【拓展】regret也可作名词,意为遗憾,后悔；歉意。如:We decided with great regret that we couldnt offer you the position.feel no regret at对不感到遗憾much to ones regret使某人非常遗憾的是express ones regret at对表示遗憾【词条3】forgive【点拨】vt.vi.意为原谅,宽恕,常用于结构forgiv

29、e sb. for sth. / doing sth.,也可以接双宾语。如:I will never forgive you for what youve ever done to me.Eventually, she forgave him the bad behavior. 【拓展】forgivene ss n.原谅,宽恕,饶恕forgiving adj. 宽大的,仁慈的 经典短语透视【短语1】keep in touch (with) 【点拨】keep in touch (with sb.)意为(与某人)保持联系,也可写作stay / be in touch (with sb.)。如:Th

30、is is my card. Lets keep in touch. Ive kept in touch with most of my classmates in the middle school.【拓展】与touch相关的常见搭配还有:get in touch with与取得联系；lose touch with / be out of touch with与失去/ 没有联系。如:We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan.Write to me as often as you can. I dont want to lose

31、touch with you. 【短语2】knock over【点拨】knock over意为撞倒,击倒。如:A drunken driver knocked over nine people, causing five deaths.【拓展】与knock相关的短语还有:knock down打倒,推倒；knock off停止,中断；knock out击败,击倒。如:He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist.We knocked off work for tea.Our team was knocked out in the first part

32、 of the competition.【短语3】make up【点拨】make up可意为和好。如:I found it hard to make up with Joan after we quarreled about the beautiful stamp.【拓展】make up还有以下常用意思:You shouldnt believe him. He is making the whole thing up. (编造)Whoever attends the ball is supposed to make up. (化妆)You must make up the work you m

33、issed. (补上) 热点语法聚焦 1. 非谓语动词的完成式having done的用法 非谓语动词的完成式having done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。其否定式为not having done。如: Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式

34、(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如: He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. The question being discussed is very important. 2. 非谓语动词的-ing形式和to do形式的区别 有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing形式,含义有所不同。如: (1) forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接-ing形式作宾语表示动名词动作先于谓语动作。如: Do you r

35、emember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？ Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。 (2) 动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同。如: I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。 (3) 动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟

36、 -ing形式作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如: Please permit me to say a few words.请允许我说几句话。 We dont permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。 (4) 动词need, require, want作需要解时,后面接-ing分词或不定式被动式。如: These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully. 这些小孩需要细心地照料。 (5) 动词like, hate, prefer

37、等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing形式；如指特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式。如: I like swimming, but I dont like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。 Module 4【词条1】combine 【点拨】combine vi. / vt. 联合,结合,合并。常用作结构combine . with .把与结合。如:The two countries combined against their common enemy.He combined his scientific knowledge with his friend

38、s business skill and started a company. His efforts, combined with his determination, helped him achieve great success.【拓展】combination n. 联合,合作, 结合combined adj. 组合的,结合的【词条2】relax 【点拨】relax vi. / vt. 放松,使轻松。如:The doctor told him to relax a week or so before going back to work.This equipment will help

39、 relax your muscles.【拓展】relax还可意为放宽；使松弛。如:They relaxed the regulations after the reform.relaxed adj. 放松的,镇定的relaxing adj. 令人放松的She had a very relaxed manner.Its really a relaxing walk.【词条3】present【点拨】present可用作动词,意为赠送；颁发(奖品等)；提出。如:When Mr. Smith left our company; our manager presented him with a gol

40、den watch.The winner was presented with the prize by the chairman.【拓展】1. present作名词,可意为礼物,赠品；现在,目前。如:I dont want all these books; Ill make you a present of them.She is busy at present, and she cant speak to you.Lets leave things as they are for the present. 2. present作形容词,意为出席的,在场的；目前的,现在的。如:Its unf

41、air to discuss his case if he isnt present.The present situation seems to be in their favor. 经典短语透视【短语1】in addition to【点拨】in addition to意为除之外(还有),其中to为介词,所以后面要跟名词、代词和动名词等。如:In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also pro-vides practical experience.【拓展】1. besides作介词时,和其

42、意思和用法相同。如:We have lots of things in common besides dance.2. in addition相当于副词,可译为另外,加之。如:You need money and time; in addition, you need intelligence.【短语2】draw upon / on 【点拨】draw upon / on意为凭借,利用。如:Reread your previou s essays for ideas and information, which you may want to draw upon.A writer has to

43、draw upon his imagination and experience.【拓展】draw on / upon还可意为临近,(时光)渐渐过去。如:Winter is drawing on.It grew colder as night drew on.【短语3】be true of【点拨】be true of 意为(某种情况)适用于,适宜于。如:This principle is true of everybody.The food is good and the same is true of the service.【拓展】根据下列例句体会与true相关短语的意义:The pict

44、ure is true to life. (逼真)He is always true to his promise. (信守)My father said I should be a lawyer and it has come true. (实现) 热点语法聚焦 一、现在完成进行时由has / have been + 动词-ing构成,其主要用法有: 1. 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到说话时,并且还有可能继续下去。这一用法常和表示一段时间的状语,如:For three years, all this time, all ones life, all the morning, these fe

45、w weeks. 以及由for或since引导的时间状语连用。如: Hes been watching television all day. I have been teaching in the middle school for ten years. 2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到说话时刻的动作,在说话时刻这个动作刚刚结束。如: I have just been saying goodbye to my friend. 3. 表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内反复发生的动作。如 Have you been meeting him lately? 二、与现在完成时的比较: 1. 从定

46、义上来看,现在完成时(have done)表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与already已经或ever曾经连用。如: We have already learnt Unit 2. (我们已经学习了第二单元。) She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. (她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。) 而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,并且有可能还要进行下去的动作,具有未完成的特点,一般不与already或ever等连用。如: We have been learning Unit 2. 我们一直在学习第二单元。(没学完) 2.

47、 现在完成时表示次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,请看以下句子: I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他。) I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见她。) 3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含上有区别。现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程。如: We are very tired. Weve been cleaning the house. 我们很累,我们一直在打扫房子。(强调动作) Weve cleaned the house

48、. You may come in now. 我们打扫过房子了,你可以进来了。(强调结果房子干净) 4. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如: I ha ve waited for two hours.我等了两个小时。(陈述事实) I have been waiting for two hours.我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦) 5. 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况；若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时。如: He has lived in Paris.他(一直)住在巴黎。 He has been living in P

49、aris.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性) 6. 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时。如: Ive only known her for two days.我认识她刚刚两天。 Theyve been married for twenty years.他们结婚已二十年了。 The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争已经持续了很长时间。 7. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如: The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。 The

50、problem has been studied for five days.这个问题已研究了五天。 Module 5【词条1】refuse【点拨】refuse为动词,意为拒绝。常用于结构:refuse to do sth. refuse + n. / pron. refuse sb. sth.。如:What annoyed us was that Mary refused to talk about this matter.He refused his friends invitation to go on an adventure. She is so enthusiastic that

51、you cant refuse her anything.【拓展】1. 辨析refuserejectdecline 这几个词都可作拒绝解。其区别在于:refuse 是表示拒绝这一概念的最普通的用词,可接不定式,表示拒绝做某事,也可接名词,表示不接受；reject 语气比refuse 强,表示断然拒绝。如果不同意一种意见或信仰,通常用reject；decline 比较正式,表示礼貌、客气地婉拒,当表示对于对方的邀请、请求、提议等表示不接受时,可以用decline 来缓和语气。如:I refused to take part in anything that is illegal.The army

52、 doctors rejected several recruits as unfit.I invited her to join us, but she declined.2. refusal为refuse 的名词形式,意为拒绝,拒不。如:Your refusal of such a good offer was very foolish.【词条2】arise【点拨】arise为不及物动词,意为产生；出现。常用搭配:arise out of / from sth.由引起。如:We didnt know how the quarrel arose.Disagreements have aris

53、en from the new program.【拓展】1. arise还可意为站起来,起立。如:He arose, telling me that he would wait for me outside the office.2. 注意几个与arise意义相近的词:(1) rise是不及物动词,意为上升；升起；增加；提高。也可意为起床和站起身,这时可与arise换用。如:Our hopes rose and fell in the same instant.The chairman rose from his chair and came forward to present the aw

54、ard.We arose from the chairs when the guest entered the room.(2) raise是及物动词,意为举起； 使起来；提高；提出。如:He raised his hand to ask the speaker questions.My salary was raised to 8,000 yuana month.(3) arouse也是及物动词,意为唤醒；激起；引起。如:I was suddenly aroused by the thunder.Great enthusiasm was aroused by the speech.【词条3】

55、accompany【点拨】accompany 动词,可意为陪伴。如:Will you accompany me in drinking a glass of wine?【拓展】accompany还可意为伴随发生；伴奏。如:Lightning usually accompanies with thunder.The pianist accompanied her singing. 经典短语透视【短语1】treat . as .【点拨】treat . as . 意为把当成。如:People here all treat me as an expert on farming.【拓展】下面的词组都可以

56、表示把当成。如:All the patients regard him as a considerate nurse.She thinks of the monitor as the cleverest student in the class.They look on others difficulties as their own.This sculpture is considered as a symbol of this city.【短语2】rely on【点拨】rely on意为依靠,指望,常用于以下结构:They usually rely on themselves.(rely

57、on sth.)They have to rely on the river for their water.( rely on sth. for)You can rely on Peter to do what he promises.(rely on sb. to do sth.)【拓展】count on和depend on / upon 都可意为依靠,依赖。如:I can count on Bill to get the job done.Our success mostly depends on your help.【短语3】break down【点拨】break down可意为分解,

58、分化。如:After many years, rocks break down into dirt.【拓展】根据下列例句体会break down的其他意思:We are late because the car broke down halfway. (坏了)The peace talks have broken down because neither side would compromise. (失败)She broke down with a sob and covered her face with the hands. (感情失控)The expenditure on the pr

59、oject breaks down as follows: wages 5,000 dollars, materials 8,000 dollars. (分割) 热点语法聚焦 虚拟语气是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，用于表示说话人的假设、愿望、怀疑或推测等。本期重点讲述虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中的用法。if引导的非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实可能相反三种情况。以下表格是虚拟语气用于if条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：与现在事实相反：动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)wo

60、uld d could d might +动词原形If he had time, he would come to visit you. (实际上很可能没时间)与过去事实相反： had + 动词-ed形式would d could d might have +动词-ed形式If he had taken my advice, he would have finished it on time.(实际上没有采纳建议,结果没按时完成)与将来事实可能相反1. 一般过去时(be 动词一般用were)2. should + 动词原形3. were to + 动词原形would d could d mig