医学英语翻译与写作：Lecture 7 Translation of Passive Voice Sentences

1、Lecture 7Translation of Passive Voice SentencesTranslation of Passive Voice SentencesBe translated into Chinese Active SentencesBe translated into Chinese Passive SentencesTranslation of Idiomatic passive SentencesTranslation of Some Other StructuresBe translated into Chinese Active Sentences译成汉语的主动

2、句1.如果被动句的主语为无生命的事物，施动者不明了， 这时就适合直接翻译为汉语的主动句。e.g. Vitamin K is not absorbed from the upper intestine. 维生素K不是从小肠上端吸收的。 ( 小肠上段不吸收维生素K。) Specific immunity may be inherited to a certain degree. Insomnia is charaterized by various sleep disorders at night.2. 原文提出了施动者（在by之后），可将施动者作主 语，译成主动句。e.g. Heat is co

3、nstantly produced by the body as a result of muscular and cellular activity. 由于肌肉和细胞的活动，机体不断地产生热量。 Not only bacteria but practically any foreign material is attacked by the phagocytes. 吞噬细胞不仅攻击细菌，实际上攻击任何异物。Be translated into Chinese Active SentencesBe translated into Chinese Active Sentences3. 采用无主句

4、，将被动句的主语作宾语，放在谓语 动词后面。e.g Once the clinical diagnosis has been made and the site of infection is determined, a tentative working etiological diagnosis can often be made before there has been time to report on bacterial cultures. 一旦做出了临床诊断，确定了感染部位，那么在获 得细菌培养报告之前，往往就可以作出初步的病因 诊断了。Be translated into Ch

5、inese Active Sentences In case penicillin anaphylaxis occurs，1ml of 1：1,000 epinephrine along with adequate antihistamine should be administered intravenously at once, airway should be kept open and oxygen given. 一旦出现青霉素过敏，就应立即静注1：1,000的肾上 腺素一毫升及适当的抗组胺药物，保持气道通畅并输 送氧气。Be translated into Chinese Activ

6、e Sentences The response of the premature to certain drugs should be thoroughly understood. 应当充分了解早产儿对某些药物的反应。 The NPQ consists of nine five-part questions that assess the patients symptoms, from which a score is obtained. NPQ量表包含了9个问题，每个问题都分别设有5个 选项，以对患者的各种症状进行评估，最后得出总分。4. 原文不提施动者，但译文需要提及。e.g. Gent

7、amicin was found to be 100 times more active in vitro at pH 8.5 than at pH 5 vs. most strains of gram-negative bacilli. 有人发现，体外试验中，庆大霉素在 pH值为 8.5时对大多数革兰氏阴性杆菌的作用比pH值 为5时大一百倍。Be translated into Chinese Active Sentences Great efforts are being made to find easily administered and reliable drugs. 人们正在作出

8、巨大的努力以发现易于服用而 又可靠的药物。 Comparatively little is known of the nature of anabolic changes. 我们对合成代谢各种变化的性质所知甚少。Be translated into Chinese Active Sentences5. 译成使动式主动句( “把”、“将”、“使” 等置于原 文主语之前)e.g. A piece of fascia lata approximately 86cm, is removed from the patients thigh and cleaned of connective tissue

9、. 把一块大小约为86cm的阔筋膜从病人 的大腿上取下来，并将结缔组织清除。Be translated into Chinese Active SentencesBe translated into Chinese Passive Sentences 译成汉语的被动句1. 译成“被”字结构。e.g. Uncommonly, a slow-growing carcinoma may be undetected during life and first found at necropsy after the patient has died of some other disease. 难得也有

10、生长缓慢的癌，生前可能未被察觉， 而在患者因其它疾病死亡后的尸检中，才被 初次发现。2. 译成含有“由”、“由于”、“让”、“受”、“受到”、“用”、 “以”等结构。e.g. In the days of widespread prevalence, 60% of the adult population of the city had been infected. 在疾病广泛流行的时期，该市的成年人曾有60% 都受到了感染。 Be translated into Chinese Passive Sentences3. 译成“为/由1所”、“是1的”结构。e.g. Bacillus is ma

11、inly made up of lipids, waxes, polysaccharides and proteins. 杆菌主要是由脂质、蜡质、多糖和蛋白质组成的。Be translated into Chinese Passive Sentences4. 译成“加以1”、“予以1”等结构。e.g. Prolapsed intervertebral disc must be differentiated from other cases of low back pain.椎间盘突出必须与其它腰痛病例加以鉴别。Be translated into Chinese Passive Sentenc

12、esTranslation of Idiomatic passive SentencesIt引起的被动语态惯用语结构e.g. It is estimated that the average time following arrest of the heart before death occurs is about four minutes; the average time following arrest of breathing before death occurs might be eight minutes. 据估计，从心搏停止到死亡的平均时间为4分钟， 而从呼吸停止到死亡的时间

13、可能平均为8分钟。Translation of Idiomatic passive Sentences It can be stated however that chilling in the absence of a primary infecting agent will not cause colds and that its role is at best a minor auxiliary one.可以说，仅有寒冷而无原发感染原时并不会 引发感冒，寒冷最多不过起了辅助作用。Translation of Some Other Structures1. 一些It或There引导的主从复

14、合句，虽然不是被动 语态，但翻译方式与It引导的被动结构译法相似。e.g. There seems to be good clinical evidence that staphylococci can be pathogenic in these disorders. 临床上似乎有足够的证据证明葡萄球菌可能 是这些疾患的病原菌。Translation of Some Other StructuresIt is already apparent that there is a little to choose between heparin and dextran in terms of the prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism. 情况已很明显，对预防致命性肺栓塞来说， 肝素和右旋糖酐的效力不相上下。2. have sth. done 结构e.g. All patients had their serological determinations done prior to ad