英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧

1、英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。分析长难句的基本方法是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句;然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。一、处理长难句的原则方法如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速

2、找出主谓结构。这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义;然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。注意，

3、弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内(如在参加考试时)将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。二、经典高考真题实例分析下面这篇文章共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。A 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island i

4、n the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a populatio

5、n of a few hundred. Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant islandis Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century,

6、supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland mov

7、ed in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.1. 跳读插入语：2. 跳读非谓语动词短语3. 跳读分隔现象4. 跳读定语从句SECTION A (15 marks) Directions：Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choi

8、ces marked A，B，C and DChoose one answer that best completes the sentence21.If parents are too hard _ their children, they wont tell them truth.A. toB .onC. forD. with22.In our town, wood can _ a fire.A. be used to make B. be used to makingC. use to make D. used to making23. The boy _ himself Mr Foot

9、ball is a freshman of a famous university. A. called B. calling C. calls D. to call24.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished25.He insisted that he _ right, and so he insisted that his plan _ carried

10、 out at once. A. was; be B. be; would be C. was; was D. be; should be 26.Youd better have your room_. Its_. A. clean, in messB. cleaned, in a mess C. cleaned, in mess D. clean, in a mess27.The football fans often _ _ late to watch live broadcasts of football matches. A. mix up B. turn up C. put up D

11、. stay up 28.September 11, 2001 is the day _ we will never forget. A. that B. when C. on which D. on that29.-Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? -_. I love getting close to nature. A. I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not C. I believe not D. I dont think so30. This is one of the most interesting books

12、 _I have _ read.A. that; neverB. that; ever C. which; neverD. which; ever31. -We will have a school trip next week.-That sounds _.Im sure we will have a good time there.A. well B. badly C. bad D. good 32. _ is important for us to gain access to the Internet.A. This B. That C. What D. It33. _ is well

13、 known to all, the earth is round.A. That B. Which C. It D. As34. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. WhileB. SinceC. Before D. Unless35. -Lucy has made great progress recently. - _, and _.A. So she does, so have you. B. So she has, so have you C. So has she, so you h

14、ave D. So has she, so do youSECTION B (18 marks) Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and DFill each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context Surfing: It s Not Just for Boys AnymoreIf you asked high school girls to name their f

15、avorite sports, most would probably say basketball or volleyball. I happen to be one of the few girls who would answer: surfing（冲浪运动）. But isn t that a boy thing? Some people 36 . Most certainly not.I started surfing about five years ago and fell in love with the sport on the very first day. Riding

16、that first 37 was the best feeling I had ever experienced.When I try to 38 surfing with other things, I find it very difficult because, in my life ,there s nothing like it. It involves （ 牵涉到） body, mind and soul. There s sand between my toes and cool, salt water all 39 us. The feeling I get when I m

17、 surfing across that 40 , becoming one with the 41 , is like I m weightless.The one thing I can 42 from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenge（挑战）. You can never be the “best surfer” because the ocean offers an uncountable variety of waves that nobody can ever master. The variations of

18、 surfing styles are wonderful. Some surfers are free and flowing; others are very aggressive （活跃有力的） and 43 . All of these things attract me to surfing and make it 44 from any other sport.I ve tried to tell every girl I know to do something that people don t think girls can do. It s part of being hu

19、man to advance to new levels, so shouldn t it be expected that girls should step up and start 45 the limits of things boys and men used to dominate （主宰）?There re women 46 side by side with the President of our country, so why not side by side with the boys on the football team or out in the water su

20、rfing? Give girls a chance to 47 , and they will.36. A. wonderB. understandC. reply D. believe37. A. waveB. stormC. sailD. boat38. A. bringB. connectC. compareD. tie39. A. alongB. aboveC. aroundD. by40. A. beachB. waterC. boardD. lake41. A. skyB. worldC. earthD. ocean42. A. takeB. getC. makeD. keep4

21、3. A. sharpB. greatC. hardD. calm44. A. knownB. rightC. farD. different45. A. reachingB. acceptingC. pushingD. setting46. A. sittingB. walkingC. fightingD. working47. A. thinkB. succeedC. performD. feelSECTION C(12 marks) Directions：Complete the following passage by using ONE word that best fits the

22、 context Mr. Smith used to be in prison for three years, which may have you think he is not a good man. But 48 _ a matter of fact, he is kind-hearted as well as honest. The reason 49 he was put into prison was not that he himself broke the law, 50 that his six-year-old son blew up（使爆炸）the bridge nea

23、r his home, imitating what he had seen on TV. 51 this little boy did break the law, he was too young to be put in prison. According _52_ the local law, the boys parents had to be punished. As a result, Mr. Smith received the punishment. He was arrested and taken to the police station finally. Most o

24、f the people in the town showed pity on him, but it was useless. After all, law is law. Everybody is to obey 53. As the proverb of “When it rains, it pours”, Mrs. Smith was out of work before long. She had to move to a southern state,54 she was born and grew up. Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.

25、55 the Smiths have experienced does teach us a good lesson. PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION (30 marks) Directions：Read the following three passagesEach passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statementsFor each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and DChoose the one that fits be

26、st according to the information given in the passage AThere is an interesting festival in China. On that special day, people in Hunan province always have a dragon boat match. The dragon boat is quite long, like a dragon. There are pictures of dragons on each side. The front of the boat is like the

27、head of a dragon. During the match, about twenty men in the boat make it move as fast as it can. Among them stands another man. He beats a drum(敲鼓) to make the others boat in the same rhythm(节奏). Its an exciting match, especially when they are reaching the end. The audience along the lake shout for

28、their favourite team. From this match, we have the name of the festivalthe Dragon Boat Festival.This special day has another name-Duanwu Festival. In it we have a story. Long, long ago, there was a famous poet(诗人) called Qu Yuan. He was famous not only for his poems, but also for thinking a lot for(

29、为某人着想) the people. After he died, people eat rice dumplings in memory of him on this special day.( )56. Whats the name of this special festival? Its called _.A. Chinese New Year B. Mid-Autumn FestivalC. the Dragon Boat Festival D. Halloween( ) 57. From where does the name come? the dragon match in H

30、unan province B.the dragon boat match in Hunan provincethe boat like a dragon in Sichaun Province D. the dragon flying in the sky( ) 58. In the match, there is always a man standing in the middle to _.A. shout for them B. help them boat C. carry a dragon for them D. beat a drum for them( ) 59. Its a

31、lso called Duanwu Festival in memory of _.A. a poet called Qu Yuan B. a poet called Li BaiC. a poet called Du Fu D. a poet called Bai Juyi( ) 60. On that day, people eat _.A. pumpkins B. mooncakes C. rice dumplings D. candies B Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love

32、 yourself. Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes, and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncl

33、e Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes its a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.Self-image is your own minds picture of yourself.

34、This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think abo

35、ut yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Dont allow doubts to occur in it.It v

36、ery well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you cant move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think youre silly because you arent good at math, find a tutor. If you think

37、youre weak because you cant run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think youre dull because you dont wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesnt mean its true.The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image i

38、s far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat(拍) yourself on the back, youll know youre well on your way. Good luck!6

39、1.You need to build a positive self-image when you .A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourselfC. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself62.According to the passage, our self-images .A. have positive effectsB. are probably untrueC. are often changeableD

40、. have different functions63.How should you change your self-image according to the passage?A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful.C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think.64.What is the passage mainly about?A.How to prepare for your success. B

41、.How to face challenges in your life.C.How to build a positive self-image. D.How to develop you good qualities.65.Who are the intended readers of the passage?A.Parents.B.Adolescents C.Educators.D.People in general. CA young boy was sitting in the back seat of the car eating an apple. He asked his fa

42、ther, “Why does my apple turn brown?” his father answered, “When the skin is removed, air reaches the flesh of the apple and causes oxidation (氧化). This changes the apples molecular(分子的) structure and results in a brownish color.” The boy asked, “ Daddy, what are you talking about?”I know how that b

43、oy feels. Sometimes I want answers to some of those confusing questions that we all meet with, such as how to get through difficult times or what to do in a tough situation. I just want to get it right.The problem is that I dont always have the answer I need. Nobody else seems to have them, either.

44、So I go on making mistakes and think that Ill never get it right. Often I didnt know what to do. I often made poor choices, but I gradually improved. Then I realized that I dont HAVE TO always get it right. I dont have to always know what to do all the time. All I really need to do is try my best, l

45、earn from my mistakes and go on.Dr. Leo Buscaglia once said, “ No one gets out of this world alive, so the tme to live, learn, care, share, celebrate and love is now. That would be pretty hard to do when youre waiting for all the answers first.”So you got it wrong. You made a mistake. So what should

46、 you do next? Forgive yourself and try again. You may not get out of this world alive, but you can get plenty of life out of this world if you are not too worried about always getting it right.66. In the beginning, the author tells the story of a boy and his father to _. A. show that the father is v

47、ery knowledgeable B. say something interesting about apples C. introduce the subject of the passage D. show that children nowadays ask more questions67. How did the boy feel when he heard his fathers explanation?A. He admired his father very much.B. He knew what his father meant.C. He thought that h

48、e had learned a lot from his father.D. He felt it was difficult to understand.68. What do Dr. Leo Buscaglias words mean?A. We must make right choices as often as possible.B. We can search the answers when enjoying life itself.C. People have many desires when they enter the world.D. It is hard to lea

49、d a happy and satisfying life.69. What can be concluded from the passage? A. We should learn from our mistakes and try again. B. We should try to learn and understand the answers to questions. C. It is very important to try to avoid mistakes. D. It is our duty to make the world a better place.70. Wh

50、at is the style of the passage?A. novel B. news C. essay D poem PART FOUR WRITING (45 marks)SECTION A (10 marks) Directions：Read the following passageFill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passageWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORKS for each answer Teamwork is the process of a group

51、 of people working together in order to achieve a goal. It is an essential part of any business. First and the most important, a team must have been communicated to them a clear goal to work towards. Poor communication may lead to unsatisfactory results. A strong team will also include a mixture of

52、people, with different academic backgrounds and skills. The team must be able to talk openly and honestly to each other, sharing ideas and making suggestions while listening to and understanding what others have to say.While many employees are able to perform important functions on their own, workin

53、g as a team brings a wide range of talents and resources to a project that would be almost impossible for just one person to match. Ideas on the project itself and how to achieve its goals can be exchanged, and new points of view voiced, which would be difficult to achieve with just one person, who

54、may be firmly fixed on one perspective (思考方法),thus lowering the quality of the results. Because a team is a group of people, each with their own opinions and personalities, conflicts can and do arise. If not acted upon swiftly and effectively, this can lower morale (士气) in the team and reduce produc

55、tivity, affecting the quality of results achieved. A team can also take longer than an individual to achieve a goal, as organizing a team often requires considerable preparation.Having a good team working on a project ensures that the task will be dealt with thoroughly and this means the goal will b

56、e achieved with a very high quality. A good team will also create trust and confidence, both in themselves and one another. And this will benefit both the individuals and the companyTitle: 71. _DefinitionA group of people work together to 72. _.73. _ and qualitiesa clear goalpeople from different ac

57、ademic backgrounds and 74. _free to 75. _listening to and 76. _ImportanceTeam goals:achieved quickly and with 77. _Dangersconflicts resulting in 78. _ on the quality of results less effective than 79. _80. _achieving great success and benefiting both the individuals and the companySECTION B (10 marks)Directions：Read the following passageAnswer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit：Write your answers on your answer sheetPlaying is serous business f