加拿大奶牛肉牛产褥热(低钙症)

1、产褥热（低钙症）Milk Fever (Hypocalcemia)Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Fu Xiaoping病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis钙从血液过度流到牛奶乳中会造成牛体肌肉无力、循环虚脱、萎靡、意识不清等Drain of Calcium from the blood stream to the milk causing generalized muscle weakness, circulatory collapse, depression and unconsciousness 危险因素Ri

2、sk Factors高产牛High Producing cows 泌乳阶段Stage of lactation年龄（5-10年）Age of cow (most 5-10 years of age)配种牛Breed of cow高遗传史High familiar incidence过去有乳牛热病史Previous history of milk fever头胎牛产后48h乳腺完全排空Complete udder emptying in first 48 hours post partum日 粮 Dietary 干奶期摄入过多的钙Excessive Ca in dry period 100 gm

3、s/head/day摄入过多的磷Excessive P 80 gms/head/day摄入过多的钠和钾Excessive other cations Na or K碱性日粮Alkaline diet高粗蛋白High Crude Protein 临床症状Clinical Findings症状取决于血钙水平Syndromes depending on blood Ca levels兴奋阶段 Stage I Excitement Stage 不安Restless高度敏感Hypersensitive肌肉颤栗Muscle tremors行为异常和吼叫Abnormal behavior and may b

4、ellow身体摇摆不定Wobbly stance血钙8-6.5mg/dl Blood Ca 8-6.5mg/dl胸骨触地躺卧（S型） Stage II Sternal Recumbency 不能站立Unable to rise & in sternal recumbency萎靡、嗜睡Depression, drowsiness循环慢，皮肤、耳朵、鼻镜处冰凉Poor circulation cold ears and skin, dry muzzle瘤胃静止Static rumen瞳孔放大、目光呆滞Pupils dilated and fixed可能伴有瘤胃鼓气Static rumen and

5、may be bloat便秘和无肛门反射Constipation & no anal reflex 斜/侧卧阶段 Stage III Lateral Recumbency 牛侧卧、嗜睡Cow is in lateral recumbency & comatose 四肢伸出、无力Limbs stuck out but flaccid脉搏微弱Circulatory collapse心跳无力、心音低沉或无 Weak inaudible heart sounds瘤胃鼓气和反刍Cow may bloat and regurgitate不治疗便会死亡Cow will die if not treated预

6、后和并发症Sequelae & Complications难产Dystocia子宫脱出Uterine Prolapse急促性肺炎Aspiration Pneumonia倒地不起综合症Downer cow syndrome诊断Diagnosis依据病史、临床症状，排除其他可能性 Based on history, clinical signs and rule out of other possibilities鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis肠杆菌性乳腺炎Coliform mastitis急性浓毒性子宫炎Acute septic Metritis倒地不起综合症Downer

7、Cow Syndrome急性酸中毒Acute acidosis产犊时神经和肌肉性损伤Calving related nerve or muscle injury股骨、胫骨、坐骨骨折Femoral, tibial or pelvic fractures低镁症Hypomagnesaemia (Grass Tetany)实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology血钙低于8 mg/dl ，多数低于5 mg/dl (正常为8.6-11.5 mg/dl)Ca levels below 8 mg/dl and most often below 5 mg/dl (normal 8.6-

8、11.5 mg/dl) 血磷低于3 mg/dl P levels depressed below 3 mg/dl (normal 4.3-6.6 mg/dl)血镁提高到4-5 mg/dl (正常为1.6-2.9 mg/dl)Mg levels may be elevated to 4-5 mg/dl (normal 1.6-2.9 mg/dl)治疗Treatment500ml钙溶液静注500 ml of calcium solution IV (combination of Ca and P Equivalent to 10 gms Ca and 5 gms of P total)心脏听诊Ad

9、minister over 15-minute period Auscultate heart奶牛对治疗有积极反应-打嗝、通便、心跳有力、肌颤、有尿、企图站起Cow should show a positive response to treatment belching, defecating, increased heart sounds, muscle tremors, urination and attempt to rise23% 500ml硼酸葡糖酸钙溶液皮下注射500 ml of 23 % Calcium borogluconate sterile solution SQ (eq

10、uivalent to 10 gms of Ca total) 分点进行注射 Administer in a minimum of four sites首次注射时按摩注射部位Massage injection sites to disperse solution, as it is irritating若反应不佳，8-12h内重新评估，必要时重来If incomplete response, re-evaluate in 8-12 hours and retreat as required部分牛会复发，应再次治疗Some cows will relapse and have to be ret

11、reated预防Prevention & Control低发病率的牧场Low incidence herds监测围产器牛，及早治疗Monitor cows closely at parturition and treat early高发病率的牧场High Incidence Herds减少日粮中总钙摄入Reduce total Ca intake 100 gm/head/day in dry ration补充阴离子盐氯化铵或硫酸铵Supplement with anionic salts ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate 100 gms/head/day in the dry ration产犊前2-8天用维生素D3肌注治疗Tr