大学英语教案 Unit50

1、Unit 10 Section AI. Background KnowledgeEQ &IQ. EQ is short for “emotional intelligence”. It is used to indicate a kind of intelligence that involves the ability to perceive, assess, and positively influence ones own and other peoples emotions. Elliot Solloway coined the term. He thought being able

2、to direct ones emotions as well as being able to understand and influence other peoples emotional responses, went a long way towards effective adaptation to an environment.IQ is short for “intelligence quotient”, a measure of a persons intelligence ability in relation to that of the rest of populati

3、on. It is expressed as the ratio of mental age to actual age, multiplied by 100, and is based on the scores achieved in the intelligence test.EQ: The expression “emotional intelligence” is used to indicate a kind of intelligence that involves the ability to perceive, assess and positively influence

4、ones own and other peoples emotions. Intelligence is the “ability to adapt effectively to the environment, either by making a change in oneself or by changing the environment or finding a new one”. According to this definition, being intelligent entails much more than having strong cognitive abiliti

5、es the kind of abilities that are typically measured by an intelligence test. To address some of the further abilities possessed by intelligent people, Elliot Solloway coined the term emotional intelligence. He considered that being able to direct ones emotions, as well as being able to understand a

6、nd influence other peoples emotional responses, went a long way towards effective adaptation to an environment. The term was picked up in 1995 by Daniel Goleman in his best-seller book of the same title: Emotional Intelligence (cf. the relevant background information below). For a more detailed intr

7、oduction about the concept, check out the web page at HYPERLINK /research/what_is_emotional_intelligence.htm t _blank /research/what_is_emotional_intelligence.htm. The websites at HYPERLINK /index.htm t _blank /index.htm and HYPERLINK /gallery/young/emotion.htm t _blank /gallery/young/emotion.htm pr

8、ovide more extensive information on the subject.2. Daniel Goleman: A psychologist who for many years reported on the brain and behavioral sciences for The New York Times, Dr. Goleman previously was a visiting faculty member at Harvard. Dr. Golemans 1995 book, Emotional Intelligence (Bantam Books), a

9、rgues that human competencies like self-awareness, self-discipline, persistence and empathy are of greater consequence than IQ in much of life, that we ignore the decline in these competencies at our peril, and that children can and should be taught these abilities. To learn more about Goleman, chec

10、k out the web page at HYPERLINK /members/goleman.htm t _blank /members/goleman.htm. Highlights of the book can be found at HYPERLINK /education/lwilson/learning/emot.htm t _blank /education/lwilson/learning/emot.htm. The web page at HYPERLINK /guides/emotional_intelligence.asp t _blank /guides/emoti

11、onal_intelligence.asp provides a list of questions that can be used for your classroom discussion on the topic. To read about different opinions about Goleman and his works, check out the web page at HYPERLINK /gole.htm t _blank /gole.htm. 3. IQ: IQ is an abbreviation for “intelligence quotient”, a

12、measure of a persons intellectual ability in relation to that of the rest of the population. It is expressed as the ratio of mental age to actual age, multiplied by 100, and is based on the scores achieved in an intelligence test. The two most important scales for measuring IQ are the Standford-Bine

13、t test and the Weschler test. The distribution of IQ scores is more-or-less Gaussian, that is to say that it follows the bell curve. Modern ability tests produce scores for different areas (e.g. language fluency, three-dimensional thinking, etc.), with the summary score being the most meaningless. I

14、t is much more useful to know which are the strengths and weaknesses of a person than to know that he or she beats n percent of the populace in some “general intelligence” measure. Two persons with vastly different ability profiles may score the same IQ, but may exhibit different affinity to a given

15、 task, or may not be valued equally intelligent by other people. IQ scores are sometimes taken as an objective measure of intelligence, and since intelligence is notoriously difficult to define, the definition “intelligence is what the IQ test measures” has been seriously proposed. However, IQ tests

16、 encode their creators beliefs about what constitutes intelligence. What various cultures dub “intelligence” differs. Most people also think that creativity plays a significant role in intelligence; creativity is almost unmeasurable by tests. The modern field of intelligence testing began with the S

17、tanford-Binet test. It is worth noting that Alfred Binet, who created the IQ test in 1904, was aiming to identify students who could benefit from extra help in school: his assumption was that lower IQ indicated the need for more teaching, not an inability to learn. The following numbers apply to IQ

18、scales. Scores between 90 and 110 are considered average so a person scoring 95 is simply average, not below-average. For children scoring below 80 special schooling is encouraged, children above 125 are “highly gifted”. In previous years, scores below 90 were divided into ranges labeled moron, imbe

19、cile and idiot, while scores above 150 were labeled genius. Some writers say that such scores outside the range 55 to 145 are essentially meaningless because there are not enough people to make statistically sound statements. To learn more about IQ, please visit HYPERLINK /scoreexplain.html t _blank

20、 /scoreexplain.html and HYPERLINK http:/www.psyonline.nl/en-iq.htm t _blank http:/www.psyonline.nl/en-iq.htm. The websites at HYPERLINK /cgi-bin/Upstream/Issues/psychology/IQ/%20index.html t _blank /cgi-bin/Upstream/Issues/psychology/IQ/ index.html and HYPERLINK /intell/ t _blank /intell/ provide mo

21、re extensive information on the subject of intelligence. You can also try a few IQ tests at, for example, HYPERLINK /htm/career/test/note.htm t _blank /htm/career/test/note.htm.II. Text AnalysisThe article is focused on how to cultivate EQ. It can be divided into five parts:Part 1, para 1 to 3 an ar

22、gument that EQ is a hot ticket for business success.Part 2, para 4 a transitional paragraph leading to the topic of how to cultivatePart 3, para5 to 8 four recommended skills to develop EQ.Part 4 ; para9 to12 possibility to cultivate EQ.Part 5, para 13 a conclusion that without EQ, academic training

23、 alone is worth less and less.General-specific (总分法)This part is organized in a general-specific manner to illustrate the significance of EQ for employees in the world of business. General statement: The most valuable contribution for employees to make is not knowledge but judgment, which involves s

24、omething of a sixth sense, a high performance of the mind. Specific details:The book Emotional Intelligence says that the latest scientific findings prove that intelligent but inflexible people in our age dont have the adaptive ability.According to Time magazine, emotions may be the true measure of

25、human intelligence.Listing (列举法)Main idea and devices for developing itSince EQ is the key to business success, four skills are listed for individuals to cultivate it. BackBy applying listing to the development of this part, the author makes the four adaptive skills clear at a glance.Explanation (解释

26、法)Explanation is used in this part to confirm the practicability of cultivating EQ by practicing the four skills mentioned in Part II. This makes very convincing the proposal of “keep at it”.(Para. 9) Keep at it, however, because they are based on what were learning about the mechanisms of the mind.

27、 (Para. 12) With a discipline, however, we can change our world view, thus improving our skills.Without EQ, academic training alone is worth less and less.III. Language Points1. make a contribution to/towards : do sth to help to cause sth. (line 1) Eg: He made an important contribution to the compan

28、ys success.The increasing employment made a great contribution to the stability of the society.2. Knowledge , no matter how broad , is useless until it is applied. (line 2) Meaning : knowledge is useful only when it is put to use , however broad it is.3. a sixth sense : an ability to know sth withou

29、t using the five senses of sight, hearing , smell, touch and taste. (line 3)Eg: I had a sixth sense that the train is going to crash.4. sort through: look for sth among a lot of similar things, esp, when one arranges these things in order. (line 9)Eg: She found the pen when sorting through her old b

30、ooks. It is a tedious work to sort through so many files without others help.5. If the revolutionary pressure of marketplace are making EQ, not EQ, the hot ticket for business success, it seems likely that individuals will want to know how to cultivate it (Para, 3) Meaning: with the development of t

31、he business, the pressure from the market are becoming higher and higher and this causes EQ , rather than IQ , to be the key to business success. IN this case, individuals are very likely to want to know how to develop and improve EQ.6. The hot ticket: here it refers to what is needed or required to

32、 be successful and everyone wants it.7. Cultivate v 1) try to acquire or develop a relationship , an attitude, etc.Eg: The school is aimed to cultivate students such virtues as hard working, independence, loyalty, and confidence in everything.prepare and use land, soil, etc, for growing crops.Eg: It

33、 is thought rice was first cultivated in India and Indo-China, but it is now grown extensively throughout the Far East.8. Embrace v: (line 18)accept enthusiastically He embraced my offer to employ him as the general manger.Most people have embraced the concept of high tech-communication road.hold sb

34、 tightly with both arms to express ones love , liking or sympathy. Eg: The mother embraced her son whom she had not seen for a decade.IncludeEg: The article embraces many important points of the government reconstruction plan.9. Adaptive adj: that can be adapted (line 19)Eg: The manufacturer created

35、 adaptive clothing for children and young man with special needs.10. Compare: adapt v to make suitable or fit for a situation .Eg :He tries to adapt himself to the cold weather. adjust v to adapt or conform to a new situation. Eg: They are unable to adjust themselves to the new environment.11.I thin

36、ks of this as thinking differently on purpose.(line 21-22)Note some of verbs are often followed by a noun group a preposition phrase which consists of as and a noun group. For example:Choose .as consider/regard .as strike.as label.as appointas view/look at.as dismissas describe.as On purpose: delibe

37、rately, intentionally.Eg: They are not meant to make such a mistake on purpose, so do give them another chance for compensation.12. Raise your consciousness by catching yourself in the act of thinking as often as possible.Meaning: pay particular attention to thinking differently when you are thinkin

38、g in order to raise your consciousness.In the act of doing sth: while sb is doing sth. He was in the act of closing the door when he heard the ring of the telephone.13. imagery: the description in sth such as a poem or song , and the picture they created in ones mind. (line 28) Eg: It is hard for th

39、e foreigners to understand the imagery in Chinese poems and landscape paintings.14. Compare: image: One that closely or exactly resembles another; a double; A vivid description or representation.Eg: Child is the image of good health. He is the image of his uncle. In literature , night is the image o

40、f death.15.set aside: save sth for a special use (line 30)Eg: I try to set aside a bit of money every month to afford a new car . In such a conflict, it is reasonable to set aside some time for both sides to have a peace talk before launching a fighting.Compare: put aside: to save money or time; to

41、deal with sth latterly.Eg: the young lovers are trying to put some money aside for their marriage. The manage has to put his work aside for a time for an urgent egrating the perspectives of others (line 37)Meaning : take into account the views of other people and combine them with you

42、rs.Integrate v: combine two things in a such way that one becomes fully a part of the other Eg: Many suggestions are needed to integrate the plan. The teachers are trying to integrate all the children into society.Perspective n: a particular way of thinking thingsEg: It is needed to view a problem i

43、n a proper perspective.nothing less than (line 39) The phrase is used to press how great or extreme sth is.Eg: His carelessness is nothing less than a crime Their dream was nothing less than a revolutionary project to bring computers and ordinary people together.Enlarge v (line 39)to broaden , to be

44、come bigger. Eg: Reading can enlarge ones mind.to develop a bigger print of a photograph. Eg: He had his pictures enlarged.Compare: expand: to increase in size , number or importance Eg: when heated, objects will expand.They expand their business by cooperating with foreigners .reflect on (line 41)1

45、) to consider carefully and at lengthEg : I need time to reflect on what should I do next. 2) To give evidence that (one) has acted in a given way: Eg: The excuses you gave reflect disappointingly on you.confine to (line 48)Limit sth /sb to sthEg: Can you confine your point to the matter which we ar

46、e discussing now? Students should not be confined to the book they have read.But you need a discipline for doing it. (para 13) Meaning : But you need a particular training method to do it.IV. Writing（因果关系说明文）Diagnoses of the Problem with Sb. / Sth.1. 某人/事中存在的问题是2. 根据问题的特征说明其成因。（划线部分可替换）写作模式（因果关系说明文）

47、1) A preliminary diagnosis of sb. / sth. can find that sb. / sth. is cursed / troubled mainly with the problem of . 2) As his / its specific symptoms, he / it is subject to , apt to , and therefore almost always at the mercy of . 3) A deeper probe / research / insight into the problem, however, can

48、reveal something worthy of our careful consideration.（划线部分可替换）4) To the best of my insight / knowledge / understanding, he / it is the product of . (成因说明I) 5) It turns out that . 6) , for example, while 7) He / It is also a good mirror of (成因说明II) 8) He / It reflects faithfully, but in expanded dime

49、nsions, 9) And above all, he / it is the victim of . (成因说明III) 10) According to the experts concerned, 11) As a result of this, . 12) Clearly, an effective cure / remedy for the problem rests / lies much with Diagnoses of the Problem with the College Student1) 我国大学生中存在的主要问题是 2) 根据问题的特征说明其成因。1) A pre

50、liminary diagnosis of the modern college student can find that he is cursed mainly with the problem of being impulsive. 2) As his specific symptoms, he is subject to changing moods, apt to look for immediate results, and therefore almost always at the mercy of his wavering confidence in anyone else

51、as well as in himself. 3) A deeper probe into the problem, however, can reveal something worthy of our careful consideration.4) To the best of my insight, he is the product of the eagerness of this society for quick success. 5) It turns out that our society as a whole is anxious about immediate bene

52、fits. 6) The government officials, for example, thirst for rapid achievements in their political careers while businessmen desire to make their fortune in a flash. 7) He is also a good mirror of the undue expectations of his parents, teachers, and superiors. 8) He reflects faithfully, but in expande

53、d dimensions, the weakness and anxiety of those who failed to realize their life values but now pin excess hope on him. 9) And above all, he is the victim of our failure in the cultivation of emotional intelligence. 10) According to the experts concerned, our school work has given too much weight to

54、 intellectual training to cultivate students in EQ. 11) As a result of this, many a student lacks adaptive skills in the face of adversity and emergency. 12) Clearly, an effective remedy for the problem rests much with the improvement of his EQ, namely a good mixture of self-awareness, self-control,

55、 self-confidence, and self-motivation.Section BI. Reading SkillsWe talked about the Reading Skills Skimming in Unit 6, Book 3. Whenever we have to find some specific facts in a passage, we look quickly at sentences that offer the needed information. Rapid reading for information is called skimming.

56、When we skim a paragraph or a page, we are searching quickly among sentences for the answers to some questions we have.Unlike scanning which involves searching for details or isolated facts (see Unit 7), skimming requires the reader to note only information which provides an idea of the central them

57、e or topic of a piece of writing. When we skim, we probably have to move our eyes faster than when we scan although similar steps of reading are involved. Of course, the key step is to decide what information we want to know, and then try to skim for it.When we skim, we read only selected sentences

58、in order to get the main idea. We should also use textual clues such as italicized or underlined words, headlines or subtitles, spacing, paragraphing, etc. Do not read every word or sentence.Here are some hints for skimming. 1) Make sure that we know what information we are looking for. That is to s

59、ay, we are reading with questions in mind. 2) Move our eyes quickly from line to line and from sentence to sentence, paying special attention to numbers, paragraph markers, italicized words, capital letters, subtitles, etc. while always having the questions in mind.3) When we have found what we need

60、, think about the questions to see whether the information answers the question. 4) Take down the answers to the questions we have in mind. Here are some examples from Passage A in this unit to explain how to skim for the particular information that a reader is interested in. Now skim Passage A for