非谓语做定语区别

1、关于非谓语做定语的区别第一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月能做定语的非谓语动词有：_，_, _We have a lot of homework _.我们有很多作业要做.2. Do you know the boy_? 你认识那个在游泳池游泳的男孩吗？3. We are studying in a school _. 我们在一所建于1934年的学校读书观察下列句子swimming in the swimming poolbuilt in 1934总结动词ing过去分词动词不定式to do第二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月意义动词不定式：_过去分词：_动词ing动名词：_现在分

2、词：_ _表示还未发生的动作表示已经完成的，被动的动作表示所修饰的词的一个正在进行的，主动的动作表示所修饰的词的性质，用途We have a lot of homework to do.Do you know the boy swimming in the swimming pool.We are studying in a school built in 1934.第三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月朗读下列句子，思考划线部分充当什么句子成分？充当该句子成分的是什么词？ 1) The book written by the peasant is interesting.2）Ameri

3、ca is a developed country.过去分词短语作定语过去分词作定语，表示动作已完成。它与被修饰词是动宾关系第四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月China is a developing country.4）Did you know the girl dancing with your brother?5） They lived in a room facing the north. 现在分词（短语）与被修饰词是主谓关系，而且表示动作正在进行。现在分词 作定语，表示动作正在进行现在分词短语作定语，现在分词短语作定语，现在分词（短语）与被修饰词是主谓关系第五张，PPT共六

4、十页，创作于2022年6月6) He has a meeting to attend. 7) I have a letter to type.动词不定式作定语，一般表示“将来”的意义。动词不定式作定语注意：不定式与被修饰词之间虽然是动宾关系，但句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时， 不定式要用主动形式（to do)。比较：I have a letter to be typed. I have a letter to type.前者说明主语 I 不是type这个动作的执行者；后者说明主语 I 是type这个动作的执行者第六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月8）另外，如果这这个作定语的不定式是一个

5、不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：I need a pen to write with(可看成：to write with the pen)（介宾） She now has nothing to worry about(可看成：to worry about nothing) （介宾）第七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月9）不定式还用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等不定代词限定的中心词。如：He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal

6、in the Olympic Games.The poor children had little to eat.10）不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：ability能力； movement活动；ambition抱负； effort努力； failure失败； opportunity机会；chance机会； promise许诺；courage勇气； intention意图； decision决定；determination决心 motive动机； tendency趋势；wish愿望等。如：Do you have the ability to read and wri

7、te English ?I havea chance to go sight seeing.第八张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语表被动的情况：1）不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如：The bridge to be built next month is the third bridge across the river2）现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。如：The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river3）过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。如：The bridge built

8、last year is the third bridge across the river第九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 注意：现在分词的完成式（having + 过去分词）不能作定语，此时可以用一个定语从句代替如：完成作业的那些人现在可以回家了。误：Those having finished their homework can go home now.正：Those who have finished their homework can go home now.第十张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 1. She has no pencil _. A. to wri

9、te with B. to write about C. to write D. write in 2. She said she had a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attendingAB若作定语的动词不定式是vi, 后必须要 有介词Practice第十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a bet

10、ter place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playingB不定式做定语时: (1). to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做; (2). to be done 表示事情由别人做;第十二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 4. Im thirsty. Would you please give me something _. A. drunk B. to drink C. to be drunk D. for drinking 5. He is always the first _ que

11、stions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answeredBA不定式常作不定代词和序数词，最高级的 后置定语第十三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月定语的综合练习： 用所给词的适当形式填空。1) The young man_ (sit) between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.2) The meeting, _ (attend) by 1,000 students, was a success.3) The house_ (bui

12、ld) last year is my uncles house. built sitting attended第十四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 4) The building_ (build) next year will be the teaching building.5) The building_ (build) now will be the lab building. to be built being built不定式与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示即将进行的动作就用动词不定式的被动式（to be done)。如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示动作正在进行

13、就用现在分词的被动式（being done)第十五张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月6）The house _ ( repair） next month will be mine.7）The house _ (decorate) now is mine.to be repairedbeing decorated第十六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月即时巩固练习用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spy2)A man_ (respect) others will be respected

14、3)she can find no one _(make) friends with4)Is there anybody _ (answer) the question ?5)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners. being questionedrespectingto maketo answerinvited第十七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月6)She would be the best _(agree) the opinion 7)The matter _ (discuss) now is

15、 very important8)That is the way _(operate) the machine9)She was then a professor _(love) by all her students10)Because he had much money _(spend)，the boy formed a bad habitto agreebeing discussedto operatelovedto spend第十八张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 Thank you !第十九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 非谓语做宾语补足语第二十张，PPT共六十页，

16、创作于2022年6月1） I saw the missing boy playing by the river.2) I will help you (to) improve your English.3) I saw Tom get into the car.4) He had his car repaired yesterday.5) We found one of the glasses broken.现在分词作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语 被动，完成的含义表状态，表完成意义表动作主动正在进行表将来主动意义强调主动动

17、作的全过程第二十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to1. 能接宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词第二十二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.I saw her taken out of the classroom.主语+感官动词+名词+省略to的动词不定式 (do sth.)动词现在分词 (动词i

18、ng)动词过去分词（V-ed）感官动词接不同宾补区别（省略to的动词不定式 ：表示宾语动作的全过程）（表示宾语正在进行的主动的动作） （表示宾语的一个被动或完成的动作）结构come into the classroomcoming into the classroomtaken这个结构假如换成被动语态，宾那么主语补足语中的to要还原。She was seen to come into the classroom.第二十三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月1. 能接宾语补足语的几类动词:I saw him _(play) basketball on the playground just

19、now.He was seen _ (play) basketball just now.The teacher saw him _ (slip) away from the classroom.playingslip playing 练习第二十四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月2. 带有“致使”含义的使役动词 ( make, have, let, get, keep, leave等)常用结构 have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外,

20、have sth. done 还表示“使遭受”之意。Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.第二十五张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月make oneself /sth done表示让/使自己被一般的搭配：make oneself understood/heard/ seen/ noticed/recognized/ known如:He raised his voice to make himself hea

21、rd.第二十六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。第二

22、十七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：I wont have you speaking to your parents like that.我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。Dont have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。第二十八张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 have sb. do sth =make sb do sth =let sb do sth = (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事如：Mother

23、had me buy some salt. Tom often makes his sister cry. Let me help you. I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me.第二十九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3）The teacher had him _(stand) all the time. 1）He wants to make/ have/get himself _（hear）.2）The mother get her daughter _（help) her in housework all day

24、.练习heardto helpstanding第三十张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月4) He got his sister _ (write) a letter for him. 5) I had that door _ (paint) only last week.6) Our teachers have us _ (do) our homework every day. 7) The boss had the workers _ (work) all night long.8) A week ago I had a hundred dollars _ (save).to writ

25、epainteddo workingsaved第三十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月Leave的用法1）leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使处于某种状态）。leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.（主动，将来）他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。leave sb/sth doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）如：Its wrong of you to leave

26、 the machine running.你让机器一直开着是不对的.（主动，正在进行）第三十二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious.客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不

27、定式表示将来的动作。）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）第三十三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月keep1)The manager promised to keep me_ (inform) of how our business was going on.2)The mother didnt pay any attention to her sons request. She went out and left the

28、boy _(cry) in the room.sb/sth doing (让某人/某物一直处于某种状态）Sth. done (使某事物被）注意keep 和leave 在该句型中具有使役意味，但同时也保留了自身的意义，keep 有“保持”的意思，leave有“留下”的意思。练习 informedcrying第三十四张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月她想让别人明白她的意思。 She wanted to _ _ _.你应该让大家知道你的观点。 You should _ your views _.她把自己的一颗牙拔掉了。 She _ her tooth _ _.司机无法将车子启动。 _ _ co

29、uldnt _ _ _ _.他闭着眼睛。 _ _ _ _ _.他起床太慢，以致于留下午饭没吃完。 _ _ _ so slowly that he _ _ _ _.make herself understoodgot/had pulled out. The driver get the car startedHe kept his eyes closedHe got up left the lunch unfinishedmake known第三十五张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3）. “希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词（want, wish, like, expect, order等）T

30、he teacher didnt want the problem（to be) discussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。第三十六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月我们想让这项工作在6点整完成。 _ _ _ _ _ at 6 oclock.他命令计划在周五前执行。 _ _ _ _ _ _ before Friday.他不希望将此事提及。 He didnt _ it _. 我想把我的鸡蛋煮了。 I would _ _ _ _.父母们期望孩子们得到好的照顾。 _ _ _ _ good _ _.We want the work finishedwish men

31、tionedlike my eggs boiledHe ordered the plan carried outParents expect children taken care of第三十七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月5） “with 宾语非谓语动词”结构The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ (tie) behind his back. With a lot of work_（finish）, he wont go traveling with us.With the front door_ （paint） , he was

32、 not allowed to go out. With a man _(stare) her, the girl felt upset. 总结：动词不定式（to do）通常表示 ； 动词-ing形式通常表示 ， 动词being done 表示 动词-ed形式则含有_tiedto finishbeing paintedstaring将来的动作主动/进行的 动作被动完成的动作正在进行的被动动作第三十八张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 Thank you !第三十九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月1. 用不定式作定语的几种情况：1）不定式表将来：I borrowed some bo

33、oks to read during my holiday.2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等不定代词限定的中心词。如：He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.The poor children had little to eat.3）不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：ability能力； movement活动；ambition抱负； effort努力；failure失败； oppor

34、tunity机会；chance机promise许诺；courage勇气；intention意图；decision决定；determination决心； motive动机；tendency趋势；wish愿望等。如：Do you have the ability to read and write English ?I havea chance to go sight seeing.不定式、分词和动名词作定语的区别：通常放在被修饰的名词的后面第四十张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月不定式、分词和动名词作定语的区别：4）它和被修饰的名词有时有 动宾，主谓等关系。如：He was the fir

35、st man to do the job （主谓） Id like to get something to drink（动宾） There is no time to go there . （主谓）Do you have the ability to read and write English ? （主谓）第四十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月另外，如果这这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：I need a pen to write with(可看成：to write with the pen)（介宾） She now has nothin

36、g to worry about(可看成：to worry about nothing) （介宾）第四十二张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月5）当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）Practice:1). Im going t

37、o Beijing next week. Do you have anything _ (take) to your son? 2). Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything _(take) to your son? to be takento take第四十三张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月不定式作定语总结：1. 若作定语的动词不定式是vi, 后必须 要有介词;2. (1). to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做; (2). to be done 表示事情由别人做;3. 不定式常作不定代词和序数词, 最高级的后置定语。第四十四张，

38、PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 Practice 1. She has no pencil _. A. to write with B. to write about C. to write D. write in 2. She said she had a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attendingAB若作定语的动词不定式是vi, 后必须要 有介词I. 不定式作定语第四十五张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月3. She will tell us why she feels so

39、strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playingB不定式做定语时: (1). to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做; (2). to be done 表示事情由别人做;第四十六张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月 4. Im thirsty. Would you please give me something _. A. drunk B. to drin

40、k C. to be drunk D. for drinking 5. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answeredBA不定式常作不定代词和序数词，最高级的 后置定语第四十七张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月2）现在分词和动名词作定语的区别1.现在分词和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。单个分词作定语放在被修饰的名词的前面，分词短语放在被修饰的名词的后面。如：A fishing boy was sitting at the end of th

41、e boat.（主动，正在）The soldier riding a horse was my brother They lived in a room facing the north. 2.动名词用来说明用途，和被修饰的名词在逻辑上无主谓关系。动名词作定语只能放在被修饰的名词的前面。如：There was only one fishing boat on the river (用来捕鱼的-说明用途) The old man needs a walking stick when he goes out （用来走路的-拐杖-说明用途）（主动，正在）（主动）第四十八张，PPT共六十页，创作于20

42、22年6月I have a radio made in China.注意一些动词的固定用法：The little girl dressed in white is Mary. (be dressed in)-表达状态3）过去分词 done作定语，语态是被动。单个的放在名词前修饰， 过去分词短语放在名词后进行修饰。Look at the broken glasses.（被动，完成）（被动，完成）第四十九张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月(3)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语有时在时态上有区别1）不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如：The bridge to be built next mont

43、h is the third bridge across the river2）现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。如：The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river3）过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。如：The bridge built last year is the third bridge across the river第五十张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月4） 现在分词的完成式（having + 过去分词）不能作定语，此时可以用一个定于从句代替如：完成作业的那些人现在可以回家了。误：Those having finished their homework can go home now.正：Those who have finished their homework can go home now.第五十一张，PPT共六十页，创作于2022年6月即时巩固练习用所给动词的正