2022年中考英语数词和介词归纳

1、专题二 数词和介词 项目一 数词 数词表示数目多少或先后次序；可分为基数词和序数词；1.人的岁数或岁月可用表“几十 ” 的数词的复数表示；He is in his thirties. 他有三十来岁；This event took place in the 1930s.In 这件事情发生在20 世纪 30 岁月；were not able to resist the temptation of going ,some people in abroad.A.1990s；their twenties B.1990s；the twenties C.the 1990s；their twenties D.

2、the 1990s；the twenties” ,后面表示 “ 在某些人二十 选 前面用数词的复数形式表示“ 在二十世纪九十岁月 多岁的时候 ” ,也要用数词的复数形式；应选 C；2.基数词常位于 another ,all 之后, such, more 之前,last,next ,other 前后皆可；I need another two students to sweep the floor. 我仍需两名同学打扫地板；I can finish reading two such books in two days. 两天内这样的书我能读两本；3.dozen 与 score 1dozen 一打,

3、十二与数词 many ,several 等连用时,不加“ -s”,所修饰 的名词前常省去“of ”,如 two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋,many dozen pencils 好多打铅笔；当所修饰的名词之前有限定词 these,those, my,your 等或是人称代词宾格them ,us,you 时,需加 of,如 two dozen of these pens ； dozen 用其复数形式,后加of,表示不确定的数量,意为“ 许多,几十 ” ,如 dozens of people 许多人；2score 二十与基数词连用修饰名词时,除 a score of 外,其他情况不加 of,如

4、 three score people ,four score pigs ；其复数形式后加of,表示不确定数量,意为“ 许多 ” ,如 scores of students 许多同学；4.hundred , thousand ,million ,billion 等后接可数名词复数,表示精确数目时,不加-s；但假如表示不精确数目,就须加-s,后面往往跟 of 介词短语；如a hundred books ,five hundred computers,hundreds of students ；2022 浙江高考 It is reported that the floods have left a

5、bout A.two thousand B.two-thousandsC.two thousands D.two thousands ofpeople homeless.选 此题考查数词的用法；hundred ,thousand , million ,billion ,dozen,score 等指具体数字时,不用复数形式；指大约数字时,常用复数形式；应选 A；5.分数 百分数 of 名词作主语时,谓语动词的形式依据名词确定；Two-thirds of the students are from America.One third of the pear is eaten.6.序数词前面要加定冠

6、词 the；但也可以在前面用不定冠 词,表示 “又一,再一 ” ；Try a second time and youll succeed.the 7.基数词与序数词连用时,通常是序数词在前；如 first three pages of the book；项目二 介词 一、常用介词的用法1.but ,except,except for ,but for 和 besides 1在一般情形下,but 和 except 通用；主要用于 nobody ,none,nothing ,nowhere ,all ,every ,everything ,everyone , everywhere ,anybod

7、y ,anyone,anything ,anywhere 和表示疑问的 who ,what 等词后,表示 “ 除 之外 ” ；假如在句首或句 尾,且其前有逗号隔开时,常用 except；The all attended the party except/but Mary.除了玛丽之外他们都参加了晚会；Children would prefer to do everything except what their parents ask them to. 孩子们乐于做一切事情,就是不做父母要求他们做的；I know nothing about the accident except what I

8、 read in the paper. 关于这次交通事故的情形外,其他我一无所知；He can do nothing but/except wait. 除了等待之外他什么也不能做；2except for 意为 “ 除 之外 ” ,前面的内容和除去的 内容往往不一样,或是对主语进行修正,使之更加精确；The street in the late evening is very quiet except for a few cars. 深夜的街道特殊安静,只有几辆小汽车；Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes

9、. 除了一些单词拼写错误之外,你的作 很好；3but for意为 “要不是由于 ” ,但 but for只用于表示假设的情形,因此常用于虚拟语气；But for your advice,I would have failed.要不是你的建议,我就失败了；4besides 意为 “ 包括 在内 ” ,“ 除 之外仍 ” ；There were many students in the classroom besides Tom.除了 Tom 之外,教室里仍有许多同学；除了从报纸上得知的一些2022 浙江高考 Everything was perfect for the picnic the we

10、ather.A.in place of B.as well as C.except for D.in case of 选 考查介词短语的辨析；依据题意,此处表示除了天气之外,一切都很好；强调整体中的细节,用 except for ；in place of 替代,取代； as well as 而且； in case of 要在,在 的时候下,均不合题意；应选 C；2.because of,due to , thanks to ,owing to 的用法 1because of 由于,由于,通常作状语,位于句首或句尾；The sports meet will be put off till nex

11、t Saturday because of the heavy rain. 由于大雨运动会将推迟 到下星期六；2due to 由于,由于,通常作表语；His illness was due to smoking and drinking. 他的病是由于吸烟和喝酒；3thanks to 幸亏,多亏,既可用于褒义,又可用于贬 义,多用于句首；Thanks to the Partys good policy,the farmers are now living a happy and rich life.多亏共产党的英明领导,老百姓过着欢快富有的生活；4owing to 由于,由于,引导状语,修饰全

12、句；,owing to the They decided to postpone the trip change of weather. 由于天气变化,他们准备延期启程；3.between 和 among 的用法 between ,among 均表示 “ 在 中间 ” 或“ 在 之间 ” ；among 指在三者或三者以上之间,而 between 表示在二者 之间；He divided the money between the two children.他把钱分给了那两个孩子；I found a pretty little flower among the weeds.我发觉杂草中有一朵可爱的

13、小花；My shirt was caught between the doors and a button came off my shirt. 我的衬衣被卡在门缝了,一个纽扣掉了；2022 上海高考 Four Chinese models were at the World Supermodel Competition.the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday A.among B.between14 位获奖选手之列；C.along D.beside选句意：在周五世界超级模特大赛上,4 位中国模特跻身among 相当于 one of.,included in

14、. 之中, 之列； between 在两者 之间； along 沿着； beside 在 旁边；应选 A；4.at,for 和 with 的用法 三词均可组成短语介词,表示行为或状态的缘由、动机 或理由；1at 常与表示感情颜色的动词、形容词或过去分词搭配,后接表示具体事物的名词；I was angry at his words. 听到他的话我很愤慨；2for 和 with 后接表示感情的抽象名词,其中 with 侧重于随 着心理变化而发生的感情变化；She often hangs down her head for shame.她由于害羞而经常低着头；His face went red wi

15、th anger. 他的脸气得都变红了；5. by 的用法 1表示 “不迟于 某时间 ”的意思；We have to be home by ten oclock. 我们十点钟得到家；have promised to have the work finished by the end of this month. 我已经许诺在月底完成工作；2指人体或物体的某一部分,句中前面的总述对此有 较为明确的特指；He seized me by the arm. 他抓住我的胳膊；3表示 “由于 的结果 ” ；He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功；4含有 “到 的程度 ”

16、 的意思；This one is shorter than the other by three inches.这一个比那一个短三英寸；We lost the match by one goal.那场竞赛我们输了一球；5表示买卖东西所按以运算的数或量,或付酬所按以运算的时间；Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen. 牛奶论品脱卖,黄油论磅卖,蛋类论打卖；12022福建高考 A great man shows his greatness the way he treats little men.A.un

17、der B.withC.on D.by选 考查介词； “ 通过 途径 ” 应当用 by the way ；way 的后面是定语从句,省略了引导词 in which/that；one the way 表示 “ 在去 的路上 ” ,A、B 两项不与 “ the way ” 搭配；应选 D；22022北京高考 If you really have to leave during the meeting , youd better leave the back door.A.for B.byC.across D.out选句意：假如会议期间你的确要离开,你最好通过后门走；by 由,用,通过；应选 B；6

18、.of抽象名词形容词 of great/much 抽象名词 very 形容词； ofno 抽象名词 not 形容词；It is of no use. It is not useful. It is useless. 这无用；This matter is of much importance.This matter is very important. 这件事特殊重要；This is of much value.This is very valuable.这特殊有价值；7.to 与情感名词连用,表示“ 某种行动后产生的感觉”delightto ones delightsurprisehorror

19、sorrow joy regret surprisehorrorto thesorrowof sb.joyregret 这种表达法表示结果,用作状语, 位置位于前、 中、后皆可； 为了强调, 可在前面加much ,意为 “ 使某人 的是 ”8.with 的用法 1表示 “和 在一起 ” 、“ 由 相伴 ” 或“ 有 在场 ” 的意思；Mr.and Mrs.Smith were there with their family of three small children.史密斯夫妇带着他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿；You cannot see Mr.Johnson at the moment,a

20、s he is with the manager.你此刻见不到约翰逊先生,由于他在经理那儿；2表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思；With time passing ,they have grown into big boys and big girls. 随着时间的消逝,他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了；Temperatures vary with the time of the year.温度随着季节而变化；3表示 “带有、带来、带走、携带” 等；表 “ 相伴 ” ；The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.服务员端着一杯咖啡来了；He came

21、downstairs with his coat over his arm.他把外衣搭在胳膊上走下楼来；It is very stuffy in the room,with all the windows closed.由于全部窗户都关着,屋里特殊闷；4引导一个表示方式的状语附加语；She lay back in the chair with her eyes closed.她闭着眼睛背靠在椅子上坐着；The stranger spoke with a foreign accent.那生疏人说话带外国腔调；He looked at me with a frown. 他皱着眉头看我；同样的用法有

22、：with a sneer 嘲笑地, with a sigh 唉声叹 气地, with a sob 抽噎地, with a laugh 哈哈一笑,大笑着；5指缘由或理由；She was shivering with cold. 她冷得颤抖；小孩吓得打哆嗦；The small child trembled with fear.2022 福建高考 You have no idea how she finished the relay race her foot wounded so much.A.for B.when C.with D.while 选 句意：你根本就无法休会；在脚伤得那么厉害的情形下她是怎样完成接力比赛的；这里是一个 with n./pron. done/adj. 的复合结构； 要留意 her foot wounded so much 不是一个完整句子,所以不能用连词 when ,while , for 引导；应选 C；二、有关介词的固定搭配1.名词与介词 1to 常用在 key, answer ,visit ,apology ,introduction,attitude , monument ,devotion 等的后面；2in 常用在 interest ,satisfaction ,expe