2023考研语法讲义：第二章 裸妆组合之并列句

1、目录 TOC o 1-5 h z 第一节什么是并列句1第二节连词分类及区别1第三节并列句的考点分析4第一节什么是并列句第二章裸妆组合之并列句第一节什么是并列句, 举例英文：I like learning English, I dont like mathematics.分析加入并列连词连接两个分句，即：I like learning English, but I dont like mathematics.将其中的一个不重要的句子变成从句，重要的句子留为主句，即：Although I like learning English, I dont like mathematics.独立主格的形式也

2、可以，两句话合成一句话，只留一个动词存在，即：Liking learning English, I dontlike mathematics. 总结并列句就是连词连接两个句子(包括从句)He always works hard at everything, so my mother asks me to learn from him.【翻译】他做任何事情都很努力，因此我妈妈总让我像他学习。My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month.【翻译】我

3、叔叔说他在这儿已经工作二十年了，下个月就退休。第二节连词分类及区别.常见的并列连通1）平行关系：and, not only. but also., both. and., neither. nor.等。2）转折关系：but, while, yet,whereas等。3）选择关系：or, whether. or not.， either. or.等。4）因果关系：because, since, for, so 等。第二节连词分类及区别,表示逻辑关系的其它词（副词和介词短语）1）平行关系：Equally， similarly, likewise, simultaneously， at the sa

4、me time, in the meanwhile 等。递进关系： Then, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, subsequently, in addition 等。转折关系： however, nevertheless, nonetheless, conversely, contrarily, unfortunately, unexpectedly, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand 等。4）选择关系：alternatively 等5）因果关系：因为：bec

5、ause of, be responsible for, due to, owing to, thanks to所以：thus, hence, consequently, therefore, as a result, as a consequence 等。6）总结关系：On the whole, all in all, overall, in conclusion, summary, general, generally （speaking） ， as a whole, mainly, substantially, to sum up, to conclude, in short, brie

6、f, in a word 等7）表示引出新对象（这类词没有连词，主要是一些介词和介词短语）about = concerning = regarding = with regard to = as for/to = in respect of 关于in terms of就而论，在方面等.同意思的连词与其它逻辑关系词的区别电姒1迹丽1 ） He failed many times, but he didnt despair. 或 He failed many times but he didnt despair.第二节连词分类及区别2 ) He failed many times. On the

7、contrary , he didnt despair.或 He failed many times, and on the contrary, he didnt despair.小试牛刀：这辆车子很旧，但仍处于良好的状态。番用译： The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition.或: The car was old. However, it was in excellent condition.平庸的人用热闹填补空虚，优秀的人那么以独处成就自己。番羽译： Ordinary persons fill the void with excite

8、ment, yet these excellent ones accomplish themselves by solitude. 或： Ordinary persons fill the void with excitement. By contrast, these excellent ones accomplish themselves by solitude.罗曼罗兰曾经说过，做错事才能长见识，所以人生应当做错一些事情。番羽译： Romain Rolland once said, you learn by doing wrong so you should do something w

9、rong in life.或： Romain Rolland once said,“ you learn by doing wrong. As a consequence, you should do something wrong in life. ” 人们都在人生的苦难中挣扎，有些浴火重生，有些却粉身碎骨。翻译：People are all struggling in life. Some rise from the ashes, while others fall to pieces.或：People are all struggling in life .Some rise from

10、the ashes, and nonetheless, others fall to pieces.在考研写作中，使用副词和介词短语这样的逻辑关系词显然比使用那些常见的并列连词好多了，但是写成这样，并不能拿到高分。学完后面的修饰成分，加上定语、状语，句子就更有水平了，才有可能真正拿到 高分。 举例第三节并列句的考点分析描述图片： A man looking rather dim and gloomy is saying It is over. On the contrary, the other man who is preparing to pick up the bottle is cla

11、iming n Luckily, there is a little left*1 with a positive attitude.描述图片：In the right place crouches a seemingly exhausted adult with a depressed look, saying , nI am tired so I want to give up. While in the left stands an energetic adult, who is smiling to his company and passionately encouraging hi

12、m to continue with the words Dont do that and we will reach the end with a rest1.第三节并列句的考点分析|一、并列句之写作| 赏析以天净沙秋思为例:【中文】枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。直接翻译：【英文】Withered vines, an old tree, a crow at dusk,A small bridge, flowing water, a cottage,An old road, the west wind, a lean horse, Sunset, heart

13、broken people in the end of the world.加入一些逻辑关系词：第三节并列句的考点分析【英文】There, in the distance, are withered vines around an old tree, and a crow is sitting on it at dusk.Not far from it, near a cottage, there exists a small bridge with running water under it.Besides, a lean horse is walking on an ancient pa

14、th in the west wind.Al the moment when the sun is settings heartbroken man is far from home. 举例他爱的人早已经结婚了，他却依然默默地幻想着这份爱情。翻译】The woman he loved has already been married, and however, he still silently fantasizes about this love.不要后悔对别人好，因为你对别人好，不是因为他有多好，而是你够好。番羽译Do not regret being good to others bec

15、ause you are good to others, not as he is good, but you are nice enough.作为兽中之王，狮子象征幸福和好运，所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞。【翻译】As the king of beasts, the lion symbolizes happiness and good luck, and as a result, people usually perform lion dances during the Spring Festival and other festivals. 做一对好父母当然是每一对父母的愿望

16、了，但是关于好父母的定义却无疑是很复杂的.【翻译 1 Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be, but defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very tricky.学习英语不但能让我们更好的了解外国文化而且还能帮住我们和外国人进行流畅的交流。【翻译】Learning English not only allows us to learn more about foreign cultures, but also helps us commu

17、nicate smoothly with foreigners.污染不但使很多孩子患上了不知名的疾病而且更重要的是，使我们失去了纯洁的蓝天。【翻译】Pollution not only causes many children to suffer from unknown diseases, but also more importantly, makes us lose our pure blue sky.青藏铁路大大缩短了其它地方与西藏之间的旅行时间。更重要的是，它极大地促进了西藏的经济开展，改善了当地居民的生活。【翻译】The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has grea

18、tly shortened the travel time between Tibet and other places. Then More importantly, it has greatly promoted the economic development of Tibet and improved the lives of local residents.随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。【翻译】With the improvement of housing conditions, more and more young couple

19、s choose to live apart from their parents .however, they are still in close contact with each other.【解析】前后两句话之间是转折关系，但是我们用了副词however来表达这种关系，没有使用连词。第三节并列句的考点分析二、长难句分析(-)并列句成分的对应.词性的对应He opened the door, walked in and put down his schoolbag.【翻译】他推开门，走了进去，放下了书包。【解析】本句包含连词and连接的三个动作，前两个动作用逗号隔开，在最后一个动作前加

20、and即可。 并且根据对称原那么，连词前后的时态必须一致。第一个动词是opened,是动词的过去式，那么另外两个 动词也必须是动词的过去式，即walked , put。She is a humble and motivated girl.【翻译】她是一个谦虚又上进的女孩。【解析】并列连词and前面是形容词，后面也是形容词We often go fishing as well as swimming.【翻译】人我们经常钓鱼和游泳。【解析】并列连词as well as前面是V.-ing形式，后面也必须是V.-ing形式。.成分对应 My girlfriend is pleased with wha

21、t I have said and all that I have done.【翻译】我女朋友对我说的和我做的都很满意。【解析】由并列连词and连接两个宾语从句，前后结构一致。 It is a big problem for me to be a teacher or to start his own business.【翻译】对我来说当老师或创业都是一个大问题。【解析】it只是形式主语，真正的主语是or并列的两个不定式，这就是成分的对应。(二)并列句中的省略现象.省略的成分省略主语She is poor, but has great ambitions.【翻译】她虽然穷，但有着要远大的志向。

22、【解析】并列连词but连接了两句话，主语都是Sheo连词后的主语与前面的主语一样，此时可以将连词 后的主语省略。省略be动词Its scientists were the worlds best, and its workers the most skilled.第三节并列句的考点分析【翻译】它的科学家是世界上好的，它的工人是世界上熟练的。【解析】并列连词and连接了两句话，这两句话的主语分别是：Its scientists和its workers0并列句前后主 语不同，但谓语动词都是be动词，此时可以将后面句子 的be动词省略。补全即为：Its scientists werethe worl

23、ds best, and its workers were the most skilled.省略主语和谓语The news made John happy but Marry sad.【翻译】这个消息让约翰很开心，但是这个消息却让玛丽很伤心。【解析】并列连词是but,并列句要求对称，但是but后面只有宾语 Marry和宾语补足语sad,连词后的主谓 应和前面一致，很明显，这句话后面省略了主谓The news made。省略重复的其它内容Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receiv

24、e is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.【翻译】与此同时，这项政策并不能确保学生得到的家庭作业是有意义的或适合他们的年龄和科耳，也不 能确保老师布置的作业超过了他们愿意复习和改正的程度。.如何查找省略的内容省略的均为并列连词后的内容并列连词后的成分，其前通常有并列连词前有，而后无的成分 举例These kinds of books are read

25、 and those .【解析】如果直接翻译这句话，那就是：有人读了这些书并且那些。补充上省略内容，完整句子是：These kinds of books are read and those kinds of books are read .【翻译】有人读了这些书，有人读了那些书。 练习There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.【分析】第三节并列句的考点分析【翻译】Darwin was

26、 convinced that the loss of these tastes for pictures or music was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.【分析】【翻译】(3) As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.【分析】【翻译】Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected