2022-2023学年上海中学高三下学期第一次联考英语试卷含解析

1、2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角条形码粘贴处。2作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试题卷上。3非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答

2、题卡一并交回。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1Ken, _, but the music you are enjoying is too loud.Oh, Im terribly sorry. Ill turn it down on the spot.AI am really tired of this BI need your helpCId like to talk with you DI hate to say this2This January will be very precious for us by which time we _ reviewing Se

3、nior Book I.Awill finishBwill have finishedChave finishedDwill be finished3There are various things on sale, so you can choose _ interests you.AwhoeverBno matter whoCwhateverDno matter what4Whether to favor urban development or the preservation of historical sites is especially controversial in Chin

4、a, where there exists rich history, diversified tradition and cultural _.AsurplusBdepositsCaccountsDreceipts5It is clearly stated that these regulations _ everyone in the community, without exception.Aappeal toBadapt toCapply toDattach to6We believe _ you have been devoted to _ naturally of great ne

5、cessity.Athat; beingBall that; beCthat all; areDwhat; is7If she _ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.Ahad beenBwereCwould beDwas8When _ questions in class, one should answer them as clearly as possible.AaskingBto askCto be askedDasked9In the virtual labora

6、tory environment created in the VR app, students can _ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.Areveal BreserveCpreview Dprovide10Mum, is the pair of gloves _ mine?Yes. You have to wear another pair.AwashingBhave washedCbeing washedDhaving washed11The majority of new businesses fail

7、because, _ they have a product or service that fills a gap in the market, they usually lack the skills in sales, marketing, and administration.Anow that Beven ifCas long as Das though12John _ an NBA playoff game on TV now.A watches B watched C will watch D is watching13 carefully for long time,the o

8、pening ceremony won a great success.AHaving prepared BTo be prepared CBeing prepared DHaving been prepared14It is broadcast on TV that the 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatre seats an audience of approximately 4, 000.AwhereBwhoseCwhichDwhen15_ makes our school famous is _ more than

9、 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.AWhat; thatBThat; becauseCThat; whatDWhat; because16The hall of the school can one thousand people.AsitBseatCbe satDbe seated17How come? I cant find my key. I just left it _ it had been.AwhereBwhichCwhenDhow18His dream was _ a photo studio that

10、 could transport people back to the past.Aopening BopenedCto open Dopen19Not having worked out the program, _ leave the office. Aso he was forbidden to Band he didnt want toChis little son couldnt make him Dbe couldnt free himself to20A teachers job is not to tell the students what to believe or val

11、ue, but to _ them to develop a worldview for themselves.AurgeBequipCpersuadeDrank第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）People and animals often enjoy loving relationships with each other. When people adopt domesticated(家养的) animals into their families as pets, animals give humans th

12、e blessings of companionship and fun in return. In the wild, animals sometimes carry out dramatic rescues of people in dangerous situations, miraculously(奇迹般地) sensing human needs and jumping in without fear to help.In 2000, a 6-year-old boy named Elian Conzalez left Cuba on a boat bound for Florida

13、 in the United States, but the boat sank and everyone aboard drowned except for Elian and two adults. Elian and the other two survivors held onto inner tuber for 48 hours to try to stay afloat in the sea. After a while, however, Elian began to lose strength, slipping under the water and then grabbin

14、g the tube again as he fought to stay alive.A small group of dolphins noticed Elian struggling and swan over to him to help. The dolphins formed a circle around the inner tube and took turns using their noses to lift Elian until fishermen working in the area discovered and rescued Elian and the two

15、adults who floated nearby. The fishermen reported that, when they discovered Elian, he was repeating a prayer that his mother had taught him before drowning, asking guardian angels to protect him.Miraculously, the dolphins knew that a child would need more help than adults, so they focused on Elian

16、and they figured out exactly what needed to be done and cooperated carry out that plan successfully. They made it!1、Why did Elian slip off the tube?AHe was tired out.BThe dolphins helped him.CThe two adults pushed him.DThe tube was too smooth to grab.2、How did the dolphins save Elian Conzalez?AThey

17、informed the fishermen.BThey formed a circle around him.CThey supported the inner tube by turns.DThey stopped Elian slipping under the water.3、Which of the following words can be used to describe Elian Gonzalez?AConfident and strong.BDetermined and lucky.CFriendly and optimistic.DAdaptable and aggre

18、ssive.4、Which could be the best title?APrayer Doing WonderBElians Narrow EscapeCThe Dolphins Who Rescued ElianDAnimals: Human Beings Angels22（8分） It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody

19、 knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to gi

20、ve up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and cal

21、m so necessary in modern traffic condition. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the

22、street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may be not able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies (奶奶).An experienced

23、 driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers cant even learn to drive. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the

24、car ownership would demand moregive-and-takefrom all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1、According to the passage, trouble on the road are often caused by _.Aroad conditionsBthe speed of modern lifeCthe large number of carDthe behavior of the drivers2、In the wri

25、ters opinion, _.Adrivers should show road politeness properlyBstrict traffic rules are badly neededCunskillful drivers should be punishedDdrivers should avoid traffic jams3、The underlined word “give-and-take” in the passage means _.Apoliteness and impolitenessBwillingness to give in to each others w

26、ishesCoffering help to others as much as possibleDgood manners and bad manners4、What is the best title of the passage?ARoad PolitenessBTraffic ProblemsCBad Manners on the RoadDGood Drivers and Bad Driver23（8分）“Its really a breakthrough,” said British scientist Guillem about the discovery of a planet

27、 “more or less” like Earth that is orbiting Proxima Centauri, the star nearest to our solar system.Proxima b, or “Earth II”as you could call it , is a lttle bigger than our Earth, and its years only take 11days. Also, since it is so much closer to its red dwarf (矮小的) star than we are to the sun, the

28、 sky on its world is orange without any blue at all, creating a forever sunset effect.There are a lot of questions for life forms that could live on this new planet. As the Chicago Tribune wrote: “Do you have poetry? Superheroes? Television? Diets? Mean bosses? Do you have any interest in visiting o

29、ther worlds? If so, put Earth on your Must See list. ”The discovery of the planet made us wonder if anyone had seen or heard of the space postcards from Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11space probes (探测器), sent up into space in 1972 and the next year. Together with the probes were pictures of a man and a wo

30、man, along with diagrams of the solar system. Gold records were sent up into space on Voyager probes in 1977. If aliens (外星人) on Proxima b had played the record , they would have found human voices and pictures that showed the rich diversity of Earth.It might not be time to plan a visit to Proxima b

31、 just yeteven if it has an atmosphereas first , we would need to invent a way to get there in less than the 78,000 years it would take at 36,000 mph. “Proxima b looks to us like a promising Plan(et) B, just in case things go really south on this blue planet. ” the Chicago Tribune wrote.1、What do we

32、know about Proxima b?AIt has an orange sky.BIt is closer to the sun.CIt has no sunrise.DIt is as large as Earth.2、What could be found on the gold records sent up by Voyager probes in 1977?APictures of a couple.BMaps of the solar system.CRecorded sounds.DSeveral postcards.3、What does the underlined s

33、entence in the last paragraph probably mean?AEarth moves to the south.BProxima b gets closer to Earth.CSituation changes favorably.DConditions on Earth get worse.4、What was the attitude of the Chicago Tribune towards the discovery of the planet?AExcited.BWorried.CUninterested.DProud.24（8分）Amyotrophi

34、c lateral sclerosis, more commonly known as ALS, affects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord (脊髓) that make the muscles of both the upper and lower body work.Those nerve cells lose their ability to control muscle movement, which leads to paralysis (瘫痪) and death. Its most famous sufferer wa

35、s famed physicist Stephen Hawking, who died on March 14, 2018 at the age of 76.Hawking, diagnosed with the condition in 1963, lived with it for more than 50 years a remarkably long time for an ALS sufferer. The disease left him paralyzed and completely dependent on others and technology for everythi

36、ng: bathing, dressing, eating, mobility and speech. He was able to move only a few fingers on one hand.“I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many,” he wrote on his website.“I have been lucky t

37、hat my condition has progressed more slowly than is often the case. But it shows that one need not lose hope.”Hawkings life, including his battle with ALS, was made into a 2014 biopic, The Theory of Everything, starring Eddie Redmayne.The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that 20,00

38、0 to 30,000 people have ALS in the United States, with about 5,000 new cases diagnosed every year. People usually find out that they have it between 55 and 75 years of age. On average, patients live two to five years after symptoms develop.For reasons not yet understood, military veterans are twice

39、as likely to be diagnosed with ALS as the general public, according to the ALS Association. Scientists have been studying many factors that could be linked with ALS, such as heredity (遗传) and environmental exposures.1、According to the text, ALS .Ais linked with climate changesBleads to death in one

40、or two yearsCaffects the nerve cells all over the bodyDmakes people lose control of muscle movement2、From the text we can infer that Hawking .Adied of an unknown diseaseBlived with ALS for 55 yearsCfelt desperate in his last yearsDwas paralyzed due to poor treatment3、What is the situation of ALS in

41、the US?AOver 30,000 people suffer from ALS.BALS is usually found among the elderly people.CPatients often enjoy a long lifespan despite ALS.DMore and more new cases are reported every year.4、What is the text mainly about?AThe symptoms and possible cures of ALS.BA biographical film about Stephen Hawk

42、ing.CA general introduction of the disease of ALS.DLife of the famous physicist, Stephen Hawking.25（10分）For months fish that live in dark caves in Mexico go without food. They have gone far longer- thousands of years-without light, evolving to lose their eyes and skin pigments（色素）.Now researchers ha

43、ve discovered these strange creatures have another oddity. They survive their food-scarce environment, the fish have evolved extreme ways of turning nutrients into energy. These features create symptoms like large blood sugar swings that, in humans, are predictors of type 2 diabetes. But in the fish

44、 these changes are adaptations, not a disease. These cave fish lead log and healthy lives.Understanding how the fish remain healthy in spite of these symptoms may lead to new approaches for treating diabetes in people, says Cliff Tabin, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School. He and his colleagues a

45、re beginning to get clues about how cave fish survive the symptoms.In humans and other mammals, one of the first signs of type 2 diabetes risk is poor control of Wood sugar (glucose). This happens because cells resist insulin, the hormone that signals cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. I

46、f the problems continue, they progress into full-blown diabetes. The illness kills 3.4 million people worldwide every year, but current treatments often do not work.The cave fish has, apparently, figured out another solution. The fish were washed from rivers into caves about a million years ago. It

47、was a big change. Rivers were full of food but caves have only what is washed in by seasonal floods.Because cave fish go many months without food, researchers assumed they evolved a metabolism(新陈代谢）that efficiently stores the calories in a similar way animals store fat before winter. To test that id

48、ea, they compared the cave fish with the river fish raised under same conditions in the lab. They found the cave fish do store more visceral fat than river fish. But the cave fish also had much larger, fatty livers, which resembled diabetes-linked fatty liver disease in humans. “But you dont see des

49、truction of the liver in these guys.” Tabin says. “Its very curious.”Cave fish researchers are now working to find out how the fish do it. “The only piece of total evidence is that the metabolic rate is lower in the cave fish than in their river fish relatives.” says Alex Keene of Florida Atlantic U

50、niversity. There might be something about slow energy use in cells that protects against diabetes. he says, “Finding that something will, like fishing, require some patience.”1、What interests researchers most in the cave fish is that .Athey have evolved to lose their eyes and skin pigmentsBthey have

51、 evolved ways of turning nutrients into energyCthey have experienced no symptoms of diabetes in humansDthey have survived from symptoms of diabetes in humans2、It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that .Ainsulin disturbs the control of blood sugarBinsulin takes in glucose from the bloodstreamCinsulin p

52、revents the rise of blood sugarDinsulin lends to progress into full-blown diabetes3、Researchers study the metabolism in the cave fish mainly by .Atesting the efficiency of storing fat inside themBcomparing their fat amount with that in the river fishCcomparing their fatty livers with those of humans

53、Dobserving their livers storing fat with no destruction4、It can be concluded that the features of the cave fish .Ahave enabled researchers to find out new ways to treat diabetesBhave inspired researchers about new treatments for diabetesChave brought in many new ideas about how to treat diabetesDwil

54、l be used as a treatment for diabetes in the near future第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项26（30分）This was my grandmothers first Christmas without grandfather, and before he passed away we had promised grandfather that we would make this her best Christmas e

55、ver. When my parents and I 1 at her house, we found she had waited up all night for us. The house did seem a little 2 without grandfather.Grandfather had always said that the Christmas 3 was the most important decoration of all. So we immediately set to work on the beautiful artificial tree that was

56、 stored in grandfathers closet (壁橱). Through our efforts, we finally stepped back to 4 our handiwork. It looked beautiful. 5 something was missing. Where s your star? I asked. The star was my grandmother s favorite part of the tree.Why, it 6 be here somewhere, she said, starting to sort through the

57、boxes again. Your grandfather always 7 everything so carefully when he took the tree down.As we emptied the boxes and 8 no star, my grandmothers eyes filled with tears. Grandfather had given it to grandmother some fifty years ago on their first Christmas together. It brought them great happiness. No

58、w, on her first Christmas without him, the star was 9 , too.Don t worry, Grandmother, I 10 her. Well find it for you.My mother and I formed a search 11 Let s start in on the closet where the ornaments (装饰品) were, Mother said. Maybe the star just fell out of the box. That sounded 12 , so I began to s

59、earch the closet. I thought I tried every 13 , but no star. I could see grandmother was 14 , although she tried not to show it.Whats in this wrapped box? Mother suddenly called out. It was at the bottom of fathers closet. Grandmother took the box in 15 and opened it. Her face 16 when she unfolded th

60、e paper and pulled out a golden star. There was a(n) 17 attached.Don t be angry with me, dear. I broke your star while packing the decorations, and I couldnt 18 to tell you. Thought it was time for a new one. I hope it brings you as much 19 as the first one. Merry Christmas!Love, BryantSo grandmothe