2019-2021年三年高考英语真题及解析

1、2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)英语注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。选择题答案速填123456789101112131415BABCACBACCBACAB161718192021222324252627282930ACBACBDDBAACDCB313233343536373839404142434445DCABAEAGC

2、DDCCBA464748495051525354555657585960CDCABDABDACBDAB第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A19.15 B9.18.C9.15.答案是C。1Where does this conversation

3、take place?AIn a classroom.BIn a hospital.CIn a museum.2What does Jack want to do?ATake fitness classes.BBuy a pair of gym shoes.CChange his work schedule.3What are the speakers talking about?AWhat to drink.BWhere to meet.CWhen to leave.4What is the relationship between the speakers?AColleagues.BCla

4、ssmates.CStrangers.5Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?AShe might want a ticket.BShe is looking for the man.CShe has an extra ticket.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6How long d

5、id James run his business?A10 years.B13 years.C15 years.7How does the woman feel about James situation?AEmbarrassed.BConcerned.CDisappointed.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8What has Kates mother decided to do?AReturn to school.BChange her job.CRetire from work.9What did Kates mother study at college?AOil painting.

6、BArt history.CBusiness administration.10What is Kates attitude toward her mothers decision?ADisapproving.BAmbiguous.CUnderstanding.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11What is the man doing?AChairing a meeting.BHosting a radio program.CConducting a job interview.12What benefits Mary most in her job?AHer wide reading.

7、BHer leaders guidance.CHer friends help.13Who will Mary talk about next?AHer teacher.BHer father.CHer mother.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14Why does the man seldom do exercise?AHe lacks motivation.BHe has a heart problem.CHe works all the time.15What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do?AHes an athlete.BHes a rese

8、archer.CHes a journalist.16Why does the woman speak of a study?ATo encourage the man.BTo recommend an exercise.CTo support her findings.17How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly?A300 minutes.B150 minutes.C75 minutes.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18What did the scientists do to the road?AThey

9、 repaired it.BThey painted it.CThey blocked it.19Why are young birds drawn to the road surface?AIts warm.BIts brown.CIts smooth.20What is the purpose of the scientists experiment?ATo keep the birds there for a whole year.BTo help students study the birds well.CTo prevent the birds from being killed.

10、第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANeed a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student？Go to the government website

11、 to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills，find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province，you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program，which provides eight weeks of paid employment

12、 along with training.Who is eligible：Youth 1518 years old in select communities(社区)Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible：Students aged 1529，returning to school in the fall.

13、Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource managemant projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机

14、会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program，students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service，its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible：Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for

15、persons with a disability.【语篇解读】主题：人与自我(做人与做事)；话题：暑期工作公告。本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了省政府及其合作者提供的面向学生的四则暑期工作公告。21What is special about Summer Company?AIt requires no training before employment.BIt provides awards for running new businesses. CIt allows one to work in the natural environment.DIt offers more summer j

16、ob opportunities.B细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Summer Company可直接定位到第二则暑期工作公告，而且浏览四则暑期工作公告可以发现，只有Summer Company的介绍里提到了awards (奖励)以及$ 3，000这样的字眼，由此可知Summer Company的特别之处在于B项“它为经营新业务提供奖励”。22What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A1518.B1524. C1529.D1617.D细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Stewardship Youth Ra

17、nger Program可直接定位到第三则暑期工作公告。根据本部分中的关键信息句“Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，这个项目的年龄要求是16岁或17岁，且在今年12月31日前不能满18岁，故选D项“16至17岁”。23Which program favors the disabled?AJobs for Youth.BSummer Company.CStewardship Youth Ranger Program.DSummer Employmen

18、t Opportunities.D细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词the disabled(残疾人)可直接定位到最后一则暑期工作公告中的persons with a disability，两者属于典型的同义词替换，故选D项。这个项目对残疾人在年龄方面给予了特别照顾。方法技巧细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，可在文中找到答案，但往往与原文中的语句并不完全相同，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。在本题中，我们可以由题干中的the disabled定位到persons with a disability，从而迅速锁定答案，提高正确率和答题效率。练后拾词deadline n截止日期depend on 取

19、决于available adj.可获得的handson adj.实际操作的长难句分析If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province，you could be eligible for this program，which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.如果你是居住在该省某些地区的青少年，你就有资格参加这个项目，它提供八周的带薪就业和培训。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句，从句中living in certain p

20、arts of the province是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a teenager。which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰this program。BFor Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue，N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.The 8yearold is the joker of the class.With

21、shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should.should.”Chris trips on the “ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“.Vote

22、for.me.”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants，Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year，when

23、called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student，”Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as the

24、ir new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of the secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the proj

25、ect is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”【语篇解读】主题：人与自我(生活与学习)；话题：增强自信。本文是

26、一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师Whaley通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。24What made Chris nervous?ATelling a story.BMaking a speech.CTaking a test.DAnswering a question.B细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词nervous可定位到第二段第一句，然后应到前文中找使他紧张的因素。根据第一段中的“.today is speech day，and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.”和“.he seems like the kind of kid who would

27、 enjoy public speaking.”可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了Chris，虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使Chris紧张。25What does the underlined word“stumbles” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AImproper pauses.BBad manners. CSpelling mistakes.DSilly jokes.A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“you should.should.”以及“.Vote for.me.”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当

28、的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except for的语意相呼应。注意：高考阅读中的熟词生义现象非常关键，例如，如果能够注意到第二段第三句中的trips一词在此语境中的特殊意义(意为“绊倒”)则有助于快速解答此题。26We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare students for their futu

29、re jobsDinspire students love for politicsA推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”可知，Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，他还希望学生学会自夸。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。易错项分析B项颠倒是非，根据倒数第二段最后两句可知

30、，“评估学生的公开演讲技巧”不是其目的。C、D两项曲解文意，这个项目虽然借助了“系统竞选”的形式，但文章中对其目的的描述并没有涉及“使学生为他们将来的工作作准备”以及“激发学生对政治的热爱”。27Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?AHumorous.BAmbitious.CCaring.DDemanding.C推理判断题。文章介绍了Whaley老师通过创办“总统竞选项目”，组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信。根据第二段中的“His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispe

31、ring support.”和“.Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.”等细节也可看出Whaley老师是一个关心学生的老师。方法技巧推理判断题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过逻辑关系和细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等能力。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，我们应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的生活常识进行分析、推理和判断。例如，本题我们就要根据全文主旨以及对Whaley老师的细节动作描写，并结合我们生活中具备此品质特点的人是什么样的来合理地总结推断

32、。练后拾词stumble vi.&n.(朗读或说话时)结巴；绊脚bring.to a conclusion使结束immigrant n(外来)移民campaign n运动，活动quality n素质，品德长难句分析Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.有一天，惠利问孩子们，如果他们认为自己

33、永远成不了总统的话就举手，于是他想到了这个二年级的总统竞选项目。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。when至句末是when引导的时间状语从句，从句中又含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private espaces.At present，these technologies are still e

34、xpensive，though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong l

35、ayer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples indentities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of wheth

36、er someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart

37、keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike parts.The team hopes to ma

38、ke it to market in the near future.【语篇解读】主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：智能键盘。本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。28Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?ATo reduce pressure on keys.BTo improve accuracy in typing.CTo replace the password system.DTo cut the cost of espace prote

39、ction.D推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.”以及第一段最后一句“At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop与come up with是同义词，

40、expensive 与lowcost是反义词，cut the cost与lowcost相呼应。29What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?AComputers are much easier to operate.BFingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.CTyping patterns vary from person to person.DData security measures are guaranteed.C推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能

41、”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities.”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。30What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?AItll be environmentfriendly.BI

42、tll reach consumers soon.CItll be made of plastics.DItll help speed up typing.B细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应，答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。易错项分析A项“它将是环保的”属于无中生有。C项最易误选，因为文章倒数第二句提到了i

43、s mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike parts(智能键盘大部分是用廉价的、塑料类的零件做成的)，有些考生可能会因为文中提到了plastic一词就想当然地选C项。这是考生常犯的错误：只见树木，不见森林。D项也是无中生有，原文没有提及“提高打字速度”。另外注意：该题与29题都有一个特点，那就是，对题干中的关键词是否理解到位直接决定了考生能否定位到原文中的关键句子。也就是说，对29题题干中的make.possible这一结构的理解以及对30题题干中的expect这一词的理解都很关键。31Where is this text most likely fro

44、m?AA diary.BA guidebook.CA novel.DA magazine.D文章出处题。根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device.”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，lowcost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。方法技巧文章出处题是兼有主旨大意题和推理判断题特点的题型，主要考查考生根据文章前后逻辑关系和细节暗示，总结文章大意并推断文章出处的能力。这也属于主观性较强的高层次阅读

45、理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。例如，本题我们就要从全文的话题以及文中的关键词researchers，lowcost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。练后拾词theft n偷窃get around 克服(困难或问题)precisely adv.精确地，准确地layer n层次by extension 引申，再则participant n参加者commercialize vt.使商业化长难句分析Thus，the keyboard can determine peop

46、les identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.因此，这种键盘能够确定人们的身份，进而确定他们是否应该被授予权限使用所连接的计算机不管他们是否输入了正确的密码。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。whether they should be given access to至句末是whether引导的宾语从句，作determine的宾语；its c

47、onnected to是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the computer；whether someone gets the password right是whether引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。DDuring the rosy years of elementary school(小学)，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens

48、and teens，and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes，breaking rules and playing jokes on others，among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein，a professor of clinical psychology sorts t

49、he popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers.The likables playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships，jumpstart interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：

50、status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed，Dr.Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school，as well as those least liked in elementary school，are“most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky beha

51、vior.”In one study，Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents，scoring the least liked，the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究)“We found that the least wellliked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had thos

52、e who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment，high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing，kindness，opennesscarry over to later years and make y

53、ou better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes，but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of

54、 life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，”he said.【语篇解读】主题：人与社会(人际沟通)；话题：青少年心理健康。本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题。该语篇视角独特，积极倡导和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。32What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?AUnkind.BLonely. CGenerous.DCool.C推理判断题。根据题干中的

55、关键词early years of elementary school可定位到第一段第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes.”，根据句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。注意不要受本段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选A项，因为那是作者青少年时期的情况。33What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe classification of the popular.BThe char

56、acteristics of adolescents.CThe importance of interpersonal skills.DThe causes of dishonorable behavior.A段落大意题。根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式特点(句中有冒号)，可暂时断定第二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分别用The likables.和Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence.引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时我们发现本段第二句中的关键词o.(把分成)与A项

57、中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。易错项分析B项以偏概全，只关注了本段的一个共键词adolescence。C项以偏概全，只关注了本段的interpersonal skills。D项以偏概全，只关注了本段的dishonorable behavior。这三个错误选项都没有从整体上准确概括本段的大意。34What did Dr.Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?AThey appeared to be aggressive.BThey tended to be more adaptable.CThey en

58、joyed the highest status.DThey performed well academically.B推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment”可知，Dr.Prinstein的研究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。35What is the best title for the text?ABe NiceYou Wont Finish LastBThe Higher the

59、Status，the BetterCBe the BestYou Can Make ItDMore SelfControl，Less AggressivenessA标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极的人生结果有关，因此A项作为标题最合适。注意A项中的be nice与likability，popularity，kindness等词相呼应。be NiceYou Wont Finish Last.从意义上类似于汉语的“与人为善，于己为善”。这里的finish本义是“获得(名次)；排名”。方法技巧标题归纳题常见干扰项类型：以偏概全干扰项只阐述了文章的局部信息；断章取义干扰项是文章中的个

60、别信息或个别字眼，或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点，比如本题的B项(status成了全文的词眼就偏了，也就错了)；主题扩大干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所表述的内容；张冠李戴命题者有意把属于A的特征改在B的身上；无中生有或似是而非有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析之后会发现这些内容与文章毫无联系，比如本题的C项(be the best“做最好的自己”与本文词眼likable并不是一个概念)，还有D项(selfcontrol“自制力”属于无中生有，原文中未提及)。练后拾词status n地位，身份mean adj.刻薄的category n种类jumpsta