专题三：动词和动词短语

1、专题三 动词和动词短语考点一：动词分类一）、表示“使/让”概念的动词 这类动词常见的有have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,force,cause等.它们后边分别可跟不定式，分词，形容词、介词短语，名词等作宾语补足语。 如： I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.对不起，让你久等了。 二）、不定式做宾补，不定式符号可以省略的动词 常见的有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,look at等感官动词及表示使役概念 的have,let,

2、mak等。这类词在变为被动语态时，其后不定式符号to通常要补出。如： We are made to work far into the night.我们被迫干活到深夜。注：在这种结构中，watch，have,let一般不变为被动语态。如： The boy was watched to come out。(错误）三）、不定式作宾语补足语、其后内容省略而只保留不定式符号的动词。此类动词常见的有refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love,plan, try, prefer,wish等。如：-Why did you cause t

3、he baby cry?-I didnt mean to.四)、引导宾语从句、虚拟预期的动词。这类动词在引导宾语从句时为should+动词原形，should可以省略，这类动词有order,demand,suggest,insist,require,advise,decide,propose等。如： He ordered that we should do it at once.他要求我们立即完成这项工作。 He advised we should do more speaking practicing in order to improve our English.他建议我们要想提高英语水平应

4、多练习说话。五)、形主动、意义被动的词。常见的有work,open,close,write,cut,look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等。此类词的主语常为“物”而不是“人”。而且还常与表特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well,easily,long等连用。如： The clothing sells well. This kind of fruit can keep long.六)、行为动词充当系动词。这类动词不能单独构成动词词组，其后须带有表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式，V-ing，V-ed）构成系表结构， 常见的有feel, sound, t

5、aste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。如： It sounded like a train that was going under my house.听起来，象有火车在楼下飞驰而过。 Keep fit,study hard and wok well.身体好，学习好，工作好。七)、只接名词作宾语的动词。此类动词常见的有: appreciate,advice,suggest, compete, finish,consider,enjoy,imagine,mind

6、,miss,practice,keep,delay,risk,excuse,resist,avoid,escape,admit,forgive, permit,require,prevent,pardon,allow等。如： I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.我非常钦佩她献身教育的精神。 Do you mind my asking a question?我问你一个问题你不介意吧？八)、既可接现在分词又可接过去分词作宾补的动词。此类动词常见的有：get,keep,have,leave,find,see,noti

7、ce,hear等。如： The two cheats had the lights burning all night long. Yesterday XiaoMing had his hair cut,I hardly recognized him.九)、同一词语用作及物动词与不及物动词。此类动词的及物与不及物用法是有区别的，常见的有；work,wait/wait，for,lie/lay,raise/rise,sit/seat,serve等。如： If you have any question to ask in class,you can raise your hands.课堂上有什么问

8、题可以举手发问。 The sun rising,we started out.太阳升起来了，我们便开始上路。十).可用于“动词+ sb+ of+ doing sth”结构的常用动词有：accuse,cheat,convince,cure,inform,remind,rid,rob,suspect,warn.十一).可用于“动词+ sb+ for+ doing sth”结构的常用动词有：blame,criticize,forgive,excuse,pardon,punish,sold,thank, praise.考点二 高频动词短语1.常考动词构成的动词短语。breakbreak away fr

9、om 脱离 打破break down 坏掉 （谈判等）失败 （使）垮掉 把.分类break in 打断（谈话） 闯入break into破门而入 突然.起来break off 中止 中断 打断 折断break out（战争 火灾 疫病等）突然爆发break through 冲破 突破break up破碎 （关系等）破裂 驱散 （被）分解bringbring about带来 导致 引起bring along把.带来bring back归还bring down使倒下 降低 减少bring in引入 引进 赚得bring on 使前进 使出现bring out 使呈现 使表现出 说出 阐明 出版 推

10、出bring up教育 培养 提出 呕吐bring (back) sb / sth to life使生动 复生callcall back回电话 再打电话call for要求 （去某处）接人或物call in 叫某人进入 邀请 找来call off 取消 停止进行call on / upon拜见 呼吁 号召call out 大声叫 叫/请出来call over 叫（某人）来call together召集call up打电话 使回忆起 征召comecome about发生 产生come across（偶然）遇见 碰上 被理解come along快点 一道去 进展come back回来 折回 在记忆

11、中重现come by（从旁）经过come forward站出来come down下来 下降come from来自 出身于come in进来 到达come off离开 脱落come on 来吧 进展 成长 发生come out出来 被出版come over 过来 顺便来访come round 来 前来come through到来come to结果达到 共计 归结为come to oneself恢复自制力come true变为现实come up 上来 走上前 （从土中）长出 被提出come up with追上 赶上 想出（主意） 找出（答案）come into being存在come to pow

12、er当权 上台come to an end结束come to life 活跃起来cutcut down砍倒/伤/死 削减 缩短cut in插嘴 打断cut off切掉 割掉 删去 切断cut out切掉 割掉 删掉cut through刺穿 凿穿 剪短cut up切碎 割碎 剪碎getget about / around / round走动 旅行 （消息 谣言等）传开来get across使通过 被理解 （把.）讲清楚get along / on with过活 生活 相处融洽 进展get at发现 到达get away （from）离开 出发get away with（侥幸）做成 偷走get

13、back回来 恢复 取回get down（从.）下来 下车 写下 使沮丧get down to 开始认真对待 开始认真考虑get in 进入 收获 播（话） 为.安排时间get into进入 陷入 染上（习惯）get off下车 脱下 （使）动身 （飞机）起飞 get on（使）上车（或马等） 穿上 接近get out（使）出去 离开 逃脱get over 越过（墙等） 克服（困难 偏见等） 从.中恢复过来get round规避 说服 争取（某人）get through到达 办完 花光（钱 时间等） （使）通过 打通（电话）get to到达 开始 着手处理get together聚集 收集 积

14、累get up（使）起床 （使）起立 达到 赶上get close to 接近 靠近get in touch with与取得联系get rid of摆脱get in a word插话get on ones feet站起来givegive away送掉 分发（奖品等） 放弃（机会等） 泄露（秘密等）give back（归）还 使返回 恢复give in屈服 让步give off发出（光 热 声音 气味等）give out分发 发出（光 热 声音 气体等） 发表 公布 耗尽 精疲力竭give up放弃give birth to 生孩子give way to 屈服 让步 让先行 让自己陷入某种情绪g

15、ogo about从事go after追求 追逐go against反对 不利于 违反go ahead前进 可以 往下说go away走开go back回去 回忆起go by走过 过去go down下去 下沉 落下 平静下来 下降go for为.去 去请 努力获取 对适用go home回家go in for从事 参加go into进入 加入 调查go off离去 去世 消失go on 发生 进行 （时间等)过去 （灯)亮go out出去 （灯火等）熄灭go over仔细检查 温习go round / around 四处走动 绕道走 （病 消息等）流传go through经历 仔细检查 浏览 做

16、完（工作等） （提案等）被通过 穿过go up 上升 增长go with伴随 与.相配 go wrong出毛病go all out for全力以赴做 鼓足干劲做holdhold back阻止hold on坚持 等一等（别挂断电话）hold ones head high昂首 趾高气扬hold out伸出hold up举起 阻挡 停顿hold ones brealth摒住呼吸makemake .into把.做成make out理解make up组成 构成 编写 编造 弥补 化妆 打扮make up formake it 成功 做到 赶上be made from / of由.制成be made in

17、在.制造be made up of由.组成 由.构成make a life 习惯于新的生活方式 工作等make of 了解 理解make fun of取笑make ones way前往make sense有意义make up ones mind下定决心make a difference起作用 有影响make a face / promise / fire / noise做鬼脸 承诺 生火 制造噪音make friends with与交朋友make ends meet使收支相抵 量入为出make an impression on 对.产生印象make sure /certain 确保make c

18、lear / plain 明确make ones living谋生make the best / most of 充分利用putput an end / a stop to结束 完成put (.)aside放在一边put before/above把看得比重要put by存钱以备未来之需put down写下 放下 镇压put away把.收起 放好 储存.备用 处理掉 抛弃 放弃put forward提出 推荐 把（时针等）向前拨put into把.放进 把.翻译成put off延期 推迟put on穿上 戴上 上演（戏剧等）增加put on weightput out伸出 熄灭 灭掉put s

19、b in prison将某人投入监狱put sth right将某事搞正确put together加在一起 汇总put up公布 张贴 举起 抬起 建造 搭建put up with忍受 经受taketake action/ measures / steps采取行动take advantage of利用take away带走 拿走take along随身带着take.apart拆开take back带回 收回take by surprise使吃惊 出其不意地攻击take care 小心take care of照顾take control of控制 掌管take down拿下 记下take for

20、 example以为例take for granted认为理所当然take hold of抓住take in吸入 理解 欺骗take it easy别着急 放轻松take notice of关注take off脱下（衣 帽等）；（飞机等）起飞； （经济等）腾飞take on 呈现 take out取出 拿出take a risk / risks冒险take a chance冒险 碰运气take ones time不着急take ones seat就座take part in参加take place发生 举行take the lead带头 领先take the place of取代take tu

21、rns轮流take up拿起 开始（从事） 占去 把.接下去turnturn around转身turn away把.转过去 把.打发走turn down关小 调低 拒绝turn in 交出 上缴turn into将.变成turn off关（水 煤气或电灯等）turn on 开（水 煤气或电灯等）turn out制造出，培养出，原来（是），证明（是）turn over（使）翻滚；（使）翻到；翻过（书页）；移交turn to 转向 求助于turn up到达 出现 开大（灯火，煤气等） 卷起by turns轮流 交替in turn依次 轮流 反过来 转而take turns轮流 依次take one

22、s turn该谁做.了2.动词+介词副词构成的动词短语。1)动词与about构成的短语care aboutcome about bring about dream about go about hear about set about think about throw about worry about2）动词与away构成的短语blow awayclear away die away get away give away go away pass away put away run away take away send away turn away wash away 3）动词与back

23、构成的短语bring back call back come back get back give back go back hold back keep back look back move back ring back take back4）动词与down构成的短语break down blow down bring down calm downcome down cut down die down get down go down hand down knock down let down pull down put down set down settle down slow dow

24、n turn down take down5）动词与for构成的短语account for allow for answer for apply for ask for call for care for cater for fall for go for head for leave for long for look for hunt for make for pay for run for seek for stand for search for send for wait for6）动词与in构成的短语break in bring in call in come in crowd i

25、n cut in drop in fill in fit in get in give in hand in join in persist in result in succeed insettle in take in turn in7）动词与of构成的短语approve of consist of complain of die of dream of hear of speak of think of8）动词与off构成的短语break off call off come off cut off die off fall off get off give off go off keep

26、 off leave off knock off pay off put off ring off see off set off show off take off throw off turn off wear off9)动词与on构成的短语bring on build on call on come on comment on carry on center on concentrate on count on depend on feed on focus on go on get on hold on keep on insist on pass on remark onrely o

27、n pull on put on take on throw on try on turn on work ondecide on 10)动词与out构成的短语 seize onblow out block out break out bring out burst out carry out call out come out cut out die out dig out give out drop out dry out fade out figure out fill out find out hand out help out hold out leave out let out live out look out hear out make out mark out point out pick out pull out put out run out send out set out speak out seek out sort out stand out turn out try out take out test out throw out tear out watch out wear out wipe out work out11)动词与over构成的短语come over get ove