高考英语语法分类复习之虚拟语气课件

1、虚拟语气英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。真实条件句与非真实条件句的区别If I have enough money, I will go to the z00 with you.如果我有足够的钱，我就和你一起去动物园。(真实条件句，暗含“我得数一数钱是否够,如果够我就去”。)If I had enough money, I would go t

2、o the 200 with you.如果我有足够的钱，我会和你一起去动物园的。(非真实条件句，暗含“事实上我现在没有足够的钱，没法和你去”。)非真实条件句的虚拟语气非真实条件句表示条件从句假设的动作客观上未发生，只是主观虚拟在这个动作发生的情况下主句动作的反馈。非真实条件句的虚拟语气可分为对现在的虚拟、对过去的虚拟和对将来的虚拟。对现在的虚拟对现在的虚拟表示与现在事实相反的情况，条件从句的谓语动词用过去式，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/ might+动词原形”。If I were ten years younger, I would start all over ag

3、ain.If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.对过去的虚拟对过去的虚拟表示与过去事实相反的情况，条件从句中谓语动词用had done,主句谓语动词用should/ would/ could/ might have done。If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.If you had worked hard, you would have easily passed the final exami

4、nation.对将来的虚拟对将来的虚拟表示与将来事实相反的情况，条件从句中谓语动词可用过去式、“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”，主句谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/might+动词原形”。If I saw/ should see/ were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.If it were/ should be fine tomorrow, I would go on a trip.非真实条件句的虚拟语气当非真实条件句中有should、had或were时，可以省略if,而把should、

5、had或were提至主语前，从句形成部分倒装结构。Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话,我一定 会成功的。Were she my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我的女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。Were it not for.要不是. , Had it not been for., 这两个句型几乎成了固定句式。Were it not for your help, I would never be a good manager. 要不是你的帮

6、助，我永远也成不了一个好经理。Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way. 当时要不是你，我就迷路了。非真实条件句省略if的情况非真实条件句的虚拟语气混合虚拟语气有时非真实条件句谓语动词表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这叫错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气，此时主句与从句谓语动词的形式根据各自发生的时间来确定。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the concert last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上那场音乐会。 (从句说明现在的情况，主句说明过去的情况)If yo

7、u had told me the news yesterday, I wouldnt be so worried now. 如果你昨天告诉我这个消息，我现在就不会这么担心了。 (从句说明过去的情况，主句说明现在的情况)If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in future. 如果你现在犹豫不决,将来你会吃苦头的。 (从句说明现在的情况，主句说明将来的情况) 非真实条件句的虚拟语气含蓄虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些介词短语( without, but for 等)、副词(otherwise)、连词(or、b

8、ut、but that)或上下文中。But for your advice, I would have failed. (= If you hadnt given me advice, I would have failed. ) 如果不是你的建议,我会失败的。Without your help, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway. (= If you hadnt helped me, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.) 没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。Im really busy, otherwise I would cert

9、ainly go with you. 我确实太忙了,不然的话，我一定和你一起去。含有责备及批评语气的虚拟语气should/ought to/ could/might t have+过去分词”表示“过去.而事实.”的虚拟语气，是一种委婉的责备。You are late again. You could have come earlier. 你又来晚了，你本能够早点儿来的。”Youve made a few mistakes. You should have been a little bit more careful. 你犯了几个错误。你本应该更细心点的。I ought to have got

10、a better price for the car but Im not a very good businessman. 那辆汽车我本该讨个更合适的价格，只是我并不大会讨价还价。Is so near. We neednt have taken a taxi. 这么近,我们本没有必要坐出租车的。其他从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气以下两种句型中，主语从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should+ )动词原形”。1. It is/was important/necessary/essential/ impossible/ natural/ unthinkable/ strange/surp

11、rising that. , 或It is/was a rule/a shame/ an honour/a surprise/ no wonder that.It is very important that one (should) master the skills of computer.It is a rule that everyone ( should) obey the laws. 2. It is/was advised/ suggested/ requested/ required/ ordered/ proposed/ decided that.It is advised

12、that one (should) take plenty of boiled water.It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language.其他从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.在wish后的宾语从句中,用-般过去时表示与现在事实相反;用“could/would+动词原形”表示与将来事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反I wish I were ten years younger. I wish I could fly to the moon some day.I wish you had come

13、 to the lecture. 2.在would rather后的宾语从句中,用一般过去时表示与现在或将你跟着我记来事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反Id rather you came tomorrow than today.Id rather we had a rest now. Id rather you hadnt told me about it.其他从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气3.表示“坚持要、建议、命令、要求的动词insist、 demand, require、request, propose, suggest, command, order 等后面的宾语从句中，

14、谓语动词习惯上用“(should+ )动词原形”The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be blown up. My father suggests that I should) take enough sleep before the final examination.He insisted that I should) come to his office at one oclock.这类动词若表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持要”之外的意思时一般不用虚拟语气。The smile on her face suggests that she

15、 agrees with me. 她脸上的笑容表明她同意我的意见。(suggest 表示“暗示，表明”)The boy insisted that he hadnt broken the window. 男孩坚持说他没有打碎窗户。(insist 表示“坚持说，坚决认为”)其他从句中的虚拟语气表语从句中的虚拟语气1.表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”的名词后的表语从句中谓语动词常用“(should+ )动词原形My suggestion is that we (should) get started as soon as possible. 我的建议就是我们应该尽快出发。My advice i

16、s that you (should) quit smoking. 我的建议是你应该戒烟。常见的这类名词有:advice建议 demand要求 order命令 insistence坚持，主张requirement要求 request请求 proposal建议 suggestion建议 command 命令 decision决定其他从句中的虚拟语气表语从句中的虚拟语气2.as if/though引导的表语从句表示与事实相反的情况时也用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时It seems as though it were spring already. 看起来好像已经

17、是春天了一样。(事实上不是)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临! (事实上不是)as if/though也可引导表示事实或很可能是事实的从句,此时从句不用虚拟语气。It seems as if he has no worries. 他似乎没有烦恼。(表示没有烦恼接近事实)It seems as if he had no worries. 他似乎没有烦恼。(表示仿佛没有烦恼，其实有很多)其他从句中的虚拟语气同位语从句中的虚拟语气表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”等的名词后的同位语从句中谓语动词常用“(shoul

18、d+)动词原形”。advice/demand/order/insistence/requirement/request/proposal/suggestion/command/decisionEnglish teachers give advice that we (should) make good use of every chance to speak English. 英语老师们建议我们充分利用每个机会说英语。The order from the commander was that the troops (should) set off for the front immediate

19、ly. 指挥官命令部队立即出发去前线。其他从句中的虚拟语气定语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气可以用于定语从句中，这种用法常见于“It is (high) time (that. ”句型。(that)后的从句中谓语动词一般用过去式或“should+动词原形”。Its time that I should go to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我女儿了。Its high time we went to school. 我们该去上学了。Its time that the children should go to bed. 到了孩子们该睡觉的时间了。其他从句中的虚拟语气状语从句中的虚拟语气1.由as if/though引导的方式状语从句有时也用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时The injured man acted as if nothing had happened. 那