英语语法分类复习之状语从句 课件-高三英语一轮复习

1、状语从句状语从句时间状从地点状从方式状从目的状从让步状从比较状从原因状从条件状从结果状从在句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。它可以用来修饰谓语，定语，状语或整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词或起连词作用的词组引导，在句中的位置比较灵活，一般可分为表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较，方式等几类。时间状语从句时间状语从句在复合句中起时间状语作用的从句称为时间状语从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。常用来引导时间状语从句的词有:when 当.时候 while 当.时候 as 当.时候; 一边.after 在.之后 before 在.之前 since 自从ever since 自从 till 直到

2、 until 直到as soon as 一.就. Once 一旦，一经 whenever 不管什么时候every time 每次.时 each time 每次.时 next time下次.时the moment . 一就 by the time 到.时候 hardlywhen. 一就. directly 一就 immediately 一.就. instantly 一就时间状语从句when、while、as 的用法从属连词when、while、as都可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“在.时候”,但在具体用法上又不尽相同。when的用法when表示“当.时”，其引导的从句谓语既可用持续性动词,也可用终

3、止性动词;从句的动作与主句动作可同时发生也可先后发生。Mary was having dinner when I saw her. 我看见玛丽时她正在吃饭。When you meet a new word, consult the dictionary. 你遇到生词时可以查词典。while的用法while表示“当.时”，强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生或主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中。其引导的从句谓语动词必须是持续性的或表示状态的动词。Father was preparing a report while I was playing games. 爸爸在准备一个报告，我在玩游戏。Never

4、 get on or off the bus while it is in motion. 公共汽车运行时不要上下车。as的用法as表示“当.时”，常指从句动作未结束，主句动作就已发生。从句中多用表示动作的动词，一般不用 be动词或表示心理活动或状态的动词。另外，当一个 主语同时进行两个平行的动作,表示“一边.一边.”时用as。My cap was blown away as I stood up.我站起来时帽子被吹走了。We sang as we walked along.我们边走边唱。时间状语从句until/till的用法1. until/till 都表示“直到.”之意。主句是否定句时谓语

5、常用终止性动词，表示从句动作结束时主向动作才开始;主句是肯定句时谓语常用持续性动词，表示从句动作结束时主句动作随之结束I didnt know anything about it until you told me.直到你告诉我，我才知道这事的情况。Ill wait until/till the concert is over. 我会一直等到音乐会结束。2. until可以放在句首，而till不可以Until a few years ago I was a chef, and a happy one at that, but I wanted more out of life.直到几年前,我还

6、是个厨师,一个快乐的厨师，但我想从生活中得到更多。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我,我才知道发生了什么事。时间状语从句since 的用法1. since表示“自从.，其引导的从句在句中作状语时，主句常用完成时态或完成进行时态; 从句常用一般过去时Great changes have taken place since you left this city.自从你离开这个城市后发生了很多变化。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the St

7、ates.自从我定居美国后，我回过两次家。2.since引导的从句的谓语若是持续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止;若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始He has written to me frequently since he was ill. 自从病好以来,他经常给我写信。He has written to me frequently since he went abroad. 自他出国以来， 经常给我写信。时间状语从句before 的用法before常表示“在.前”,有时译为“.之后才.，没来得及.就.”I must finish this letter before I go hom

8、e. 我必须在回家之前写完这封信。.It will be a while before we know the results. 我们要过一会 儿才能知道结果。All the birds flew away before I started to fire. 我还没开枪,鸟儿便全飞走了。时间状语从句名词短语引导状语从句表示时间的名词短语有时也可以引导状语从句。常用的这类名词短语有:the time .的时候 the moment一.就. the minute 一.就.the day .的那天 the year .的那一年 the first time 第一次.的时候by the time到.的

9、时候 next time 下一次.的时候each time每次.的时候 every time 每次.的时候The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 他到家的那天，他父亲就已经去出了。Every time I see him, he is working hard. 我每次见到他时,他都在努力地工作。I recognized him the minute I saw him. 我一看见他就认出了他。时间状语从句表示“一就”的引导词的用法表达“一就”的引导词有as soon as、immediately, directly, in

10、stantly, no soonerthan. 、hardly. when.、the moment、the minute等。Ill give you an answer immediately Ive finished reading your report. 我一看完你的报告就给你答复。Directly you feel any pains, you must go to see the doctor. 你感觉不适就得去看医生。He had disappeared the moment the storm hit. 暴风雨一袭来,他就消失了。地点状语从句地点状语从句He had met wo

11、nderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was inspired by them to go and teach where he was needed the most. 在他上学的早期，他遇到了来自小村庄的优秀教师,他们激励他 去最需要他的地方教书。Make marks where you have questions. 在你有问题的地方作出标记。He must go wherever we send him. 他必须去我们派他去的任何地方。在复合句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句

12、，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导地点状语从句的常用词有where、wherever等。地点状语从句地点状语从句与定语从句的转化一般只要在地点状语从句的引导词where或wherever前加上“介词+ the/a place(s)”或介词十any place ,再将wherever 变成where 便可成为定语从句。Make marks where you have questions. Make marks in places where you have questions.He must go wherever we send him.He must go to any place wher

13、e we send him.原因状语从句He failed in the exam because he didnt work hard. 因为学习不努力,他考试没及格。As you were out, I left a message. 你不在，所以我留了个口信。Now that the children have cleaned up，you can let them go. 孩子们已经梳洗了,你可以让他们走了。原因状语从句在复合句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句，可置于句首,也可置于句尾。引导原因状语从句的常用词有because、 as、since、now that, in that等

14、。原因状语从句because、 as、since 的用法1. because语气最强，常用来回答why引起的提问，可表示已知或未知的事实。它可与强调词only、merely、just及否定词not连用。所引导的从句常位于主句之后,表示强调时也可置于主句之前，还可用于强调结构He was punished only because he broke the law. 他就是因为违反了法律才受到了惩罚。2.as语气最弱,较口语化，所表达的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实。as引导的状语从句多置于主句之前As he was in a hurry, he left this bag home.由于太匆忙，

15、他把包落在了家里。3. since的语气也较弱，常表示对方已知的事实,意为“既然”。从句多置于主句之前Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldnt always criticize him.既然每个人都会犯错误，你不应该老是批评他。原因状语从句now that 的用法now that主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主句与从句的因果关系不明显。now that 常译为“既然,由于”,that有时可以省略。Now (that) we know each other a little better, we get along well. 由于彼此之间有了进一步

16、了解,我们相处得不错。Now that you ve listed your strengths, lit your imperfections. 既然你已经列出了你的优点,那就列出你的缺点。目的状语从句目的状语从句In space, astronauts collet all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use. 在太空中，宇航员收集所有的脏水，以便回收后用。Im studying hard for fear that 1 should fail. 为了避免不及格,我正在努力学习。Dont play by the rive

17、r in case you fill in. 不要在河边玩要,以免你掉到河里。在复合句中作目的状语的从句叫作目的状语从句，一般置于句尾。目的状语从句的引导词有so that.in order that、for fear (that)、in case等。目的状语从句目的状语从句与不定式的转化当主句主语和从句主语一致时,目的状语从句可以与in order to、so as to或表目的的不定式直接转换。Well sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better.Well sit in the front of the hall (so

18、as/in order) to hear better.我们会坐在大厅的前面，以便听得更清楚。如果目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，一般不改为不定式，如果需要改成不定式则要加for sb.引出不定式的逻辑主语。My mother gets up early every morning to cook breakfast so that I can go to school on time.My mother gets up early every morning to cook breakfast so as for me/in order for me to go to school o

19、n time.妈妈每天早晨早起做饭，以便我能按时到校。结果状语从句结果状语从句在复合句中作结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句，一般置于句尾。常用来引导结果状语从句的词有so、so that、so. that. such. that.等。There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later.Justin told us such an interesting story that we all laughed.结果状语从句so that 的用法so that 既可引导目的状语从句也可引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时

20、，从句中常含有can、could, may, might, will, would, shall, should等类的情态动词; 引导结果状语从句时类似的情态动词则很少出现,且so that前有时有逗号与主句隔开, that有时还可省略。The most important thing is to build up self- confidence, so that it is easier to say no to the peer group. 最重要的是建立自信，因此对同龄人说“不”就更容易了。We moved to the country so that we were away fr

21、om the noisy and dull city. 我们搬到了郊外,这样便远离了吵闹、无聊的城市。We arrived early in the morning, so (that) we caught the first train. 我们早上到得很早，所以赶上了第一趟火车。结果状语从句so. that. 的用法1. so+形容词/副词+ that.The book was so boring that I gave up reading it halfway through.这本书真枯燥，我读到一半就放弃了。2.so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that.It was so goo

22、d an exhibition that I went to see it several times.这是一个很不错的展览会,以至于我去看了好几次。3. so+ many/few/much/little+相应形式的名词+ that. .Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you dare not pick them up in case you get it wrong.有时有如此多的刀叉以致你不敢拿起来,以防弄错。结果状语从句such. that.的用法1. such+ a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+ that.It is

23、such a lovely dog that everyone likes it.这是一只很可爱的狗，每个人都喜欢它。2. such+形容词+可数名词复数+ that.They are such good children that we all love them.这些孩子们很不错，我们都很喜欢他们。3. such+形容词+不可数名词+ that.This was such fine music that it was worth listening to again.这音乐太美妙了，值得再听一遍。为了强调形容词或副词，可把so.或such. 部分置于句首，主句用倒装语序。So excite

24、d was he that he could not fall into sleep.他太兴奋了以至于无法入睡。条件状语从句条件状语从句Youll be late again unless you hurry.如果不快点你又要迟到了。As/So long as you promise to come, Ill wait for you.只要你答应来,我就等着你。In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。If the weather is terrible next we

25、ek, well put off the summer camp. 如果下周天气不好，我们将推迟夏令营活动。Father told me if I studied hard he would buy me a special gift. 爸爸告诉我,如果我努力学习他会给我买一份特殊的礼物。在复合句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句，可置于句首，也可置于句尾,有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。条件状语从句的常用引导词有if、 unless、as/so long as、 once、in case、 on condition that、providing (that) 、provided (that) 、

26、given (that)等。让步状语从句让步状语从句Though she gave no sign, I was sure she had seen me. 尽管她没有示意,但我确信她看见我了。While Im willing to help, I do not have much time available. 尽管我愿意帮忙,但我没有多少时间。Call me when you arrive, no matter what time it is. 无论什么时候，你到了就给我打电话。在复合句中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句。让步状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于句中。让步状语从句

27、通常由though, although, even though, even if, as, while疑问词-ever、“no matter+疑问词”等引导。让步状语从句though/ although 的用法这两个词几乎完全相同，though不如although正式，两者通常可互换使用。though/although引导让步状语从句时，主句可用yet或still,更加强调对比性，但不可用but。在even though中不可用although代替though。Although/Though she works very hard, (yet) she makes very slow pro

28、gress. 尽管她很努力，但还是进步很慢。Although though she is young, she has travelled to many countries to put on shows. 她尽管年轻,但已到很多国家演出过。让步状语从句as的用法as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语或谓语部分的实义动词需提前至句首。如果表语是带冠词的名词,冠词需要省略。though 引导的让步状语从句有时也可这样用。Pop star as/ though she is, she still needs to improve. 尽管她已是受欢迎的流行音乐歌星,但仍需要努力。Fail as

29、 though I did, I would never give up. 尽管我失败了,但我永远不放弃。让步状语从句疑问词-ever与“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句时 ，疑问词-ever与no mter +疑问词完全相同，可以互换。但疑问词-ever还可引导名词性从句，no matter+疑问词则不可。注意: 英语中why、whether不能-ever 构成whyever、whetherever的形式。Whatever it is matter what it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 不管是什么，结果都是对最纯粹的中亚传统的一种美好而生动的描述。Ill wait for you however late it is. = Ill wait for you no matter how late it is. 不管多晚我都