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1、英语长难句翻译必看从语法上讲,有以下几种结构可以比较:1) 如果要表达人与人、事物与事物之间是相似的,就可以用 as 或是 like。此外,so, neither / nor等也表示相似。2) 当要表达的事物之间在某一方面一样时,可用 asas(后接形容词或副词)和 as much / manyas(后接名词或动词)结构。3) 表达事物之间差别的结构可采用 more (n) 或 less (n),后可接形容词、副词、动词或名词。但要注意的是 moren 还可译作“与其说,不如说”,在这种结构里,more + 形容词(或副词)并不比较结构。另外还要注意的是,在 more中文必须是否定的。n 以后
2、的英语虽然是肯定的,但译成实际上,英语的比较结构比较复杂,阅读时应注意英汉两种语言在表达上的差异。1. “What we take out of the sea is no longer as important aswhat we do not puto it,” said a noted underwater explorer, describing how pollution of sea-life cycles ultimarestrial respiration.y threatened even ter分析:What we take out of the sea 是主语从句,它与
3、what we do noto 从句相比较。这里把从海洋中获取资源和向海洋倾倒生活和工业put造成严重的污染进行比较。否定词在 as 从句的比较结构中常见,但是在“notas (well 等) as”结构中只否定前面的部分,后面的部分表示肯定。本句中为了强调 what we do not puto it,翻译时前置,并使用了肯定语气。译文:一位著名的海底探险家在说明海洋生物界的污染最终甚至会对陆地生物的呼吸产生时,“现在不往海里倾倒什么,已经比从海洋中捞取什么更为重要了。”2. Tapous task for to help shthe new spirit, there can be no
4、nobler nor more ambitiAmerica to undertake on this day of a new beginninga just and peaceful worldt is truly humane.n分析:nonobler nor more ambitious 中的 nor 是连词,常与 neither或 nor 连用,有时也与 no, never 等表示否定的词连用。主句是含有 no moren 的普通比较句型。分词短语 tapthe new spirit 是表示目的的状语。本句选自前总统在 1977 年的就职。译文:为了发扬这种新的精神,在这一新的开端开始
5、之际,对来说,最崇高和最有雄心勃勃的任务是帮助建立一个真正人道、正义、和平的世界。3. A whale is no more a fishn a horse is.分析:本句虽然短,但要理解和正确翻译并不容易。首先,no more 可以换成 not any more;其次,n 后面的部分,表面上看上去是肯定的,但是实际上是否定的。这个 no moren 的真正意思是 notjust asnot(不正如不一样),n 的前后两部分都是否定的。注意它和 not moren 的区别:not moren 的意思是“不比更”。译文:鲸不是鱼,正如马不是鱼一样。4. A whale is no less a
6、 mammaln a horse is.分析:no lessn 正好与 no moren 意思相反,n 前后两部分都是肯定的,它的意思是 quite asas (是也是)。再者,注意它和no lessn 的区别:no lessn 的意思是“在方面不亚于”。译文:鲸是哺乳动物,正如马是哺乳动物一样。11. Such variations in size, sh, chemistry, conduction speed, exciion threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligib
7、le in significance for anysible correlation with the manifold dimen难免类型:复杂修饰s of mental experience.(5)译文:类似于这些已经被在神经细胞中证明的在大小、形状、化学过程、产生的速度、兴奋阈值及其类似的方面上所发生变化,当他们被用来与大脑的体验以可能的方式联系起来的时候,他们在重要性上仍然是微道的。解释:即使是初练难免的人其实也很熟悉 such thing as something 这样的语言方式当中间的小东西 thing 居然变成了一个长达十二个单词的大东西的时候,实在令人搞不清后面的 as 及其
8、后的 something 到底为哪方神圣。再加上以 such as 为中心的长主语距离系动词 remain 太远,更增加了本句的难度。请读者反复阅读,直到读出这样的感觉:顺序阅读原文时,原文似乎就是几大块,就好像是 such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.意群训练:Such variations in size, sh , chemistry, conduction speed,exciion threshold, andcells remained negligiblethe like as had been demonst
9、rated in nervein significance for anysible correlation with themanifold dimens ofmental experience.12. It was l differenhe qualitysible to demonstrateby other methods refined structuraamong neuron typesof the impulse or its;however , proof was lackingt tcondition was influenced by these dito influen
10、ce the developmental pattefferen, which seemed insteadrning of the neural circuits .(5) 有可能通过其他方法来证明神经元种类间的细微的结构差异;,这样的是缺乏的,即神经冲动的性质或者状态是受这些差异所影响的,而这些差异看起来却能影响神经网络的发育模式。难免类型:复杂修饰、倒装解释:与很多人的印象相反,lack 从来就不能作形容词,它只有动词或名词的词性。其形容词的形式是 lacking,意思是缺乏的、的。本句的在 however 之前和之后的两个分句,是两个倒装结构,前一个是小倒装,正常语序是:to demo
11、nstrate refined structural differenamong neuron types by other methods: however 后面是个大倒装,lacking 之后的t引导的同位语人名是修饰主语 proof 的,但是因为它太长,所以为了避免头重脚轻,被放到 lacking 之后,正常的语序应该是 proofas lackingt the quality of .w意群训练:It was uctural differenat the quality ofsible to demonstrate by other methods refined str among
12、neuron types; however, proof was lacking ththe impulse or its condition was influenced by these differen, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.13.dly pinAlthough qualiive variance among nerve energies was never rigidisproved, the doctrine was generall
13、y abandoned in favor of the oing view, namely,t nerve impulses are essentially homogeneousquality and are transmitted as common currency throughout the nervous system. (4) 尽管在神经能量上存在着质的不同,这一点从来都没有在严格的意义上被过,但是以上教条通常被抛弃掉,而转向相反的观点,即:神经冲动从根本上本质相同,而且被当作“一种普通流”在整个神经系统中难句类型:复杂修饰、双重否定。解释:前半个分句中有一个双重否定,was n
14、ever rigidly disproved,这种表示法用中文说出来还是比较好懂的,原因是熟悉中文的这种表示法,但在英文中出现,因为在以前的学习中见得少,所以感觉上很别扭。因此,的任务,就是通过反复阅读此类句子来熟悉这样的英语。其实在英文表达中,很多双重否定与中文表达是一样的,表示肯定;如 not unlimited 就等于 limited。但是值得读者注意的是在 GRE 和 GMAT 这两种对考生的逻辑有苛刻要求的中,如果这种双重否定中所涉及的概念不是 dichotomous(即二分法的词汇,比如上面例子中的 limited 和 unlimited),则双重否定不一定表示肯定;比如本例中的
15、not disprove, 不能理解为 agree, 不者中,的确有人会同意,但通常心存疑虑,随大流者居多。不但如此,大双重否定中加上限定词以后,在否定的范围上也有所变化,如本句的 be never rigidly disproved,没有完全被,不能理解为从来都被严格支持的,而应该理从来都可能有人支持的。综上所述,对双重否定的句子,简单的把其置换为肯定,不是最精确的理解。而最好的办法,就是通过多读、多练来熟悉其语言表达及其逻辑方式,按照其字面的表达理没有完全否定,然后大脑中反应出其目前的生存状态是一个仍未的状态;这种理解才是在现场既快速又精确的理解。运用前面所说的用合理化原则中的取非读法,可
16、以很容易的读出作者在后半个分句中想说前面的那种观点被 了。但是,初学者会对这个分句中的 something be abandoned in favor of something else 这种语言表达感到突然,如果理因为喜后者而抛弃了前者,虽然也能说得通,但是其实原文从来没有这种因果关系,in favor of 强调的是这两种动作的同时性;抛弃了前者,而转向后者,namely 之后的内容是前面的 oping view 的同位语。意群训练:Although qualiive variance among nerve energies was never rigidlythe op eneous
17、indisproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor ofing view, namely,t nerve impulses are essentially homogquality andare transmittedas common currency throughoutthe nervous system14. Other experimentsr,arrangement, andrevealed slighterconnectionvariationshe size, numbeof the nerve cells, b
18、ut as faras psycho neural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed muore remarkable than any of the minute differen. (4 -) 尽管其他实验显示在神经细胞的大小、数量、排列和相互连接上有一些小的差异,但是就心理-神经的关系而言,这些感官区域彼此之间的明显的相似性看起来比起微小的差异更为令人注目。难句类型:复杂修饰、语解释:后两个分句之间有一个语 as far as
19、 psycho neural correlations were concerned。在后面的分句中,主语 the obvious similarities 之后的、修饰主语的成分较长、以至于有很多读者看到相隔很远的 more remarkable n 时一下子反应不过来是什么比后者更明显。其简化形式应为:similarities seemed more remarkablen differen。意群训练:Other experiments revealed slight variationshe size, number, arrangement, anderconnection of th
20、e nerve cells, but as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of thesen any ofsensory fields to each other seemed muoreremarkablethe minute differen.15. Althoughsome experiments showt, as an objectes more holistices familiathe recogn evidencer, itsition proernalrep
21、resenionands correspondingly moreparallel, the weight ofseems to support the serial hypothesis,not notably simple and familiar. (4+)east for objectst are虽然某些实验表明,随着一个物体变得熟悉起来,其内心再现图像亦更具整体感,辨认过程相应地更趋于平行,但的砝码似乎在支持序列假设(serial hypothesis),至少是对于那些不甚简单、不甚熟悉的物体来说。难句类型:复杂修饰、语、省略解释:在 Although 引导的分句中,谓语 shows
22、 后面跟着一个长长的宾语从句,从句中先出现一个语 as an objectes familiar,之后的内容是由 and 连接的两套并列的主谓宾。其实 and 前后就是两个句子,只不过作者省略了后面的句子中与前面相同的引导词t 和谓语e。句子中有一个生词 holistic,其实即使不认识,也能用合理化原则猜出它是后面 serial 的反义词、parallel 的同义词,大约是实只要能理解到其是与 serial 相反的意思即可。意群训练:Although some experiments show、完整或同时的意思;其t, as an objectes familiar, itsrecognit
23、ion proernalrepreseniones moreparallel,holistic and the the weight of evideast for objects correspondingly moreenseems to supportt are not notablythe serial hypothesis,simple and familiar.16.ansIn large part as aconsequence ofthe feminist movement,histori determi(3+)have focused a great deal of atte
24、ntion in recent years onning more accuray the sus of women invarious periods.在很大程度上,由于女权主义运动(feminist movement)的缘故,史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力,来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。 Focus A on B;难句类型:倒装解释:focus A on B 指把 A 集中于B,本句中介词 on 的宾语 determining/moreaccuray the sus of women in various periods 中有一个小倒装,正常语序应该是 determining
25、the sus of women in various periods moreaccuray。意群训练:In large part storians have focused atermining more accuraas a consequence of the feminist movement, higreat deal of attention in recent years on dey the sus of women in various periods.17. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons
26、, it becomes cleart ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to representsocieties but rather to e of womens ruleobserved historical fact real Amazonianoffer “moral lessons” on the suped oheir own society . (4) 如果先研究一下为什么古人会提到亚马逊人,下面的一点就变得清晰了,那就是古希腊对于这种社会的庙睡不是太多的被用来表达观察的历史
27、事实真正的亚麻逊社会的而是为了对于妇女在其社会中的的预期提供一种“道德教导”。难句类型:复杂修饰、语、抽象词解释:有两个词汇需要先解释一下:something be meant to represent 是 usesomething to mean 的语态。mean 在这里不是常用的的意思是的意思,而是表示做某事所表达的目的、意图,其英文释义为:to serve oren d to convey, show, or indicate。句中的结构为:something be meant not so much to, but rather to, 实际上是把 be meant to 和 not
28、rather 的两个固定搭配套在一起,意思是:不是为了.而是为了.另外,supe 的意思很抽象,不容易理解。此词既有据信、被认为的意思,也有预期的意思,还有表示贬义的假想的被想当然的意思。本句的 suped 用法极其特殊,在此处的意思,用以上任何一个释义来理解居然都可以成立,既是在说一个预期的社会状态,又是在说一个虚构出来的、本来不存在的社会状态,其用法类似于中文中的一语双关,是文章作者自以为文笔精妙之处。意群训练:If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, ites cleart ancient Greek descri
29、ptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact- real Amazonian societies- but ratherto offerheir ownmoral lessons on the suped osociety.e ofwomens rule18. Thus,earntfor instance, itmay comeas a shock to mathematins to lthe Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen
30、atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, a somewhat more correct equation takingpole, and relativistic effects; andtbut only an approximation toaccount of spin, magnetic dithis correctedequation isitself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set offield-theoretical equation
31、s. (5)quantum因此,举例来说,对数学家而言,了解到下述情形可能会令其惊愕不已,即谔(Schrodinger)的氢原子方程式并非是对该原子作出的一种绝然正确的描述,而仅仅是个近似值,趋近于一个在某种程度上更为正确的将自旋、磁性偶极子、以及相对论效应考虑在内的方程式;而这个得以纠正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一个不完美的近似值,趋近于无穷无尽的一整套量子场论方程式。难句类型:复杂修饰、语、省略解释:读到此句时,数学家不见得,晕倒的考生恐怕不在少数。不但句子结构复杂,而且罗列了大量的专有名词。对于不是理科的同学来讲,在阅读这篇文章的现场清楚地明白应该读到什么程度远比研究这些生僻的专有名词更
32、重要。其实是否知道鄂方程对读者来说并不见得重要,GRE的出题者也不见得知道它;关键是要读懂句子的主要意思;数学家不能理解不精确和近似值的伟大意义。不过在本书中,出现的句子均以阅读训练为目的,所以读者仍要把句子的结构读清楚。主句中的主语 it 是一个开工主语,其具体的内容应该是从 to learn 开始一直到句子结束的长达八行的不定式,但是此不定式实在太长,如果放在句首则句子无法平衡。Learn 后面带着两个以 t 引导的宾语从句,中间以分号和 and 分开,可以把分号以后的句子看成是 and it may come as a shock to mathematins to learnt 的省略
33、形式。意群训练:Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematins to learnt the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is nota literally correct description of this atom, ion to a somewhat more correct equation taking tic dipole, and relativistic effects; and t n is itself only an imperfect appr
34、oximation tontum field-theoretical equations.but only an approximat account of spin, magne this corrected equatioan infinite set of qua19. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argumentt isconvincing only if it is precise loses all its force if theamptions on which it is based are
35、slightly changed, whereas an argumentt is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying amptions. (5+)物理学家恐惧于那些精确无误的论据不无道理,因为某种只有在它是精确无误的条件下才令人置信的论据,一旦它赖于建立其上的假设稍有变化,便会失去它一部的作用;而与此相反,一个尽管并不精确无误但却令人置信的论据,在其基本假设(underlying a的。mption)稍微受干扰的情况下,仍然有可能是站得住脚难句类型
36、:复杂修饰解释:本句在文章中就是一个自,虽然长度比不上前面第一章中所举的那个长达 10 行的例子,但是难度绝不在那句话之下。本句堪称句子的大杂烩,句带从句居然一共有八个。从大往小说,由 whereas 连接了两个大句子,whereas 后面的句子中的主语 an augument 之后又跟了一个定语从句t is convincing though imprecise, 修饰 augument。whereas 前面共有六个句子,由 thephysicist 作主语的主句;由 since 引导的原因状语从句,修饰 since 从句中主语 an augument 的由t 引导的定语从句,此定语从句中的
37、条件状语从句 only if it is precise; since 从句中的条件状语从句 if the amptions onwhich it is based are slightly changed,以及修饰此从句中的主语 amptions 的定语从句 on which it is based 一共八个句子,从句套从句,实在令人叹为观止。然而,在现场去数句子的数目,是只有呆子才会干的事,读者们惟一要干的事就是反复阅读这句话,什么时候练到不必去想其语法结构就能按原文顺序读懂,才算初步掌握;再进一步把它读顺,直到你看不出这个句子方,看上去还挺舒服就算训练成功。意群训练:The physic
38、ist rightly dreads precise argument,特别的地since an argits force ifumentthe at is convincing only if it is precise loses allmptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argumentt is convincing though imprecise may wellbe stable under small perturbations of its underlying amptions.20. H
39、owever, asd themselves asidarity lackingthey gained cohe, the Bluestockingsa womens group and tosess a sensecame to regarof female solhe salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. (4-)起初,蓝袜女们确实模仿了法国女主人,将襄括到其小圈子中来。然则,随着她们获得的凝聚力,她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体,并拥有了一种
40、妇女团结意识,而这种意识在法国女主人身上则荡然无存,因为她们每个人在其自己的中自视甚高而彼此孤立隔绝开来。难句类型:复杂修饰解释:本句读到表示并列的连词 and 开始变难。and 之后的不定式与前面的不定式是并列的,to 的前面省略了一个与前面一样的谓语 came。lacking 之后的分词作定语修饰a sense of female solidarity 其后的由 who 引导的定语从句又修饰逗号前面的 salonnieres 此从句中又有一个定语从句t each salonniere held in her own salon 修饰其前的 primacy,但是由于引导词t 在从句中作宾语,
41、因此被省略。意群训练:However, as they gained coheregard themselves as a womens group and, the Bluestocking came to tosess a sense of femalewho remained isolated fromsolidarity lackinghesalonnieres,one another by the primacyeach held in herown salon.21. As my own studies haveadvanced, I havebeen increasingly i
42、mpressed with the functional similarities betninsectand vertebrate soc t seem, at firsn them. (5)ieties and less so with the structural different glance, to constitute such an immense gulf bet随着研究不断深入,我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻,而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠,虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。难句类型:复杂修饰、语、省略解释:本句子的中间一段
43、 impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differen容易令人看晕,其中的 insect and vertebrate societies and less so with 由两个 and 连接了三个部分,然而它们其实不是同一层次的并列,第一个 and 实际上是 betn insect societies and vertebrate societies的一部分,是并列的,而 and 之后的 less
44、so with 其实是对于一个完整的表达方式I have been increasingly less impressed with 的省略形式,去掉了与前面重复的成分。后面修饰的 structural differen的定语从句t seem, atglance,to constitute such an immense gulf betn them 中,又出现了一个别扭的语 atglance,把应该连在一起的 seem to地分开,令人不熟悉此类难句的人倍感不适。意群训练:As my own studies have advanced, I havebeen increasingly imp
45、ressed with the functional similarities betninsectand vertebra t seem, an them.te societies and less so with the structural differentglance, to constitute such an immense gulf bet22.its al,Although fiction aredly springs from political circumstan,authors react to those circumstanin ways othern ideol
46、ogicand talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments ofideology circumvents much of the fictional entrise.(4)的方式对这些政治情虽然小说无疑于政治情状,但其作者则是以非状作出反应的,而将小说和故事主要地当作度上阻碍小说事业。的工具来探讨,会在相当程难句类型:复杂修饰解释:本句从句子的结构上来讲,惟一的难度在于 and 之后的句子的主语 talki ng about novels and stories primarily as instruments of id
47、eology 太长,以至于看到谓语 circumvent 的时候已经搞不清楚主谓了。更大的难度恐怕还在于对两个词汇的理解 circumvent 和 entrise。以前所背过的 circumvent 有两个词义,一个是规避,一是以计谋战胜,但是这两种意思放到此处都显然不通;其实 circumvent 有一个没有背过的最常用的意思是包围、限制或;至于 entrise 常用的意思是企业,这里的指事业。意群训练:Although fiction aredly springs from political circumstan, its authors react to those circumsta
48、nin ways othern ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional entrise.23. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying tofe, a different kind of aesthetic? (3)这究竟是一种缺陷呢,还是这些作者想要按照一种与众不同的美学体系进行创作,抑或是在试图创立一种与众
49、不同的美学体系?难句类型:语解释:本句的句子既短,意思也不难理解,但扰作用却极强。语(or trying to fe)的干意群训练:Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to fe, a different kind of aesthetic?24. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomers Cane, verges on expresism or surrealism ; does this technique provi
50、de a countoto the prevalent themet portrays the fate against which Black heroes artted , a theme usually conveyed by morenaturalistic modes of expres? (5)不仅如此,有些小说(比如 JT 的甘蔗)的风格接近与表现主义和超现实主义;这种技巧是否为流行的提供了一个和谐的对应呢?这种刻画了注意与之相抗争题。运,这是一个通常用更为自然主义的表现手法所表达的主难句类型:复杂修饰、语解释:在本句中有三个词需要先解释一番:verge on 这个词组是接近于、
51、濒于的意思,hero 在文学作品中是主人公的意思,pit 作动词时,除了挖坑、窖藏之外,还有使竞争、使的意思,其英文释义为:toset as gamecockso ition or rivalry usual语态 fate against whicor as ifly used wio a pit to fight, to seto opgainst.在此用的是后一种语义的h Black heroes art fate。tted.如果用主动语态则是:pit black heroes agains另外本句的结构复杂,分号之后是一个一般疑问句,但是由于修饰成分过多,过长,使得读者看不清楚这个句子在
52、问什么。其实如果没有最后的那个 prevalent theme 的同位语a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes ofexpres,本句会易懂得多。意群训练:In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomers Cane, verges on expresism or surrealism; does this technique provide a countoto the prevalent themet portrays the fate against
53、which Black heroes artted, a theme usually conveyed bymore naturalistic modes of expres?25. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attentionhepros some fascinating and little-known works likeJames Weldon注意:bring AJohnsons Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (4)to B bring to
54、B A小说了极为广泛的一系列小说,在此过程中让注意到了某些引人入胜但却鲜为人知的作品,如。韦。(James Weldon Johnson)的一个曾经是有色人的自传(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)。难句类型:倒装解释:在以 bringing 开头的作状语的分词中出现了倒ring A to B 被倒装为 bring to B A,其倒装的原因仍是为了避免头重脚轻,正常的语序应该如下:bringing some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography
55、 of an Ex-Colored Man to our attentionhe pros.意群训练:Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attentionhepros some fascinating and little-known works like James WeldonJohnsons Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.26. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths,
56、where most of the energy they absorb some of thediated from the Earthof sunlight is concentrated, to pass through,longer-wavelength,rface, radiationinfrared emiss rat wouldotherwise betransmitted backo space. (4)虽然这些分子允见波长(visible wavelength)的辐射阳光的绝大部分能量就汇集于此不受阻挡地,但它们却会吸收某些较长波长(longer-wavelength),亦即
57、从地球表面辐射出的红外发射(infrared emis),这种辐射若不是的缘故就会被重新输送回太空。难句类型:复杂修饰、抽象词解释:前面的分句中有一个不算很长的语,但是因为它的位置正好在固定搭配 allow something to do something 中间,将 allow 和to 分得很远,所以读起来让人感觉很不舒服。后面的分句中的最后一行 radiationt would otherwise be transmittedbacko space 是其前面的 infrared emiss 的同位语。其中的 otherwise 是副词作状语,表示如果后面的分句所说的 they absorb
58、 some of the longer-waverlength, infrared emiss 不发生时的。意群训练:Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelen gths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to passthrough, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earthrface, radiationt wo
59、uldotherwise be transmitted backo space.27. Theing swaysrole those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictheofdetails of human behavior but one of iming constrafeeling, thinking, and actingtsituations in any culture. (4)come naturally inarchetypal这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用,不是规定人类行为的种种细节,而是将各种限制强加
60、于人类即在任何文化的典型情景中都会“自然表露”的情感、思维、以及行动方式。难句类型:复杂修饰、省略解释:尽管很熟悉 the role of something 的这种表达,但本句中 the role of 被作者胜利很活。首先,在 role 后面有一个省略了引导词t 的定语从句(因为 role 在从句中作 ascribe 的宾语),这样就把 role 和系动词is 隔得很远。其次,but 前面的句子的主其实是 The role is not the role ofThe role is not ofng somethingng something 的省略形式,因为后面的 the role 与前
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