听力文本解析最终版tpo

1、1.Why does the man go to see his professor.#To borrow some charts and graphs from her.#To ask her to explain some sistical procedures.# To talk about report he is writing.#To discuss a grade he got on a pr.#2.What information will the man include in his report?ClickInclude in report,Not include in r

2、eport.# Climate charts.#erviews with meteorologists.# Journals notes.#Sistical tests.#he correct box for each phrase.3.Why does the professorl the man about the appomenthe doctors office?#To demonstrate a way of remembering things.#To explain why she needs to leave soon.#To illustrate a pot appears

3、in his report.#To emphasize the importance of good health.#4.What does the professor offer to do for the man.# Help him collect more data in other areas of the se.# Submit his research findings for publication.#Give him the doctorsephone number.#Review theverof his report.#5.Why does the professor s

4、ay this?#To question the length of the pTo offer encouragement.#r.#To dispute the data sourTo explain a theory.=Student=.#Uh,excuse me,Professor Thompson.I know your office hours are tomorrow,but I was wondering ifyou had a few minutes free now to discuss something. #Professor=Sure,John.What did you

5、 want to talk about? #Student=Well,I have some quick questions about how to write up the research project I did thissemesterabo#Professor=limate variations.Oh,yes.You were looking at variations in climateyou gotten? #Student=he Grant City area,right? How far along haveIve got all my data,so Im start

6、ing to summarize it now,preparing graphs and stuut Imjust.Im looking at it and Im afraidreport. #Professor=t its not enough,but Im not sure whase to putheI hear the same thing from every student.You know,you have to remember nowt youre theexpert on what youve done.So,think about what youd need to in

7、clude if you were going toexplain your research project to someone with general or casual knowledge about thesubject,like .like your parents.this? #Student= OK.I get it. #Professor=ts usually my rule of thumb: would my parents understandI hope you can recognize by my saying#Student=t how much you do

8、 know about the subject.Right.I understand.I was wondering if I should also include the notes from the research journalyou suggested I keep. #Professor=Yes,definiy.You should use them to indicate what your evolution in thought was throughtime.So,just set up,you know,what was the pure of what you wer

9、engto try tounderstand the climate variability of this areaand what you did,and what your approach was.#Student=OK.So,for exmethods for what you mean? #Professor=le,I studied meteorological records; I looked at climate charts; I used differentyzing the data,like certain sistical tests; and then I di

10、scuss the results.IstYes,ts right.You should include all oft.The sistical tests are espelly important.And alsobe sure you include a good reference section where all your published and unpublished datacame from,cause you have a lot of unpublished climate data.#Student=Hmm .something just came#Profess

11、or=o my mind and went out the other side.ppens to me a lot,so Ive come up wipretty good memory management tool.I carry alittle pad with me all the time and jot down questions or ideast I dont want to fet.Forexle,I went to the doctor with my daughter and her baby son lastk and we knew wewouldnt remem

12、ber everything we wanted to ask the doctor,so we actually made a list of fivethings we wanted answers to.#Student=A notepad is a good idea.Since Im so busy now at the end of the semester,Im getting pretty fetful these days.OK.I just remembered what I was trying to say before.#Professor=Good.I was ho

13、#Student= Yes.It ends upyoud come up with it.t I have data on moren just the immediate Grant City area,so I also includedsome regional datahe report.With everything else it should be a pretty good indicator of theclimate#Professor=his part of the se.Sounds good.Id be happy to look over a draft verwi

14、sh. #Student=before you handhe final copy,if youGreat.Ill plan to get you a draft of the p#Professor= OK.=r by next Fridaynks very much.Well,see ya.正确，C。目的主旨题。开头教授问你想谈什么，学生说，快问几个问题，关于我。#写这学期的一个项目的。所以他是来和教授谈他写正确，A C D。include， B not include.观点组织题。学生首先提到了我在文章里包含了记事录里的内容。又说，我还看天气图标，用了数据测试。教授表示肯定，说你应该都包

15、含进去。但惟独没有提到采访气象学家。#正确，A。观点组织题。教授提到了她去和医生的会面。是为了举个例子。而前文说道，我有一个很好的管理工具。就是随身带个小本子。那她提到会见医生，就是为了阐述一种东西的方法。后文提到，她把需要问医生都写下来了。#正确，D。细节题。教授说，我愿意在你递交终稿前，看下你的初稿版。这里初稿和审查与选项中的第一稿和是近义词。#正确，B。功能题。教授说我希望你能明白我说的，你要知道自己有多了解这个话题。这里是在对学生进行鼓励，希望对方对自己做的=学生：=非常熟悉。呃，打扰一下，讨一些问题？ #教授：=教授。我知道明天才是你的答疑时间，但不知道你有几分钟时间咱探没问题，#学

16、生：=同学。你想什么呢？我简单问几个问题，关于如何写我这个学期做的研究项目，和气候变化有关。#教授：=哦，对。你在搜集#学生：=城区气候变化，是吧？你现在进展如何？我已经收集到所有的数据，我现在开始着手总结，准备图表之类的。但我担心这些数据不够，但又不清楚应该在#教授：=里加入些什么。每个同学都这样说。你要记住，你是你现在研究的话题的。想想你要的研究项目解父母会理解这释给没有专业知识的人，比如你的父母，你会写什么呢？这是些吗？#学生：=好的。我明白了。#教授：=法宝：我希望你能理解，我刚才对你说的“你对这个项目的了解到底有多少”。#学生：=是的，我理解。我在纳闷我是否应该#教授：=建议我写的学

17、术期刊的注释写进去。当然啦。你可以用这些注释表明你的不同时候的思路变迁。所以，先写点你研究的目的试图搞清楚这个地区的气候变化然后写你研究的内容，以及你使用的方法。#学生：=好的。比如，我研究气象；气候图标；我用不同的方法分析数据，比如某种统计检验；还有我论述的结果。你说的是这个意思吗？#教授：=是的，没错。你应该把那些都囊括在内。那个统计检验尤其重要。此外，还需要写一个很好的参考资料部分，把已#学生：=和未的资料包含在内，因为你会有很多未的气候数据。嗯我刚才突然想起什么来着，但又忘记了。#教授：=我也经常这样，所以记下不想忘记出了一个很好的管理工具。我总是随身携带一个记事本，快速或想法。比如，

18、我上周和我女儿、外孙一块去医院，就知道不可能记得要问医生的所有问题，所以事。#列出了一个，上面有想要询问的五件学生：=记事本这个想法不错。因为现在正是期末很忙，所以这段时间丢三落四的。哦，我突然想起我刚才想#教授：=的话。很好。我刚才还在指望你能想起呢。#学生：=嗯，结果我发现，我不只有城区本身的数据，所以我把一些区域性的数据也写入应该能很好地说明这州里这个区域的气候。中了。加上刚才#教授：=过的，想法不错。如果你希望的话，我倒乐意在你提交终稿之前，帮你看看你的初稿。#学生：=太好了。下周五之前我会给你一份初稿。非常感谢。再见！#教授：=再见！=6.What is the professor

19、mainly discussing.# The development of motor skills in children.#How psychologists measure muscle activityhe throat.#A theory about the relationship betn muscle activity and thinking.#A study on deaf peoples problem-solving techniques.#7.Why does the professor say this?#To give an exle of a laryngea

20、l habit.#To explahe meaning of a term.#To explain why he is discussing laryngeal habits.#To remind students of a pohe had discussed previously.#8.Why does the professor say about people who use sign language.#It is notsible to study their thinking habits.#They exhibit laryngeal habits.#The muscleshe

21、ir hands move when they solve problems.#They do not exhibit ideomotor action.#9.What podoes the professor make when he refers to the university library.#A study on problem solving took place there.#Students should go there to read more about behaviorism.# Students eyes will turn toward it if they th

22、ink about it.#He learned about William James concept of thinking there.#10.The professor describes atrick to the class,what does thetrick demonstrate?#An action people maket they are not aware of.#t behaviorists are not really scientists.#How psychologists study children.#A method for remembering lo

23、cations.#11.What is the professors opinion of the motor theory of thinking.# Most of the evidence he has collected contradicts it.#It explains adult behavior bettern it explains child behavior.#It is the most valid theory of thinking at the present time.#It cannot be compley proved or disproved.=Pro

24、fessor=Now,many people consider John Watson to be the founder of behaviorism.And like other behaviorists,he be vedt psychologists should study only the behaviors they can observe andmeasure.Theyre noterested in mental proses.While acould describe histhoughts,no one else can see or hear them to verif

25、y the accuracy of his report.But one thing youcan observe is muscular habits.What Watson did was to observe muscular habits because he viewed them as a manifes ion of thinking.One kind of habits t he studied are laryngeal habits.#Watson thought laryngeal habits .you know,from larynx,in other words,r

26、elated to thevoice box .he thought those habits were an expreschildren,thinking is really talking out loud to oof thinking.He arguedt for very younglf because they talk out loud even if theyrenot trying to communicate with someone in particular.As the individual matures,t overttalking to olfes cover

27、t talking to olf,but thinking still shows up as a laryngealhabit.One of the bits of evidencet supports this ist when people are trying to solve ahe throat region.t is,if you putproblem,they,um,typically have increased muscular activityelectrodes on the throat and measure muscle potentialmuscle activ

28、ityyou discovertwhen people are thinking,like if theyre diligently trying to solve a problem,t there is muscularactivityhe throat region.#So,Watson made the argumentt problem solving,or thinking,can be defined as a set ofbehaviorsa set of responsesand in this case the response he observed was the th

29、roatactivity.ts what he means when he calls it a laryngeal habit.Now,as I am thinking about what Iam going to be saying,my musclesy throat are responding.So,thinking can be measured asmuscle activity.Now,the motor theory .yes?#Student=Professor Blake,um,did he happen to look at people who sign? I me

30、an deaf people? #Professor=Uh,he did,um,and to jump ahead,what one finds in deaf individuals who use signlanguage when theyre given problems of various kinds,they have muscular changes in theirhands when they are trying to solve a problem .muscle changes in the hand,just like themuscular changes goi

31、ng onhe throat region for speaking individuals.#So,for Watson,thinking is identical with the activity of muscles.A related concept ofthinking was developed by William James.Its called ideomotor action.#Ideomotor action is an activityt occurs without our noticing it,without our being awareof it.Ill g

32、ive you one simple exle.If you think of locations,there tends to be eye movementt occurs with your thinking aboutt location.In particular,from where were sitting,imaginet youre asked to think of our university library.Well,if you close your eyes and think of thelibrary,and if youre sitting directly

33、facing me,then according to this notion,your eyeballs willmove slightly to the left,to your left,cause the libraryshat general direction.#James and others saidt this is an idea leading to a motor action,andts why itscalled “ideomotor action”an idea leads to motor activity.If you wish to impress your

34、 friendsand relatives,you can change this simple proso atrick.Ask people to do somethingsuch as Ive just described: think of something on their left; think of something on their right.Youget them to think about two things on either side with their eyes closed,and you watch their eyesvery carefully.A

35、nd if you dot,youll discovert you can see rather clearly the eyemovementone and Illt is,you can see the movement of the eyeballs.Now,then you say,think of eitherl which youre thinking of.#OK.Well,Watson makes the amptiont muscular activity is equivalent to thinking.Butgiven everything weve been talk

36、ing about here,one has to ask: are there alternatives to thismotor theorythit muscular activities are equivalent to thinking? Is there anythingelset might account for this changeuscular activity,othern sayingt it is thinking?And the answer is clearly yes.Is there any way to answer the question defin

37、itively? I think theanswer is no.=正确，C。内容主旨题。本文通过对于肌肉运动和人思考之间的关系，来阐明一个相关的理论。前半部解释肌肉运动和人的思考，后半部分引入名词观念运动。#正确，B。功能题。这里教授提到单词 larynx，然后解释，换句话说，就是和的带有关。是在给一个单词进行解释。#正确，C。观点组织题。教授解释一些人使用手语的原因是，当他们试图思考解决问题的时候，他们也会动。#正确的 正确，C。细节题。教授让学生们想校馆的方向。#馆，他们的眼睛会不自觉地转向他们所思考，A。细节题。人们在思考的时候，也许会没有一些微动作。教授所教的小把戏，就是，人们没有这

38、些动作。#正确，D。态度题。教授认为，这个理论很难被完全证实，也很难被彻底否定。肌肉活动并不一定等同于思考。=教授=如今，很多人认为是行为学的鼻祖。和其他行为学家一样，他相信心理学家应该只研究那些他们能观察测量的行为。他们对于精神过程不感。当一个人描述它的心理想法时，没人能真正看到或听见他们对于自身想法的准确性。但有一件事，你可以观察，是肌肉的。观察肌肉行为，因为他把它们当做是一种思维的表现。想到喉咙的行为，你知道的，来自咽喉，换句话说，关于声带的附近，他认为#这些行为是一种思考的表达。他认为，对于非常小的孩子来说，思考就是一个己说话，因为尽管他们不在和他人进行交流时，他们仍然大声说话。作为声

39、的对自的承认，公开的对自己的转变了私下的和自己说话，但是思考仍然展现出了喉咙的行为。一个支持了这个观点。当人们试图解决一个问题时，他们，嗯，经常咽喉部肌肉的活动量。就是说，当你把电极放在喉咙两边，测量肌肉的电压，肌肉的活动量，你将发现，当人们思考的时候，他们努力的试图解决一个问题时，喉咙上的肌肉有活动。#因此，认为，解答问题，或思考，可以定义为一种行为，一系列的反应，在这种情况下，他观察到的喉咙的活动就是反应。这就是他所谓的喉咙行为。现在，我应该说，我喉咙的肌肉在回应着。那么，思考可以通过肌肉活动量来测量。所以，运动神经理论，啊？学生=教授，嗯，那，那些使用手语的人呢？我是说，聋人？#教授=啊

40、，他确实，也做了，找到了一些聋人，他们使用手语的，当他们解决各种问题时，他们手部的肌肉在动，当解决一个问题时。手上的肌肉在动，就如同说话的人，喉咙部位的肌肉在动一样。#所以，对于来说，思考就是肌肉的活动。一个相关的理论由威廉姆提出来，叫，叫观念运动行为。#观念运动行为是一种没有的行为。我给一个简单的例子，让你想一个地点。当你想到这个地点时，你的眼睛会朝着那个地点转动。尤其，当坐在椅子上，想象，当被问及的校馆。那，当你合上眼睛，想馆的位置，面对我，根据这个猜想，的眼球会轻微的向左转动，到你的左边，因为那是馆大致的方向。和其他人说，这就是运动神经行为的想法，也就是为什么它叫做观念运动#行为。一个想

41、法，了一个动作行为。如果你想给朋友亲人留下深刻印象，你可以做这个简单的小把戏。让人们做我下面说的这般：想一个他们左边的东西，想一个他们右边的东西。让他们闭上眼睛想两边的某一个，你可以仔细观察他们的眼睛。如果你这么做，你会看到他们的眼睛运动，也就是说，你可以清楚的看到眼球的移动。现在，你可以说，我来告诉你，你刚才想的是哪一个东西了。#好，那，假设肌肉运动等同于思考。但总结下所说的，人们不得：有没有其他的除了运动神经理论声称肌肉运动等同于思考之外的解释？有没有其他的可能，导致了肌肉的运动，而不是说肌肉运动本身就是思考？是肯定的。而有没有一个方法来明确的回答这个问题？我认为是否定的。12.What

42、aspect of Manila hemp fibers does the professor mainly discusshe lecture.#Similarities betn cotton fibers and manila hemp fibers.#Various types of manila hemp fibers.#The economic importance of Manila hemp fibers.#A use of Manila hemp fibers.#13.Why does the professor mention going away for thekend?

43、#Tol the class a joke.#To apologize for not completing some work.#Toroduce the topic of the lecture.#To encourage students to ask about her trip.#14.What does the professor imply about the name Manila hemp.# It is a commerl brand name.#Part of the name is inappropriate.#The name has recently changed

44、.#The name wasusedhe 1940s.#15.Why does the professor mention the Golden Gate Bridge?#To demonstrate a disadvantage of steel cables.#To give an exle of the creative use of color.#To showt steel cables are able to resist salt water.#To give an exle of a use of Manila hemp.#16.According to the profess

45、or,what was the main reasont many ships used Manila hempropes instead of steel cables?#Manila hemp was cher.#Manila hemp was easier to produce.#Manila hemp is more resistant to salt water.# Manila hemp is lighter in weight.#17.According to the lecture,what are two ways to increase the strength or ro

46、pe made from Manila hemp fibers?Click on 2 answers.#Coat the fibers with zinc-based pa.#Combine the fiberso bundles.#Soak bundles of fibers in salt water.#Twist bundles of fibers.=Hi,everyone.Good to see you all today.Actually,I expected the population to be a lot lowertoday.It typically runs betn 5

47、0 and 60 percent on the day the research pr is due.Um,I washoto have your exams back today,but,uh,the situation wast I went away for thekend,and I waped to get in yesterday at five,and I expected to fully complete all theexams by midnight or so,which is the timet I usually go to bed,but my flight wa

48、s delayed,and Iended up not getting in until one oclock in the morning.Anyway,Ill do my best to have themfinished by the next time we meet.#OK.In the last class,we started talking about useful plant fibers.In particular,we talkedabootton fibers,which we said were very useful,not onlyhe textile indus

49、try,but alsohechemical industry,andhe production of many productch as plastics,pr,explosives,andso on.Today well continue talking about useful fibers,and well begin with a fibercommonly known as “Manila hemp.”ts#Now,for some strange reason,many peopevet Manila hemp is a hemp plant.ButManila hemp is

50、not really hemp.Itually a member of the banana family it even bears littlebanana-shd fruits.The “Manila” part of the name makes sense,because Manila hemp isproduced chiefly in the Philippine Islands and,of course,the capital city of the Philippines isManila.#Now,as fibers go,Manila hemp fibers are v

51、ery long.They can easily be several feet in lengthand theyre also very strong,very flexible.They have one more characteristicts veryimportant,andt ist they are exceptionally resistant to salt water.And this combination ofcharacteristicslong,strong,flexible,resistant to salt watermakes Manila hemp a

52、great materialfor ropes,espelly for ropest are gonna be used on ocean-going ships.In fact,by the early1940s,even though steel cables were available,most ships in the United Ses Navy were notmoored with steel cables; they were moored with Manila hemp ropes.#Now,why wast? Well,the main reason wast ste

53、el cables degrade very,very quickly incontact with salt water.If youve ever been to San Francisco,you knowt the Golden GateBridge is red.And its red because of the zinc pat goes on those stainless steel cablest,ifthey starone end of the bridge and they work to the other end,by the time they finish,i

54、tsalready time to go back and start paing the beginning of the bridge again,because the bridgewas built with steel cables,and steel cables cant take the salt air unless theyre treatedrepeatedly wizinc-based pa.#On the other hand,plant products like Manila hemp,you can drag through the ocean forks on

55、 end.If you wanna tie your anchor to it and drop it righto the ocean,ts noproblem, because plant fibers can stand up for months,even years,in direct contact with saltwater.OK.So how do you take plant fiberst individually you could break with your hands andturn themo a ropets strong enough to moor a

56、shipt weighs thousands of tons?Well,what yous you extract these long fibers from the Manila hemp plant,and then you takeseveral of these fibers,and you group themgrey increase their breaking strengtho a bundecause by grouthe fibers yout bundle of fibers is much strongern any of theindividual fiberst

57、 come it.And then you taket bundle of fibers and you twist it a littlebit,because by twisting it,you increase its breaking strength even more.And then you take severalof these littand twist rope.=undles,and you group and twist themo bigger bundles,which you then groupo even bigger bundles,and so on,

58、until eventually,you end up wivery,very strong正确，D。 内容主旨题。教授说今天要讲有用的。总览全文，一直在讲拉麻绳的应用。#正确，B。观点组织题。教授提到她周末离开的事情，就是为了向大家道歉，没有完成自己的工作。#正确一种，B。推理推断题。之前教授提到，出于一些奇怪的原因很多人认为拉是类的植物。实际上，它是香蕉的。甚至它有小小香蕉形的果子。它的部分名字有道理，拉，因为拉院子菲律宾首都拉。可以推断出，教授认为后面的大麻两个字，不合适。#正确，A。观点组织题。这里教授提到的金门大桥，为了说明金属线的一个劣势，在盐水中容易生锈，老化。#正确，C。细节题

59、。大量船只使用拉麻的绳子而不是金属缆绳的原因，就是因为它非常耐盐。#正确，B D。细节多选题。两个使拉麻变的结实的方法，一是将扎成束，另一是将束缠绕在一起。=#大家好。很高兴见到大家。之前，我还以为今天来听课的人会比上次少很多。一般说来，从研究那天开始上课人数的流失率会在 50%到 60%。嗯，我原来有望今天带来你们的结果，但是，嗯，情况是这样的，我上周末不在，原本打算昨天 5 点到，赶在午夜我平时休息的时间全部完成批改，但是航班延误了，直到凌晨么说，我会尽力在下节课前完成。1 点钟才到。不管怎#在上一节课，开始探讨有用的植物。特别是，了一些棉，它们很有用，不仅在纺织业来说，在化工业也是如此，

60、甚至在很多产品中的成果方面，比如、纸、等等。今天继续有用，从大家熟知的很多人认为马尼拉麻是一种类植物。但是拉麻并不是麻类植物。它实际上是香蕉属里的一种它甚至生产形状跟香蕉类似的水果。#这名字中的“宾的首都就是。拉”倒是说得过去，因为拉蕉麻主要产于菲律宾群岛，而菲律#现在，随着人们对的经营开发，拉麻变得很长。它们很容易达到几英尺长，并且十分坚韧。有弹性。它们还有一个重要的特质，非常的耐盐水。综合上述特点，长，坚实，弹性，耐盐水，使得拉麻成了做绳子的绝好材料。尤其是远洋货轮上用的绳子。事实上，到了二十世纪四十年代早期，虽然金属缆绳已经可用，但大量的船只还是没有使用金属缆绳作为停泊的缆线，而是用拉麻