跨文化交际最全课件整套ppt教学课件完整版教学教程全套电子讲义讲义(最新)

1、Unit2British CultureAfter-Class ReviewingIn-Class Learning02In-Class Exchange0304Lead-in Activities01Unit1British Culture单元导读英国文化具有浓厚的宗教色彩。基督教，特别是基督教新教在英国被赋予了特殊的地位。英国人具有强烈的民族自豪感和幽默感，自由和自律的文化精神是其文化特性中极具闪光点的部分。英国人是具有阶级意识的民族。英国人对于出身的贵贱、等级较许多其他西方国家更为敏感。在谈及英国文化特性时，不能不考虑到英国文化的复杂多样性。After learning this uni

2、t, you are expected to be able to: gain a general knowledge of British society and culture; get acquainted with some basic cultural concepts concerning British culture; learn useful words and expressions about British society and culture; adopt a right attitude towards cultural differences.A Helping

3、 HandDirections: Read the following letter without using your dictionary. After reading the letter, work in groups to discuss the following questions. Then read Davids Response to make your idea more comprehensive.Dear David,I graduated from university several years ago and now I am a university Eng

4、lish teacher. Last week my department sent me to the airport to meet a visiting British professor. When I met him at the airport he had two heavy suitcases and some smaller bags. He was an older man, in his sixties I think, and we couldnt find a luggage cart, so I wanted to help him with his luggage

5、. Several times I offered to take one of the heavy suitcases from him, and each time he insisted that he could carry the suitcases himself. However, he seemedto be having some difficulty moving both of the suitcases, so at one point when we stopped and he put the suitcases down, I just picked one up

6、. When I picked up the suitcase he said “ I can handle this myself ,” but I thought he was just being polite so I went off toward the van with the suitcase. However, when we got to the van he seemed annoyed with me, and he hardly spoke at all to me the whole way to our school.Why did he get upset wi

7、th me? Was it wrong to try to help him with his luggage? Sincerely, Joyce1. Why do you think the professor became annoyed?2. What do you think Davids response to Joyces questions will be?QuestionsDavids ResponseDear Joyce,I am honestly not sure why the British professor reacted like that. It may hav

8、e been partly because he was very tired and irritable（易怒的）after a long flight. However, my guess is that cultural factors played a role in the episode.His refusal to let you help probably had something to do with the British emphasis on self- reliance. Of course British people are often willing to a

9、ccept help from others, especially in situations where they are in need. However, most British people are taught from an early age that they should take care of themselves, and in general they view self-reliance as a virtue. Because of this, most British people try to do things for themselves as muc

10、h as possible, and some may even feel a little insulted if someone tries to helpthem too much it seems to imply that they cant take care of themselves.I also have a hunch（感觉）that he felt it was a mans duty to do the heavy work rather than having a woman carry heavy bags for him. Despite the growing

11、emphasis in the West on equality between men and women, the idea that it is a gentlemans duty to help ladies is still strong, especially among older generations of Western men.I suspect that two of you saw the situation from very different perspectives. You probably saw the situation as a host helpi

12、ng a guest, while he saw it as a young woman trying to help a man despite of his older age, he was still perfectly capable of taking care of himself! You know, some older British people dont like it when people assume that they cant take care of themselves. I note in your letter that the man said he

13、 “could carry the suitcase himself .” If those are the words he used, I bet he wasimplying he still wasnt too old to take care of himself. I also guess he didnt know enough about Chinese culture to understand the obligations（义务）that Chinese hosts feel towards guests.It was nice of you to offer to he

14、lp the man and I would encourage you to do the same thing again if the occasion arises. Not all Englishmen would be so unwilling to accept your help. However, next time if an Englishman doesnt seem to want help, dont insist too hard. Sincerely, DavidDirections: Test your knowledge about British cult

15、ure (True or False).( ) 1.( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. Britain shares territory with the Republic of Ireland.Canada is included in the United Kingdom.The expression “Backbone of England ” is used to refer to the Pennines（奔宁山脉）.Big Ben is a famous bridge in London.Almost all the K

16、ings or Queens of Britain have been crowned at Westminster Abbey.Buckingham Palace is the London resident for the Prime Minister.The famous street where officers of the most important ministries of the United Kingdom are located is called Wall Street.The Speakers Corner inside Hyde Park is a place w

17、here members of Parliament meet.TTTFTFFFDirections: Test your knowledge about British culture (True or False).( ) 9.( ) 10. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is situated on the mouth of Thames River.Great Britain consists of Scotland, England and Ireland.TFDirections: Read the following sit

18、uations and choose the appropriate answer(s). There may be more than one possible answer for each cultural puzzle.Situation 1Why do you think the American was surprised?a. The American woman saw a picture of her friends husband and thought that he was very handsome.b. The American woman didnt think

19、her own husband was handsome.c. In the U.S., it is disrespectful to say that ones husband is not handsome.An American woman received a letter from a recently married Japanese friend. The Japanese woman wrote in her letter,“ My husband is not very handsome, while yours is much more handsome than mine

20、.” The American woman was very surprised at what her friend wrote.Situation 2Why do you think the Japanese woman wrote ,“ My husband is not very handsome”?a. The Japanese woman was trying to tell her American friend that she did not like her husband very much.b. It is uncommon in Japan to compliment

21、 ones husband.c. The Japanese woman didnt think her husband was handsome, but she liked his personality.The English CharacterTo other Europeans, the best-known quality of the British, especially English, is “ reserved.” A reserved person is one who does not talk too much with strangers, does not sho

22、w much emotion, or seldom gets excited. It is difficult to get to know a reserved person: he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without even knowing wherehe lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that.If th

23、ey are making a journey by bus, they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment （隔间）. If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. If a conversation does start, personal questions like “ How old ar

24、e you ?” are not easily asked.Reluctance（勉强）to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways since it tends to give the impression of coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps those in the North) are not noted for their generosity（慷慨）and hospitality（好客）. On the other

25、 hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking down the barrier. We may also mention at this point that the people of the North and West, especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than

26、 those of the South and the East.Closely related to English reserve is English modesty（谦 逊）. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited（自负的）than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. Self-praise is felt to be impolite. If a person

27、 is, let us say, very good at tennis and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply “Yes” because people will think him conceited. He will probably give an answer like “ Im not bad ” or “ I think Im very good ” or “ Well, Im very keen on tennis .” Even if he had managed to reach t

28、he finals in last years local championships, he would say it in such a way as to suggest that it was only due to a piece of good luck.The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting- point is self- dispraise, and its great enemy is conceit. Its object is the ability to laugh at oneselfat

29、ones own faults, ones own failure, even at ones own ideals. The criticism ,“ He has no sense of humor ” is very commonly heard in Britain, where humor is highly prized. A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectf

30、ul or malicious（恶意的）. The English do not laugh at a cripple（瘸子）or a madman, or a tragedy or an honorable failure.Since they are reserved, a show of modesty and a sense of humor are part of his own nature, the typical Englishman tends to expect them in others. He secretly looks down on more excitable

31、 nations, and likes to think of himself as more reliable than them. He does not trust big promises and open shows of feelings, especially if they are expressed in flowery（华丽的）language. He does not trust self- praise of any kind. This applies not only to what other people may tell him about himself o

32、rally, but also to the letters they may write to him. To those who are fond of flowery expressions, the Englishman may appear uncomfortably cold.Finally, the topic of sportsmanship. Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal, which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport i

33、n this modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, rugby（英式橄榄球）, football, hockey（曲棍球）, tennis and cricket （板球）were all first organized and given rules in Britain. Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while also

34、shows generosity to ones opponent（对手）and good temper in defeat. The high pressure of modern international sport makes these ideals difficult to keep, but they are at least highly valued in Britain and are certainly achieved there more commonly than among more excitable peoples. Moreover, sportsmansh

35、ip as an ideal is applied to life in general and this is proved by a number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech. Everybody talks about “ fair play ” and “ playing the game ” or “playing fair.” Borrowed from boxing,“ straight from the shoulder ” is used to describe a well-aimedstrong criticism,

36、 and “ below the belt ” is used to describe an unfair one. One of the most elementary rules of life is “ never hit a man when hes down.” In other words, never take advantage of a persons misfortune（不 幸）. English schoolboys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a surprisingly high degree in their

37、 relations with each other.Directions: Decide whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F).A reserved person is one who is quite emotional, and tends to get excited easily.The British people are not noted for their generosity and hospitality.The Welsh are much less reserved than people o

38、f the South and the East.A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes.“Straight from the shoulder ” and “ below the belt ” are sporting terms borrowed from rugby.Personal questions like “How old is your husband?” are not easily asked by British people.( ) 1.

39、( ) 2.( ) 3.( ) 4.( ) 5.FFTTF( ) 6.TDirections: Work in pairs and discuss what an Englishman or woman would usually do in the following situations?An Englishman makes a journey to somewhere by train.Someone pays compliments to an Englishmans skills in tennis.Theres something quite funny happening in

40、 public and an Englishman happens to see it.Directions: Study the following sayings and discuss with your partner about the Chinese versions.1. Strike while the iron is hot.2. One mans meat is anothers poison.3. Where there is a will, there is a way.4. God helps those who help themselves.5. Blood is

41、 thicker than water6. He who would climb a ladder must begin at the bottom.7. Birds of a feather flock together.8. Tell me who walks with you, and Ill tell you who you are.9. If you want something done right, do it yourself.10. If you risk nothing, then you risk everything.11. A penny saved is a pen

42、ny earned.12. Absence makes the heart grow fonder.1）乘热打铁 2）萝卜青菜各有所爱3）有志者事竟成 4）上帝愿助自助之人5）血浓于水 6）万事从头起7）物以类聚 8）交什么样的朋友，做什么样的人9）己所不欲勿施于人 10）不敢尝试才是最大的风险11）会赚不如会省 12）距离产生美感Whats Typically British?BreakfastBritish people used to sit down to enjoy a traditional cooked breakfast which consisted of cereals（谷

43、类）or porridge, followed by fried eggs, fried bread, sausages, bacon, fried tomatoes, fried mushrooms and even kippers（腌鱼）. Then you had toast and marmalade（果酱）and lots of tea. Nowadays, however, most people just grab a cup of coffee and a piece of toast standing up in the kitchen, before rushing off

44、 to school or work. In fact, only one in eight families sit down together for breakfast.GardeningThe British always loves gardens. Walk down the street on a summer evening and everybodys out watering or weeding. In fact, until television arrived, gardening used to be the most popular hobby in Britai

45、n. Nearly two out of three Britons thought of gardening as “ outside housework”.Driving on the leftUntil the early 19th century, traffic used to drive on the left in most European countries. But nowadays they have all changed over to the right, all except Britain. Fortunately, visitors to Britain so

46、on get used to looking right instead of left when they cross the road.Fish and chipsFish and chip shops used to be the only take- away food shops in Britain. The food was wrapped in newspaper and eaten with your fingers. Today there are a lot more choices. People have been used to eating Indian, Chi

47、nese, Italian and American “fast” food.SummerThe season, which sometimes comes to Britain but usually, does not. At least the rain gets warmer. August is, in fact, the third wettest month of the year. British people are used to it but they still complain. Older people, in particular, love to grumble

48、（抱怨）about it :“ Summer was not as bad as this when I was a child!”TeaTea used to be much more popular than coffee. Although much more coffee is drunk now ,six out of ten hot drinks consumed in Britain are tea, usually made with tea bags and milk. Many foreigners still believe that the whole country

49、comes to a stop（停止）at 5 oclock when the British have their tea. Perhaps, this used to be true, but not any longer.A Chinese English teacher went to Soochow University, UK as a visiting scholar.Once she went to visit an English couple in Manchester. The couple came to the railway station to pick her

50、up together with their five- year old son. As soon as they met, the host took Chinese teachers backpack over and gave it to his son, as he said, “Be a gentleman, Michael.” Then, the little stout child followed all the way. The Chinese teacher felt embarrassed and wanted to carry it herself. However,

51、 the hostess insisted,“ Its OK. We feel proud of him, being able to do something for a lady!”Gardening still remains the most popular hobby in Britain.Directions: Decide whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F). ( )1. ( )2. ( )3.FTFFish and chips shops used to be the only take-away f

52、ood shops in Britain.Most British families still keep the habit of sitting down together for breakfast.Before the early 19th century, traffic drove on the left side of the road in most European countries.The summer season in Britain is not as pleasant as it used to be in the past. ( )4.T ( )5.TIf so

53、meone asks you “What is your impression of a Westerner?” and you say “All Westerners have a big nose.” What you are doing is stereotyping Westerners. A stereotype is a conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion or image of a group of people. Brad Edmondson has this characterizat

54、ion about the people in different parts of the United States: Regional stereotypes have been part of America since its foundationWesterners are trendy, Midwesterners are dull, Northeasterners are brainy, and Southerners are lazy.Complete the following descriptions of regional Chinese (东北人、城里人、上海人、北京

55、人、潮州人).Directions:Discuss in groups if the following stereotypes are sweeping generalizations and if there are prejudices or biased judgments. In cross- cultural communication, how should we be on guard against any transactions that are based on unjustified stereotype?Activity 1SurveyVirtuesEvery cu

56、lture has a set of virtues that it values especially highly. For example, in the culture of the Bedouin, the most emphasized virtues are: hospitality, generosity, courage, honor, and self-respect. Survey several classmates and ask what virtues they think Chinese culture emphasizes most. Take notes a

57、nd be ready to report.Activity 2DebateImage of MotherDirections: How would you describe your mother or grandmother? Then study the remarks made by Linell Davis. Do you agree with them or not? Why? Give your detailed comments.Native English speakers teaching in China often comment that their students

58、 writing is rich in visual and other sensory images, but at the same time they also say that it is too sentimental. What they mean is that Chinese students tend to idealize what they are writing about. The writer is presenting a person, or situation as he or she thinks it should be rather than how i

59、t is observed to be. The writer may not intend to portray a realistic picture of the world. Foreign teachers cautioned one another ,“ Dont ask them to write an essay about their mothers or grandmothers. All you get is stereotypes about devotion and sacrifice. They will all sound alike.”Case 1A CallK

60、athy and David, are a couple from the U.S., signed a one-year contract to work in China. Both were extroverted and soon made some Chinese friends.Before long, people started making a call to their home. David was sometimes away on business trips, and if someone looked for him, Kathy would often find