2023版高考英语一轮总复习第2部分基础语法讲练专题1词法篇第3讲代词课件

1、专题一词法篇第3讲代词高考感知1(2021全国新高考卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in _(I)【答案与解析】1mine考查人称代词。句意：正如这首歌所唱的，这条漫长而蜿蜒的道路“从来不会消失”，而且它总是会留存在游客们的记忆之中。确实，它也会留存在我的记忆中。根据前面的“the visitors memory”可知，这里应该是指“我的记忆中”。由于空格后面没有

2、memory，只能用名词性物主代词。故填mine。2(2021全国甲卷改编)Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a _ choose to deal with the problems on _ own.【答案与解析】2few；their考查代词。根据句意可知，此处是指“极少数人选择独立处理这些问题”。第一个空格后面省略了students。这里应该是指他们。故分别填few, their。3(2021全国新高考卷)Ecotourism has _(it) origin with the environmen

3、tal movement of the 1970s.【答案与解析】3its考查人称代词。根据后面的名词origin可知，这里应该用形容词性物主代词，修饰该名词，指“它的起源”。故填its。4(2020全国卷)Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.【答案与解析】4its考查代词。句意：关于

4、月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。5(2020全国卷改编)“Not that way，” my mom tried to stop_(I) but failed.【答案与解析】5me考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格。故填me。6(2020全国卷改编)Best of luck with _(you) learning kung fu in China.【答

5、案与解析】6your考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。7(2020江苏卷改编)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _.【答案与解析】7whatever考查代词。句意：这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。分析句子成分可知，此处作“goes for”的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合语境。8(2

6、020全国新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine_(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.【答案与解析】8themselves考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。9

7、(2019天津卷改编)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than _ who are not.【答案与解析】9those考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。考情分析1考查人称代词的主格和宾格；2考查物主代词的基本用法；3考查it的基本用法；4考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。考点突破考点一人称代词Give me a challenge，an

8、d I will meet it with joy.给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。分类例词句法功能主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they主要用作主语，有时用作表语宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them作动词或介词的宾语；在口语中常作宾语、表语考点二物主代词He invited some friends of his to their party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加他们的宴会。分类例词句法功能形容词性物主代词my，our，your，his，her，its，their作定语名词性物主代词mine，ours，yours，his，hers，its

9、，theirs作主语、宾语或表语考点三反身代词习惯用法例词与介词搭配by oneself 独自地for oneself 亲自of oneself 自动地in oneself 本质上；本身与动词搭配come to oneself苏醒；恢复知觉dress oneself打扮；自己穿衣devote oneself to致力于；献身于behave oneself举止规矩有礼；检点习惯用法例词与动词搭配apply oneself to专心致志于help oneself to随便吃/用enjoy oneself玩得开心seat oneself就座；入席make yourself at home别客气ada

10、pt/adjust oneself to适应于teach oneself自学speak to oneself自言自语think for oneself独立思考考点四指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个/些” “那个/些”。常用的指示代词有this，that，these，those等；such，so，the same在某些用法中一般也当作指示代词看。I want this book，not that book.我要这本书，不是那本书。指示代词近指远指单数复数thisthatthesethose考点五不定代词不定代词主要有：all，each，every，both，either

11、，neither，one，none，little，few，many，much，other，another，some，any，no等。还有由some，any，no和every构成的合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every，no只能作定语)。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。1both, all, either, neither与none的区别代词用法both(1)表示“两者(都)”(2)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式(3)与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都”(表示全部否定需用neither)all(1

12、)指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”(2)作主语，指人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓语动词通常用单数形式(3)与not连用表示部分否定(表示完全否定需用none)代词用法either(1)表示“(两者中的)任何一个”(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一个”需用any)(2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式neither(1)表示“(两者)都不”(2)单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式(3)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式代词用法none(1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”(2)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，

13、也可用复数形式(3)既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是教师。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。He is either Japanese or Chinese.他要么是日本人，要么是中国人。Not all the ants go out for food./All the ants dont go out for food.并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去觅食。2each和every代词用法each(1)强调个体，可作代词或

14、形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”(2)可以与of短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语或定语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致Each student in our class has a dictionary.我们每个学生都有一本词典。(定语，强调各个个体)We each got a ticket.我们每人拿到一张票。(同位语)代词用法every(1)强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”(2)与not连用构成部分否定(3)可用来表示“每隔”(4)不可与of短语连用3the other和an

15、other，the others和others代词用法the other可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词；另外，another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”，表示“另外的”others/theothersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用；特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the othersHe got two books；one is a textbook，and the other is a novel.他有两本书，其中一本是教材

16、，另一本是小说。Five of the pencils are red；the others (the other pencils) are yellow.五支铅笔是红色的，其余的都是黄色的。Some are singing；others are dancing.一些人在唱，另一些人在跳。This coat is too dark.Please show me another.这件外衣颜色太深了。请再拿给我另一件。(宾语)4表数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示意义含义few修饰或代替可数名词否定含义几乎没有a few修饰或代替可数名词肯定含义几个；一些little修饰或代替不可数名词否定含义几乎

17、没有a little修饰或代替不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰或代替可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰或代替不可数名词肯定含义许多考点六it的用法1it的基本用法用法例句指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring, but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。用法例句代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词Although he didnt like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。指不知性别的孩子、婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原

18、因而不知对方是谁)What will you call it if it is a boy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？2it作形式主语或形式宾语常用句型it作形式主语It is a pity/shame that 真可惜It is no wonder that 难怪It seems/appears that 似乎/看来It looks/seems as if/as though 看起来好像It happens that 碰巧常用句型it作形式主语It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that 某人突然想起It is said/reported t

19、hat 据说/据报道It is certain that 是一定的。It is no use/good doing 做没有用/好处。It takes sb.some time to do 做花费某人若干时间。常用句型it作形式宾语主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/ keepitadj./n.for/of sb.to do/that从句主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keepituseless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/m

20、oney/energydoing3it的常用短语或句型make it 获得成功；赶上see to it that 确保count on/rely on/depend on it that 相信as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样When it comes to 当涉及/谈到I cant help it () 我没办法/情不自禁()I take it that 我理解的是Its (high) time that sb.did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。Its the first/second/time that sb.have/has done sth

21、.这是某人第一次/二次/次做某事了。It is/has been since 自从已过了时间了。It will be/was before 要过时间才/在之前已过了时间。技巧点拨语法填空解题“2定向”1通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式(1)如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格； (2)如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格； (3)如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词； (4)如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词。2通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it；(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it

22、；(4)注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see toit从句。对点特训.单句语法填空1Though the bird then began to walk away，_ kept turning around to make sure he was following.2_(it) aim is to honour and celebrate Americas children and stress the importance of love as they grow up.3One cup of coffee in the late a

23、fternoon or evening will cause_(they) to stay awake almost all night.【答案】1it2Its3them4In 1838, Charles Dickens referred to “fried fish warehouses (仓库)” in_ novel Oliver Twist.5The HZMB will make_ much more convenient to travel between the three areas it connects.6In order to determine the nature of

24、different herbs, he tasted various kinds of plants, testing _(they) individual effects.【答案】4his5it6their7When I learned more about the food，I began to understand why_ has this special feature.8All the four artists gave white porcelain a model style，each in_(they) own way.9Letters Alive took_(it) ide

25、a from a UK program, Letters Live, released in 201310In the next few years，Hangzhou will try its best to prepare _ for the big show.【答案】7it8their9its10itself.写作运用1这是我的狗。它的名字叫汤姆。_2这咖啡是你的还是她的？_【答案】1Here is my dog.Its name is Tom.2Is that coffee yours or hers?3她太小，无法照顾自己。_4我们认识很多年了。_【答案】3She is too you

26、ng to look after herself.4We had known each other for many years.5你为什么事烦恼？_6路的两边都有树。_【答案】5What are you worrying about?6There are trees on each side of the road.语法填空The party we held last Saturday was a real success.1_ seemed to have a good time.And the food was perfect.Almost 2_ was left.Henry said that he real