虚拟语气知识框架1

1、PAGE PAGE 9虚 拟 语 气知 识 框框 架 1. 含含有条件状状语从句的的复合句 三大版块块 2. 宾宾语从句（11）wissh+宾语语从句虚 (2 ) sugggestt+宾语从从句拟 33. 其它它从句语 用过去去式表现在在情况气 11. 时态态后退型 用过去完完成式表过过去 两种形形式 用过去将将来表将来来 22. shhouldd+动词原原形型 内 容 详详 述I. 含有有条件状语语从句的复复合句(以以do为例例;S=主主语)时 间条件状语从从句主 句与现在事实实相反的假假设If +SS+diddS+wouuld/sshoulld/coould/mighht+doo与过去事实

2、实相反的假假设If +SS+hadd donneS+wouuld/sshoulld/coould/mighht+haave ddone与将来事实实相反的假假设didIf+S sshoulld doone wwere to ddoS+wouuld/sshoulld/coould/mighht+doo注意事项：1倒装句句。如果条条件句中含含有功能词词had，sshoulld，weere时，可可以省去IIf，把功功能词提前前，构成倒倒装句。2混合时时间。若条条件句和主主句动作不不存在同一一个时间，则则谓语形式式应根据具具体情况而而定。3If therre weerent/haad noot beee

3、n +=witthoutt4If it wwere not for/ Iff it hadnnt bbeen for= buut foor5othherwiise+虚虚拟语气的的句子6虚拟语语气的句子子，butt+ 陈述述事实的句句子II. 宾宾语从句 sb. ddid (希望现现在用过去去式) 1. wiish+tthat sb.had donee（希望过过去用过去去完成式）sb.woould/soulld doo（希望将将来用过去去将来）2. suuggesst+（tthat）SS+shoould+do 表示愿望、建议、请请求等主观观意向的动动词之后的的宾语从句句，谓语用用shouuld

4、动词原形形，shoould常常常省略。这类词有：deciide，ddemannd，deesiree，inssist，oorderr，prooposee，sugggestt，reccommeend，rrequeestedd， reequirre等。 注意：1. suuggesst 当“建议”讲时，其其宾语从句句用虚拟语语气；当“表明”时，用陈陈述语气 2. innsistt 当坚持持“看法或建建议”时，宾语语从句用虚虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实实”时，用陈陈述语气3. 所有有和以上动动词相关的的从句均应应该用虚拟拟语气（1）在IIt iss 过去去分词tthat S+( shouuld )+do这

5、类过去分分词有：ddecidded，ddemannded，ddesirred，iinsissted，oorderred，ppropoosed，ssuggeestedd，reccommeendedd，reqquestted， requuiredd等。 eg. IIt iss dessiredd thaat wee（shoould）gget eeveryythinng reeady thiss eveeningg (2) 在在It iis 名名词thhat SS+( sshoulld )+do 这类名词有有：advvice，ddecission，ddesirre，deemandd，ideea，mo

6、otionn，ordder，ppity，pprefeerencce，prropossal，rrecommmenddatioon， rrequiiremeent，rresollutioon，shhame，ssuggeestioon，suurpriise， wishh，wonnder等等。eg. IIt iss my propposall thaat hee ( sshoulld )bbe seent tto sttudy furtther abrooad (3)虚拟拟语气用在在同位语从从句中。 某些表示建建议、请求求、命令等等主观意向向的名词后后同位语从从句需用虚虚拟语气，其其表达形式式为(sh

7、houldd) 动动词原形。这类名词常常见的有：adviice，ssuggeestioon，prropossal，oorderr， deemandd，dessire，rrequeest，rrequiiremeent，rrecommmenddatioon以及pplan，iidea，rresollutioon等。 eg. WWe arre alll foor yoour ppropoosal thatt thee disscusssion ( shhouldd )bee putt offf (4) 虚虚拟语气用用在表语从从句中。某些表示建建议、请求求、命令等等主观意向向的名词作作主语时，表表语从句

8、需需用虚拟语语气，其表表达形式为为(shoould) 动词词原形。这类名词常常见的有（同同3 中的的名词）：adviice，ssuggeestioon，prropossal，oorderr， deemandd，dessire，rrequeest，rrequiiremeent，rrecommmenddatioon以及pplan，iidea，rresollutioon等。eg. MMy suuggesstionn is thatt thee mayyor (shouuld)ppreseent tthe pprizees. III. 其它从句句(1) IIt iss（aboout highh）tim

9、me tthat sb.ddid ssth/sshoulld doo sthh. eg. Dont yoou thhink itss aboout ttime we wwent homee？ 注：在thhis iis thhe fiirst timee seecondd timme thhat句型中中，从句中中谓语动词词用陈述语语气完成时时态。 eg.Iss thiis thhe fiirst timee thaat yoou haave vvisitted HHongkkong？ (2) as if（aas thhoughh）引导的的方式状语语从句中。 在as iif（ass thoough

10、）引引导的方式式状语从句句中，常用用虚拟语气气，其动词词形式与wwish后后接宾语从从句中的形形式相同。 eg. AAlan talkked aaboutt Romme ass if he wwere a Rooman (3) 虚虚拟语气用用在lesst，foor feear tthat及及in ccase引引导的目的的状语从句句中。 在在由lesst等引导导的目的状状语从句中中需用虚拟拟语气，表表示“以防，以以免”等意思，其其谓语动词词多由shhouldd 动词词原形构成成，shoould也也可省略。 eg. HHe waas puunishhed llest he sshoulld maa

11、ke tthe ssame misttake agaiin (4) 虚虚拟语气在在表示客气气、遗憾以以及祝愿等等场合中，使使用虚拟语语气。 eg.Yoou shhoulddnt havee beeen foollowwing him so ccloseely；yyou sshoulld haave kkept yourr disstancce (5) wouuld rratheer sbb. diid stth. eg. Idd ratther you camee herre foor thhe annswerr tommorroow moorninng.(6) IIf onnly ssb./

12、ssth. +时态后后退型的谓谓语 eeg. IIf onnly yyou wwere heree witth mee rigght nnow.练习1 . II wass illl thaat daay, ootherrwisee I _ thhe spportss meeet. A. woulld haave ttakenn parrt inn BB. woould takee parrt inn C. shouuld ttakenn parrt inn DD. haad taaken partt in2. Hoow I wishh it _！ A. isnt raaininng B. di

13、dnnt rrain C. wereent rainning D. doeesntt raiin3. I woulld raatherr youu _ nextt Sunnday. A. comee B. ccame CC. wiill ccome D. are comiing4. I sugggest thatt Marry _ to the lectture hersself. A. go B. ggoes C. wwouldd go D. wentt5. Buut heer faace ssuggeests thatt _ friighteened indeeed. A. is B. w

14、erre C. has beenn DD. bee6. Thhe heeadmaasterr reqquestted tthat everryonee _ pressent at tthe cceremmony. A. be B. woulld bee C. was D. mmust be7. Itt is neceessarry thhat tthe rresullt off an expeerimeent _ . A. be ccheckked aand rrecheeckedd B. wouuld bbe chheckeed C. shouuld bbe chheck and rechh

15、eck DD. iss cheeckedd andd reccheckked8. Iff I _ yoou，I woould not singg succh soongs. A. was B. weree CC. amm D. willl bee9. I am ssorryy youu tolld hiim thhe seecrett. I wishh youu _ him the secrret. A. didnnt ttell B. woulldntt telll C. willl nott telll D. had not toldd10. SShe llookss as if sshe

16、 _ noothinng abbout it bbeforre. AA. knnows B. woulld knnow CC. haad knnown DD. haas knnown11 . The man insiistedd thaat hee _ssee tthat straange a maan. AA. haadntt seeen BB. diidntt seee C. shoouldnnt ssee D. wouuldnt seee12. HHe innsistted tthat she _ tthe mmatteer att thee meeetingg. AA. taake u

17、up B. ttakess up CC. wiill ttake up D. wouuld ttake up13. IIt iss neccessaary tthat _ aan exxplannatioon foor hiis abbsencce frrom cclasss. AA. hee givves B. he gavee C. hhe wiill ggive DD. hee givve14. II thiink iits timee we _. AA. geet upp B. set out C. turnn to sb. D. mmake a deecisiion 15. II r

18、emmembeer thhe whhole thinng ass if it _ yeesterrday.A. wiill hhappeen B. wwouldd happpen CC. haappenned DD. haad haappenned16. II nevver eexpeccted thatt thee prooblemm _ so ccompllicatted. AA. shhouldd be B. wwill be C. wwas D. wouuld bbe17. IIf wee _ winggs liike bbirdss, wee shoould be aable to

19、ffly iin thhe skky. AA. haave BB. haad C. havving D. hhave had18. II likke thhe fiilm vvery muchh. I wishh I _ itt lasst yeear wwhen it wwas oon foor thhe fiirst ttime in oour ccity. AA. saaw B. seee C hhad sseen D. wouuld ssee19. II wonnt bbe abble tto goo theere ttomorrrow. _ ttheree tommorroow，I

20、woould see you. AA. Weere II go B. Wennt I C. shouuld II go D. If II go20. II wouuld hhave gonee to Amerrica withh my frieends, butt I _ byy my mothher. AA. waas sttoppeed BB. woould be sstoppped C. wwill be sstoppped D. weree stooppedd21 . Tom and Ann requuiredd thaat wee _ at tthe bbanquuet aat si

21、ix inn thee eveeningg. AA. woould be B. couuld bbe C. shoould be D. migght bbe22. HHe _ pay muchh atttentiion tto sttudyiing mmethoods；otheerwisse hee wouuld hhave not ffalleen beehindd thee othhers. AA. diidntt B. doessnt C. wont D. cannt23. II wouuld hhave gonee to see you yestterdaay, bbut II _ n

22、o ttime. AA. haad B. hhad hhad C. wwouldd havve D. shouuld hhave24. _ foor thhe leeaderrshipp of the Partty, wwe shhouldd havve faailedd. AA. Haad itt nott beeen B. IIt haad noot beeen CC. Iff it weree nott D. If it iis noot25. TThe bbeauttifull girrl innsistts thhat sshe _ thhere hersself. AA. goo

23、B. wouuld ggo CC. gooes D. wouuld ggo26. IIt iss verry coold ttodayy. Ottherwwise we_outt to havee a wwalk. AA. caan goo BB. coould go C. wwill go D. wwouldd havve goone27. IIf thhe dooctorr _ heree earrlierr, thhe wooundeed woorkerr wouuld hhave beenn savved. AA. caame B. hadd comme CC. haas coome

24、D. commes28. MMarys wiish iis thhat sshe _ laaw innsteaad off hisstoryy wheen shhe waas inn colllegee. AA. haas sttudieed B. had studdied CC. sttudieed D. wwouldd stuudy29. IIt iss neccessaary tthat you _ aan enntrannce eexamiinatiion. AA. muust ttake B. wouuld ttake CC. shhouldd takke D. coulld30.

25、IIf onnly hhe _ quuietlly ass thee docctor insttructted，he wwouldd nott sufffer so mmuch now. A. liies B. lay CC. haad laain D. sshoulld liie31 . Whatt if he _ soome mmistaakes lastt nigght? AA. haad maade B. madee C. hhave madee D. hass madde32. He wwouldd go to ssee yyou.” “ _ he did not comee? AA

26、. Whhat iif B. Wheere iif C. WWhat comee D. Why whetther33. IIf yoou _ witth Geeorgee yessterdday mmorniing, you woulld noot bee so angrry noow. AA. taalk B. werre taalkinng C. woulld taalk D. hhad ttalkeed34 . _ tthe ssun, nothhing on eearthh couuld llive. AA. Weere iit noot too BB. Iff it weree no

27、tt to CC. Iff it weree nott forr D. If iit haad noot beeen ffor35. IIve got suchh a ssuggeestioon thhat eeveryy fammily _ aa larrge hhousee likke thhat！ AA. haas B. havee C. willl haave DD. haad haad36. WWithoout ssteell , ttheree _ no iindusstry. AA. woould be B. wwill be C. aare D. weree37. II wou

28、uld rratheer thhey _ baack aas sooon aas poossibble. A. willl comme B. ccome C. aree comming D. camee38. MMy prropossal iis thhat tthe pprobllem _ att thee nexxt meeetinng. AA. shhouldd be disccusseed BB. muust bbe diiscusssed CC. iss disscusssed D. willl bee disscusssed39. II wass bussy thhat dday.

29、 Otheerwisse I _ tto haave aa chaat wiith yyou. AA. haad coome B. woulld haave ccome C. shoould havee comme D. wwill comee40. IIt iss ordderedd thaat thhe woork_ att oncce. AA. bee staartedd BB. wiill bbe sttarteed C. wouuld bbe sttarteed D. mustt be starrted41. HHe heesitaated for a moomentt beffor

30、e kickking the balll, ottherwwise he _ a goall. A. had scorred B. scoored C. wwouldd scoore D. woulld haave sscoreed42. HHadnt myy carr brooken downn，I _ thee traain. AA. woould havee cauught B. migght ccatchh CC. coould catcch D. hhad ccaughht43. IIf hee _ the poliicemaan hoonesttly , he woulld noo

31、t haave bbeen arreestedd. AA. woould havee ansswereed B. aansweered C. shoould answwer D. had answweredd44. BBut ffor hhis hhelp，I_. AA. shhouldd nott havve suucceeeded B. hhad nnot ssucceeededd CC. diid noot suucceeed DD. haave nnot ssucceeededd45. WWhen Edisson ddied，it wwas ppropoosed thatt thee

32、Ameericaan peeoplee _ alll poower in ttheirr houuses, strreetss, annd faactorries for seveeral minuutes in hhonorr of thiss greeat mman. AA. tuurnedd offf B. turrn offf C. woulld tuurn ooff D. wwill turnn offf46. HHer ssuggeestioon waas thhat wwe, aafterr finnishiing oour wwork， _ the otheer grroups

33、s. AA. heelpedd B. wwill helpp CC. heelp D. woulld heelp47. If hhe _ , he _ thhat ffood. Luckkily he wwas ssent to tthe hhospiital immeediattely. AA. waas waarnedd；woulld noot taake B. hadd beeen waarnedd；woulld noot haave ttakenn CC. woould be wwarneed; hhad nnot ttakenn D. wwouldd havve beeen wwar

34、need; hhad nnot ttakenn48. IIf onnly II _ as yyoungg as you are！ AA. beeing B. am C. bbe D. werre49. IIt iss preeferaable thatt alll canndy-ddatess _ in ttheirr seaats uuntill thee pappers are colllecteed. AA. sttay B. willl staay C. staayed D. sshalll staay50. II _ you somee monney, but I haadntt a

35、nyy on me tthen.A. woould lendd BB. woould havee lennt C. ccouldd lennd D. mmay hhave lentt01-005 ACCBAB 0610AAABDCC 111-15 BAADBD 166-200 ABCCCA 2125 CCAAAAA26-330 BBBBCC 31-335AADCB 336-440 ADDABA 4145DAADAB 466-500 CBDDAB 第二节完完形填空（共共20小题题；每小题题1.5分分，满分330分阅读下下面短文，掌掌握其大意意，然后从从36-555各题所所给的四个个选项（AA，B

36、，CC和D）中中，选出最最佳选项。Be caarefuul whhat yyou ssay aarounnd yoour ddog. It mmightt unddersttand _51_ yyou tthinkk.A borrder colllie _52_ Ricco reecognnizess thee nammes oof abbout 200 objeects, sayy ressearccherss in Germmany. Thee dogg alsso apppearrs too be ablee to learrn neew woords as _53_ aas a 3-y

37、eear-oold cchildd. Itts woord-llearnning skillls aare aas goood aas _54_ of a paarrott or cchimppanzeee. IIn onne exxperiimentt, thhe reesearrcherrs toook aall 2200 iitemss thaat Riico iis suuppossed tto knnow aand _55_ thhem iinto 20 ggroupps off 10 objeects. Theen thhe owwner toldd thee dogg to go

38、 aand ffetchh onee of the itemms annd brring it bback. In fourr tessts, Ricoo gott 37 out of 440 coommannds _56_. _57_ tthe ddog ccoulddnt see anyoone tto geet cllues, thee sciientiists beliieve Ricoo musst unndersstandd thee meaaninggs off cerrtainn worrds.In _558_ eexperrimennt, tthe sscienntistts

39、 toook oone ttoy tthat Ricoo hadd _599_ seeen bbeforre annd puut itt in a rooom wwith seveen tooys wwhosee nammes tthe ddog aalreaady kknew. Thee ownner tthen toldd Ricco too fettch tthe oobjecct, uusingg a _60_ tthe ddog hhad nneverr heaard bbeforre.The ccorreect oobjecct _661_ iin seeven out of 11

40、0 teests, _622_ thhat tthe ddog hhad _63_ tthe aansweer byy proocesss of elimminattion (排除法法). AA monnth llaterr, Riico rrememmbereed haalf oof thhe neew naames, whiich iis evven mmore imprressiive. Ricoo is thouught to bbe smmarteer thhan tthe 664 dogg. Foor onne thhing, Ricco iss a bbordeer coolli

41、ee, a breeed (品品种) kknownn forr itss menntal abillitiees. _65_, the 9-yeear-oold ddog hhas bbeen _66_ tto feetch toyss _677_ thheir namees siince the age of nnine montths.Its hardd to knoww if all dogss unddersttand at lleastt somme off thee worrds wwe saay. _68_ tthey do, theyy cannt ttalk backk. _

42、669_, it wwoulddnt hurtt to sweeet-taalk yyour dog everry noow annd thhen. You mighht juust gget aa bigg, weet _70_ in rreturrn!51. AA. otther thannB. rratheer thhanC. mmore thannD. mmuch moree52. AA. caallinngB. wwith the namee of C. nameedD. bby thhe naame 53. AA. eaasilyy B. sslowC. ssoonD. wwide

43、lly54. AA. thhatB. ttheseeC. tthoseeD. oones55. AA. chhangeedB. ddividdedC. tturneedD. sshareed 56. AA. riightB. qquickkC. aaparttD. wwrongg57. AA. BeecausseB. AAsC. FForD. TThankks too 58. AA. onneB. ootherrC. eeachD. aanothher59. AA. evverB. sstilllC. eevenD. nneverr 600. A. worrdB. ssenteenceC. s

44、stickkD. ttoy61. AA. waas chhosenn B. hass beeen chhosenn C. choooses D. iis chhosenn 622. A. exppresssingB. mmeaniingC. ssuggeestinngD. ssayinng63. AA. woorkedd outtB. tturneed ouutC. sspokee outtD. ccarriied oout 644. A. orddinarrilyB. aaveraageC. ffiercceD. uusuall65. AA. Woorse stilllB. IIn sppi

45、teC. IIn addditiionD. oor raatherr 666. A. forrcedB. ttrainnedC. hhopeddD. aadvissed 677. A. witth B. bby C. iin D. oof 688. A. Eveen iffB. AAs iff C. TThougghD. OOnly if 699. A. or elseeB. sstilllC. EEvenD. BBesidde 700. A. kisssB. bbiteC. ttouchhD. ppat第三部分：阅读理解解 阅读下下列短文，从从每题所给给的四个选选项（A，BB，C和DD）中选

46、出出最佳选项项。A lettter to EEdwarrd, a coolumnnist(报刊专栏栏作家）Dear Mr EExperrt:I greew upp in an uunhapppy aand aabusiive hhome. I aalwayys Prromissed mmysellf thhat IId gget oout aas sooon aas poossibble. Now, at age 20,II havve a goodd jobb andd a nnice housse, aand IIm rreallly prroud of tthe iindeppendee

47、nce Ivee achhieveed.Heres thhe prrobleem: sseverral oof myy friiendss whoo stiill llive withh theeir pparennts wwish theyy hadd plaaces likee minne so mmuch so tthat theyy makke miine ttheirrs.It sttarteed ouut wiith aa couuple of tthem spenndingg thee weeekendds wiith mme. BBut nnow tthey seemm to

48、takee it for grannted thatt theey caan shhow up any timee theey liike. Theyy briing bboyfrriendds ovver, talkk on the phonne annd sttay oout fforevver.I enjjoy hhavinng myy friiendss herre soometiimes it makees thhe pllace feell commforttablee andd warrm butt thiis iss my homee, not a paarty housse.

49、 I waas olld ennoughh to movee outt on my oown, so wwhy ccant I seemm to ask my ffriennds tto reespecct myy priivacyy(隐私)?JoanEdwarrds replly too JoaanDear Joann:If yoour ffamilly diidntt payy atttentiion tto yoour nneedss wheen yoou weere aa chiild, you probbablyy havve trroublle leettinng ottherss

50、 knoow yoour nneedss noww.And iif yoouve ggatheered yourr friiendss aroound you to rrebuiild aa happpy ffamilly attmosppheree(气氛),youu mayy feaar thhat ssayinng noo willl brring backk thee kinnd off connflicct yoou grrew uup wiith or desttroy the nicee atmmosphhere you now enjooy. You needd to undeerstaand tthat in ttr