蒙大英语国家-英国概况课件04 British Education

1、Lecture FourBritish EducationContentsWarm-up1Language Study2Detailed Study 3Extension4Warm-Up Discuss the Following QuestionsWhat do you think are the most outstanding changes in the English education system since the 19th century?What does the “streaming” system mean to you? Do you think the system

2、 is reasonable? reform schooln.教养院 primary school小学 streamingn.流动 Language Study compulsoryadj.必须做的, 强制性的 authorityn.1权力, 职权2官方, 当局3权威, 专家 Syllabusn.教学大纲; 课程提纲 selectiveadj.1精心选择的2选择的; 不普遍的 Language Studytertiary college高等院校;英(职业性)专科学校 minimumn.最低限度, 最小量adj.最低的, 最小的 teaching staff教育工作者(总称) Language

3、Studyapplications应用,应用软件 Maximumadj.最大值的, 最大量的n.最大的量、体积、强度等 click here to add: 添加 click here to add: 添加 I A survey of British educationMore than 90 percent of pupils in the UK attend publicly-funded state schools. Approximately 8.5 million children attend one of the 30,000 schools in England and Wal

4、es; in Scotland, 830,000 children attend about 5,000 schools, including pre-schools and other special education schools; and Northern Ireland sends 350,000 children to 1,300 state schools. Primary schools usually include both girls and boys as pupils. Secondary schools may be either single-sex or co

5、-educational.Detailed StudyThe relevant education departments in England, Scotland and Wales dispense funding for schools through a Local Education Authority (or Education Authority in Scotland). In Northern Ireland, schools are largely financed from public funds through five Education and Library B

6、oards.Detailed StudyII Change & Reform in SchoolsDetailed StudyDevelopment from a limited and voluntary schooling to an expanded and compulsory education system.Before 1870 school set up by churches, 40% of children aged 10 attendedFrom 1870 onwards government took responsibility for education in re

7、sponse to changes caused by industrial revolution and movement for social & political reformThe 1944 Act in England& Wales gave all children the right to free secondary education1960s introduction of comprehensive schools early selection & streaming not fair, equal educational opportunities & merito

8、cracyIn 1999 85% of children attended comprehensive schools while 16% went to remaining gr. schools or private schools, problems of streaming still remain, holding back of brighter students, unjustified labelling Detailed StudyThe tripartite system for secondary educationA system of secondary educat

9、ion streaming 11 year-old children at the end of their primary education into secondary modern, technical and grammar schools respectively.at end of primary education children are selected by means of streaming. Those on the top stream (20%) went to grammar schools. The rest went to secondary modern

10、 and technical schools Detailed StudyBasic structure for the systemDetailed StudyPrimary schoolsCompulsory schooling starts at 5Co-educational and a class-teacher systemThree-term school yearSecondary schoolsCompulsory schooling extends up to 16The selective system, comprehensive system and independ

11、ent schoolsSixth form colleges/ tertiary collegesOther schoolsCounty schoolsVoluntary schoolsIII Features of British educationDetailed StudyComparative independence of the local education authoritiesAbsence of centralized time-tables and syllabusesDifferent types of schoolsDiverse system of universi

12、ty degreesIV Schools TodaySchools Today Primary PhaseDetailed StudyPre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged two to four/five through playgroups and nursery schools. The emphasis is on group work, creative activity and guided play Compulsory education begins a

13、t five in England, Wales and Scotland and four in Northern Ireland Schools Today Secondary PhaseCompulsory education ends at age sixteen, though many pupils stay on beyond the minimum leaving age . The main exam pupils should take is GCSE. About 90% of state secondary school pupils in England, Wales

14、 and Scotland go to comprehensive schools, which provide a wide range of secondary education for most children of all abilities from a district in the eleven to eighteen age range (twelve to eighteen in Scotland) At age sixteen pupils in England and Wales may transfer to sixth form colleges or terti

15、ary colleges ,leading to GCE A levelDetailed StudySchools Today-Independent SchoolsDetailed StudyFee-paying, known as public schools7% of schoolchildren attendingGood teaching staffEton educated 19 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, Shelley, Orwell, founded in 1440 by HENRY VI to educate

16、sons of the poor for service of church & state. (see p69 for more)Schools Today- UniversitiesDetailed Study110 universities in UK. 93 in England, 13 in Scotland, 2 in Wales and 2 in N. IrelandOver 42% of pupils become university students on leaving school at 18Two other main universities. University

17、 of Buckingham (800 students) Open University (over 20,000 students). The latter non-residential university offering courses for adults of all ages. (more on p61 concerning important changes)Schools Today- Open UniversityThe Open University is ranked in the top five of UK universities for the qualit

18、y of teaching, according to a newly-published national table.The university, whose headquarters are at Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, has fifth spot ahead of Oxford and University College London in the Sunday Times University Guide 2003s table of universities with the best marks for teaching Detailed StudySchools Today- Teacher TrainingDetailed StudyTo qualify as a teacher in BritainOne can take a 4-year Bachelor of Education (BEd) degreeOr foll