2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题17阅读理解二含解析

1、2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题17阅读理解二含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题17阅读理解二含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题17阅读理解二含解析专题17 【阅读理解】解题指导触类旁通寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路二做出推理和判断-推理判断题 阅读理解【推理判断题】满分攻略命题规律考查内容阅读材料中没有直接表达出来的内容，需要根据文章已有考查内容的信息，通过逻辑关系进行推敲。正确选项特点原文同义替代。段落主题或句群的论点.由构成对比的一方推断出另一方。干扰项特点似是而非 A.对文章信息的简单陈述，而不是推出的结论。B。推理一部分正确，一部分错误。夸大事实 推

2、理过度，常出现only,all,always等绝对化的词汇。答题技巧点拨细节推断题答 题 技 巧题干设置常含有infer,conclude，indicate，suggest.根据题干或选项定位原文，常用一些形容词、副词和不定式意义的动词来表达，如possible，impossible，seem， strange等。利用逆向思维进行推断：原文和选项正反两种说法一致。综合文段信息进行推断：在理解文章或者段落大意的基础上进行推断。观点态度题答 题 技 巧题干设置常含有attitude，opinion，think about等标志词。正确理解文意，切勿用自己的观点来代替作者的观点。留意描写环境、气氛的

3、语言及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。表达态度常 用 词 语表达积极态度：approving（赞同的）optimistic(乐观的）supportive(支持的）positive(积极的)concerned（关心的）favorable（赞同的）表示消极态度：critical（批评的)doubtful（怀疑的） negative(否定的) pessimistic（悲观的) worried(担忧的) uninterested(不感兴趣的）表示中立态度：objective (客观的)subjective(主观的） neutral(中立的） indifferent(漠不关心的)4。 写作意图题答 题 技

4、巧题干设置常出现purpose，in order to，why，want to tell us等标志词在理解文章大意的基础上，根据文体特点、作者阐述问题的方法和文章语气进行推断。文章来源&读者对象题答 题 技 巧题干设置通常有find,where,who，intend等标志词。具备报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、广告、旅游指南、操作指南等常识.产品说明和药品说明类 出现click、website的是网络。出现名人、娱乐方面的是杂志 出现科普知识的是科技报告。出现教育内容的是教育板块. 出现日期、地点和通讯社的一般是报纸。内容预测题答 题 技 巧题干设置常出现will happen,conti

5、nue to write,follow等词把握作者写作思路，理清文章时间发展过程、因果关系、对比关系等、尤其要重视文章最后一段内容和文末的几句话.考点突破针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升熟记高频词 突破阅读理解词汇障碍高考英语考前必背570个高频词第 七 组第 八 组181. subsequent adj. 随后的；后来的182. virtue n. 美德；优点183. virtual adj. 事实上的；虚拟的184. orient n. 东方 vt.使适应185. portion n。 一部分186. target n。 目标；靶子 vt. 瞄准187。 portable adj。 手提式

6、的188。 decline v。 拒绝；谢绝；下降189. illusion n。 错觉190。 likelihood n。 可能;可能性191。 stripe n。 条纹192. emphasize vt。 强调；着重193。 emotion n。 情感；感情194。 emotional adj。 感情的；情绪（上）的195。 awful adj. 极坏的;威严的；可怕的196. awkward adj。 笨拙的;棘手的197. clue n。 线索；提示198。 collision n。 碰撞;冲突199. device n。 装置；设备200。 devise vt. 发明；策划；想出20

7、1。 software n. 软件202。 lunar adj. 月亮的；月球的;阴历的203. submerge vi。 潜入水中204. tissue n。 组织；薄纱；手巾纸205. motivate vt. 激励；激发206. motive n。 动机；目的207. generate vt. 产生（光、热、电等) 208。 lest conj. 唯恐；免得209. liable adj。 可能的； （to)易于。.。的210。 liberal adj.自由主义的;自由的;慷慨的211。 inevitable adj. 不可避免的212. naval adj。 海军的213. navig

8、ation n. 航行214. necessity n。 必需品；必要性215. previous adj。 早先的；以前的216。 provision n.规定；条款;供应品217。 pursue vt. 追逐;追求;从事，进行218。 stale adj。 不新鲜的；陈腐的219. substitute n. 代用品 vt。 代替220。 deserve vt。 应受；应得；值得221。 discrimination n。 歧视；辨别力222. professional adj。 职业的；专门的223. nevertheless adv。 仍然；然而；不过224。 neutral adj.

9、 中立的；中性的225。 spot n. 地点；斑点 vt. 认出；发现226. secure adj。 安全的；可靠的227. security n. 安全；保障228。 scratch v./n。 抓；搔；扒229。 talent n。 才能；天资；人才230。 insurance n. 保险；保险费231. insure vt。 给。保险；保证；确保232. spray v。 喷；（使）溅散233。 medium adj。 中等的 n。 新闻媒介234. media n. 新闻传媒235. auxiliary adj. 辅助的;备用的236. automatic adj. 自动的237。

10、 compete vi. 竞争；比赛238. competent adj. 有能力的；能胜任的239。 smash vt. 粉碎；打烂240. distribute vt。 分发第 九 组第 十 组241。 disturb vt。 打搅；妨碍242。 infer v. 推论；推断243。 integrate v.（使）成为一体;(使）合并244。 moist adj. 潮湿245. moisture n。 潮湿246。 promote vt。 促进；提升247。 region n. 地区;范围;幅度248。 register v。/n。登记;注册249。 stable adj. 稳定的250。

11、 sophisticated adj.老练的；复杂的251。 splendid adj. 极好的；壮丽的;辉煌的252. cancel vt。 取消；废除253. variable adj. 易变的；可变的254。 prospect n. 前景；前途；景象255。 prosperity n.兴旺；繁荣256. aspect n。 方面;朝向;面貌257。 cope vi. (with）（成功地）应付；处理258. core n. 果心;核心259。 maintain vt. 维持；保持；坚持；主张260. mainland n. 大陆261. discipline n。 纪律；惩罚；学科262

12、. domestic adj。本国的；国内的;家用的263。 constant adj。 不变的 n。 常数264。 cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁265. authority n。 权威;当局266。 audio adj. 听觉267. attitude n. 态度268。 community n。 社区;社会269. commit vt.犯（错误、罪行）；干（坏事)270。 comment n。/vt。 评论271。 distinguish vt. 区分；辨别272. distress n. 痛苦；悲伤 vt。 使痛苦273。 facility n。 pl. 设备；设施;便利274. fac

13、ulty n。能力;系；全体教员275。 mixture n. 混合;混合物276。 mood n. 心情；情绪;语气277。 moral adj. 道德上的；有道德的278. prominent adj. 突出的279。 substance n. 物质；实质280。 substantial adj. 牢固的；实质的281。 prompt vt。 促使 adj。 敏捷的;及时的282. passport n。 护照283。 waist n. 腰,腰部284。 weld v。/n。 焊接285。 yawn vi。 打哈欠286。 yield vi. （to)屈服于；让出 n. 产量287. zo

14、ne n. 地区；区域288。 strategy n。 战略；策略289. strategic adj. 战略（上）的；关键的290。 tense adj。 紧张的 v。 拉紧 n. 时态291. tension n. 紧张（状态）;张力292。 avenue n。 林荫道;大街293. available adj。 现成可用的；可得到的294。 comparable adj。 （with，to）可比较的第 十 一 组第 十 二 组295. comparative adj。 比较的；相对的296。 dash vi. 猛冲；飞奔297. data n。 数据;资料298. dive vi。 跳水

15、；潜水299. diverse adj。 不同的;多种多样的300。 entitle vt. 给.。.权利；给。资格301。 regulate vt. 管理；调节302. release vt./n。 释放；排放;解释解脱303。 exaggerate v. 夸大；夸张304。 evil adj。 邪恶的；坏的305. shrink vi。 起皱；收缩；退缩306. subtract v。 减（去)307. suburb n。 市郊308。 subway n. 地铁309。 survey n./vt. 调查；勘测310。 wealthy adj。 富裕的311. adjust v。 调整;调节

16、312. attach vt. 系，贴;使附属313. profit n. 利润；益处；v。 有益于314。 profitable adj。 有利可图的315。 slope n。 斜坡;斜面316. reinforce vt. 增强；加强317. reject vt。 拒绝318。 fatal adj。 致命的；重大的319. fate n。 命运320. humble adj。 谦逊的；谦虚的321。 illegal adj。 不合法的；非法的322。 award vt. 授予;判给 n. 奖品;奖金323. aware adj。 意识到324. column n。 柱，圆柱；栏;专栏325

17、. comedy n。 喜剧326。 dumb adj. 哑的；沉默的327。 dump vt。 倾卸；倾倒328。 deaf adj. 聋的；不愿听的329。 decorate vt。 装饰；装璜330。 principal adj。 最重要的 n。 校长331. vocabulary n。 词汇（量)；词汇表332。 venture n.风险投资v。冒险;取于333. version n。 版本;译本；说法334. principle n。 原则；原理335。 prior adj。 优先的;在前的336. priority n。 优先；重点337。 prohibit vt. 禁止;不准33

18、8。 remarkable adj.值得注意的；非凡的339. remedy n./vt。 补救；医治;治疗340。 repetition n。 重复；反复341。 vain adj. 徒劳的；无效的342。 undertake vt。 承担；着手做;同意343。 unique adj。 唯一的；独特的344。 obstacle n. 障碍（物）；妨碍345。 odd adj. 奇特的；古怪的;奇数的346. omit vt. 省略347。 origin n. 起源；出身opponent n. 敌手；对手349. oval adj. 椭圆形的 n. 椭圆形350。 orchestra n。 管

19、弦乐队2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练二解析版跟踪检测迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能 Test 1Kettles Yard， CambridgeThis modern art gallery in a Victorian house was founded in the 1950s by Jim Ede and reopened in February， following a two。year redevelopment by Jamie Fobert Architects. This means a new cafe， a four.floor education wing a

20、nd improved gallery space that can accommodate more visitors。 The gallerys permanent collection includes works of Joan Mir， Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth。Being Brunel, BristolTo celebrate the life and work of famous civil engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Being Brunel opened in March on Bristols

21、harbourside。 The museum included a range of interactive and entertaining exhibits, including talking portraits of his friends and family and personal possessions， including an 1821 school report. It is a good place for families to strengthen connections.Royal Academy of Arts, LondonThe RA reopened o

22、n 19 May for its 250th anniversary， following a renovation（翻新) with a gallery and expanded exhibition programme. These will include three galleries， which will host exhibitions with a focus on contemporary art and architecture. The grand facade（正面） of the Burlington Gardens building has also been re

23、storedpossibly the first time its had a proper clean in its 150.year history.VA， DundeeOne of the most significant new openings of the year will be Scotlands first designed museumand also the first VA anywhere outside of Londonon 15 September. The museum building sits on the River Tay。 It will celeb

24、rate Scottish designs and objects in its collection。1What do we know about Being Brunel?AIt has a long school report。BIt includes three galleries.CIt is family。friendly。DIt possesses permanent collections。2The purpose of the RA reopening is_Ato expand the exhibitionBto mark its 250th anniversaryCto

25、display contemporary artDto present its 150。year history3What is the purpose of the passage?ATo attract more visitors to the UK。BTo compare different tourist attractions。CTo describe some famous museums and artists.DTo introduce openings of some famous art galleries and museums。【解题导语】本文介绍了四个艺术画廊(博物馆

26、)的特点、展出的内容等。1C解析：细节理解题.根据Being Brunel, Bristol中最后一句“It is a good place for families to strengthen connections。可知，Being Brunel是一个家庭友好型博物馆。故选C.2B解析：细节理解题。根据Royal Academy of Arts， London部分中的“The RA reopened on 19 May for its 250th anniversary， following a renovation（翻新） with a gallery and expanded exhi

27、bition programme。可知，RA重新开放的目的是纪念其成立250周年。故选B.3D解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一些著名的艺术博物馆和画廊的开幕。故选D。Test 2The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2，000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 3,000 fish， 1，294 birds, 427 mamm

28、als， 428 amphibians， and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region。 One in five of all the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.The warm and wet forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years, and thrived even during glacial periods, allowing for the evol

29、ution of an unbelievable diversity of species。 Radiocarbon dating (放射性碳定年法) has revealed trees of 10 centimeter in diameter to be more than 300 years old， and some trees over 1,000 years old, indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.The first human inhabitants are thou

30、ght to have settled in the Amazon region about 11,200 years ago。 European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves， killing perhaps as many as 90 of the indigenous inhabitants (土著居民). By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was co

31、ntrolled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.The Amazon rainforests has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen. But due to deforestation（滥伐森林), rain-forests now cover less than 5 of the Earths land surface, and experts believe

32、that this is a big contributor to global climate change。 Severe deforestation began in the 20th century, with 587，000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000。Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture。 The addition of transport routes has led to increased set

33、tlement and deforestation， and at the present rate, scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40 in two decades。1Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?ATo prove the forest untouched.BTo classify species scientifically。CTo show the diversity of species.DTo attract more

34、attention to the Amazon region。2Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die？AEuropean explorers brought diseases there。BPortuguese explorers treated them badly。CA lot of trees were cut down and burned.DThey got killed by Spanish explorers.3What can be inferred about the Amazon rainf

35、orest？AIt has the largest number of species.BIt covers over 5% of South America.CIt is becoming larger in area.DIt is being endangered now。4What may be included in the following paragraph？AExamples of destroying forests.BMeasures to protect rainforests。CNew settlements in the Amazon region。DWays to

36、stop global warming.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了亚马逊热带雨林的历史、丰富的物种以及现在所面临的危险。1C解析：推理判断题.根据第一段的内容并结合第二段第一句中的“allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species”可推知，那些关于动植物种类的数字说明了亚马逊热带雨林的物种多样性，故选C。2A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“European explorers arrived in the 16th century， bringing diseases which traveled fast

37、er than the explorers themselves, killing perhaps as many as 90 of the indigenous inhabitants（土著居民)可知，可能多达90%的亚马逊土著居民因为欧洲探险者所带来的疾病而死亡，故选A.3D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段尾句中的“at the present rate。in two decades并结合最后一段的整体内容可推知，亚马逊热带雨林遭到破坏，而且未来20年可能会减少40，故选D。4B解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的关键词“deforestation可推知，亚马逊热带雨林砍伐严重,那么本文接下来自

38、然就会论述这一问题的解决措施，故选B.Test 3The world can be a scary place when youre young。 It can be even scarier when youre a young little blue penguin(企鹅）, the tiniest of the penguin species。 Luckily， there are some humans willing to help。 They stepped in to protect Billy， a blue penguin that appeared on a beach i

39、n Christchurch, New Zealand.Spotted on November 29 at the slipway at Moncks Bay, near Sumner， in Christchurch, the little penguin immediately attracted a small crowd。 Jeff Mein Smith saw the crowd while he was bicycling that afternoon, and he biked home to get his camera. When he returned to the sce

40、ne, he found that the penguin had received a little sign, one that read “Hi, Im waiting for my mum to come back. DOC(Department of Conservation) knows Im here。 Please leave me alone。 Keep your dog away。 Thanks， Billy the baby blue penguin.”Billy didnt move away from the sign. The DOC arrived later t

41、hat afternoon to pick up Billy, though they were surprised to see it on the beach。 “Its unusual for a blue penguin to be out in the open on the beach during the day， Anita Spencer, a DOC senior ranger, told Stuff。Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved

42、 from the beach. Volunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin， and is around 2 months old. The chick weighs a mere 550 grams， less than a standard basketball。 A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age。 Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram.The center will he

43、lp the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice， before its set free into the ocean。1Why can the world be frightening to a young penguin？AIt is a rare species.BIt faces potential danger。CIt is surrounded by the crowd.DIt is threatened by dogs。2It can be inferred from the text that Bi

44、lly_Ais a female penguinBhas expressed its thanksCweighs less for its ageDprefers living on the beach3Which of the following can replace the underlined word “retrieved” in Paragraph 4?AIgnored.BCured.CGiven away。 DBrought back。4What will happen to Billy in the center？AIt will be reported to Stuff.BI

45、t will be visited by the locals.CIt will be taken good care of。DIt will be fed with fruit juice.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事.1B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段,尤其是倒数第二、三句“Please leave me alone。 Keep your dog away。”可知，当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖立了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它,不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知,对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲，这个世界是可怕的，因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确.2C解析：推理判断题.根

46、据第四段中的“The chick weighs a mere 550 grams， less than a standard basketball。 A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age。”可知，这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克，而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知，这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。3D解析：词义猜测题.根据第四段第一句“Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center

47、after being retrieved from the beach.”可知，这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知，画线词与brought back “带回”意思相近。故D项正确。4C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The center will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice， before its set free into the ocean。”可知，在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前,康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知，在那个企鹅康复中心里，这只小

48、蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾.故C项正确.Test 4Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patchabout 40,000 metric tonswithin five years。 In the past few weeks they h

49、ave been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine， creating the largest floating barrier ever made。The system， originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch， between Hawaii an

50、d California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.Mr。 Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were

51、 more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution， quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr。 Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone。 “We as humanity created this problem， so I think its als

52、o our responsibility to help solve it,” he says。The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP） covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79，000 tons of plastic， research found last month。 Most of it is made up of “ghost gear”parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets a

53、nd ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels.Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales， dolphins and seals each year， according to scientific surveys。 Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic。 Creatures eat plastic discarded in the

54、sea thinking its food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly。 Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.1What does the underlined word “detritus in the second paragraph probably mean？AWaste. BOcean.CSystem. DMachine.2Which one makes

55、 up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage？AFishing vessels.BDolphins and seals。CGiant tubes.DAbandoned fishing gear.3Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?ABecause they are killed by ghost gear.BBecause they are suffocated by ghost gear.CBecause they do

56、nt like eating plastic。DBecause they are not feeding properly。4What is the main idea of the passage？AA report about the death of marine life。BNews about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic。CInformation about ocean plastic。DThe reason for inventing a machine.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明

57、。1A解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear， such as nets and ropes-often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”。故选A.2D解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ghost gearpar

58、ts of abandoned and lost fishing gear， such as nets and ropes-often from illegal fishing vessels。”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。3D解析：细节理解题.根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能正常地进食.4B解析：主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明.第一段“Scientists ar

59、e preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.”点明了文章的主题。故选B。Test 5At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington， Kentucky, US。， oldfashioned houses look over the little red barn（畜舍)The farm is mostly empty now.Jim Mahan and his family, who lived ther

60、e for generations， have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County.As land is sold， houses go up where there once were fields.But during the summer， the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm。 Theyre members of the Fayette County Livestock(FCL) Club， which sh