不定式和动词象一对姐妹一样亲密

1、不定式和动词象一对姐妹一样亲密，本不该拆开来讲，可是篇幅有限，只能让他们分开了。不定式的构成非常简单，是to+动词原形。当然，to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。那什么时候可以不带to呢 Listen to me carefully.不定式省to有四种情况：使役动词 let,have,make 等后接不定式。如：Let him go! 让他走!would rather，had better后。如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。Why. / why not.后。如：Why not have a good re

2、st on Sunday 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢 感官动词 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作宾补，省to。如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to 哟！ 如：The boss made them work the whole night. 变成被动句：They were made to work the whole night.不定式的特殊用法：It与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如果动词不定式太长，显得头重脚轻的，那么我们就可用形式主语it代替，而把

3、真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)不定式还可以充当句子的宾语，但有些动词，如find，think，believe 等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我发现很难入睡。还有一点：动词不定式，还可用在how，when，where，what，which 等疑问代词或副词之后，与其共同作宾语。如：I dont kno

4、w how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remembertoo.to.和enough.to：too.to表达太 . 一致于不能.。enough . to 表达 足以.。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太沉了，我提不动。He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。也就是说，他的年龄足够上学了。记住这两个句子就可以举一反三，应用自如。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词

5、不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。表示伴随 1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。补充说明【例】 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went o

6、ut of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mothers illness.分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。【例】 N

7、ot shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we dont have enough hands)Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization._the earth to be fla

8、t, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995, 6)A) performing

9、B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B._as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时

10、，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。【例如】When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work. 2. 分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。【例如】Th

11、is is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed

12、 countries.The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.3. 分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。【例如】On the top of the hill, we coul

13、d see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village. The boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by. We should not leave him wondering what he should do.I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. I caught him doing something else in class.4. 过去分词可以在allow, ask, c

14、onsider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。【例如】You should keep her informed of what is going on here.I expected you well prepared for the examination.在动词see, hear, feel, watch, noti

15、ce，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。【例】I saw Mr. White get off a bus. I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window.Do you hear someone knocking at the door?Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times. 5. 分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分

16、词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。【例】The film “Harry Potter” is really exciting, and I am excited about it. His response to the question was quite disappointing. I really felt _ at his response.2010山东省潍坊市19. 1)At least 300 million people are using QQ_by Ma Huateng to chat on line.A.create B.creates C.creating D.c

17、reated【答案】D（2010四川省成都市42. 1）-Wheres your brother now,Bob?-I saw him _in the street a moment ago and I told him_.A.playing;dont do so B.playing;not to so C.play;to do so【答案】B（2010吉林省通化市46，1）The woman made his son_finally after she told him some jokes.A.laughed B.to laugh C.laugh D.laughing【答案】C（2010河

18、南省24，1）Father often tells me-too much time on computer games.A.dont spend B.not spend C.not to spend D.not spending【答案】C（2010湖北省黄冈市43，1）-How would your family like to travel?-Its a problem in my family.Mother prefers to take a bus to travel,while father always sticks _to travel.A.to drive B.to drivi

19、ng C.driving D.drive【答案】B（2010山东省聊城市34，1）The teachers often tell their pubils _aeross the road when the traffic light is red.A.not go B.not to go C.dont go D.didnt go【答案】B（2010陕西省25，1）Dont forget _an umbrella _you.Its going to rain.A.to take;to B.taking;to C.to take;with D.taking;with【答案】C（2010广西省梧州

20、市40，1）English is very important,so I practice_it very hard.A.speaks B.to speak C.speaking D.speak【答案】C（2010山东省莱芜市24，1）Most of the young people enjoy _ Jay Chous songs.Asing Bsang Csinging Dto sing【答案】C（2010黑龙江省哈尔滨市30，1）As teenagers, were old enough _ with housework. We can help set the table, wash t

21、he dishes and clean our own rooms.A. to help B. helping C. helped【答案】A（2010福建省福州市41，1）-Hi,Steve!Our teachers told us_an electric bike.Its too dangerous.-Im sorry.I wont do it again.A.to ride B.not ride C.not to ride【答案】C（2010湖北省荆门市35，1）After several campus(校园) attacks , many schools across the count

22、ry have already taken action_their campuses_ .A. making, safe B. made, safe C. to make, safer D. make, safe 【答案】C（2010湖北省黄石市26，1）- What would you like for breakfast ?- I like hamburgers . But now Id like _ some cakes.A. eating B. to eat C. to drink D. drinking【答案】B（2010黑龙江省鸡西市26，1）How long does it t

23、ake your father _ to work every day?About half an hour.A. drives B. driving C. to drive【答案】C（2010黑龙江省鸡西市28，1）Last weekend, the Greens had great fun _ at Water World.A. swimming B. cooking C. hiking【答案】A（2010北京市31，1）Granny often tells us _ water in our daily life.A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves【答案】C（2010广西省定西市4，1）The boy is looking forward to_a good time afte